Specific tumours part 1 Flashcards
Eosinophilic granulomas affect the ventral and lateral tongue. What dog breeds are predisposed?
CKCS
Husky
What is the treatment for canine and feline eosinophilic granulomas?
Steroids
Surgery
Radiotherapy + hypoallergenic diet (cat?)
A dog has raised cauliflower, alopecic lesions. They are benign. What is the likely tumour?
Sebaceous adenoma
A dog has a benign swelling in the perianal/thigh area. On cytology the cells look like hepatocytes. What is the likely diagnosis?
Hepatoid gland tumour
Sweat glands
A FISS is associated with which vaccines?
FeLV
Rabies
How do FISS metastasise? (route)
Haematogenous route
What is the 3-2-1 rule for biopsy investigation of a FISS?
Mass present for 3+ months post injection
>2cm in diameter
Growing 1 month after injection
What margins are required for a FISS?
3-5cm
Refer - may require vertebrae!
How can a FISS be prevented?
Vaccinate on a site of wide surgical excision (tail, limb)
Reduce inflammation at site
Do not over-vaccinate
Epulides are non-metastatic lesions on the gingiva. What are the two types and which is invasive?
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma - invasive locally
Peripheral odontgenic fibroma - not invasive, slower growing
What breed and age dogs are prone to fibrosarcomas?
Golden Retriever Middle age (5-7)
Where are feline fibrosarcomas often found?
Orally
Where do fibrosarcomas metastasise to? They have low-moderate met risk
Lung
LNs
Where is a histiologically low grade, biologically high grade fibrosarcoma often found?
Caudal maxilla
Aggressive although benign histo appearance
What haematology changes may be seen with a haemangiosarcoma?
Low platelet count - coagulation problems
Anaemia
Shistocytes
Reduced TP
What is a histiocytoma? What does it look like?
Round cell tumour
Dome shaped, alopecia +/- ulceration
What is the treatment for histiocytoma? What age is usually affected?
Nothing - tend to regress in a few weeks
Young animals
A histiocytic sarcoma is a round tumour arising from histiocytes in the body. Give examples of where histiocytes are found. Is this tumour metastatic?
Lung, spleen, liver, bone, brain, joints
Highly metastatic
Tx with mulitmodal therapy
Is leukeamia more common in cats or dogs?
Cats
What are the 4 types of leukaemia?
Acute lymphoid leukaemia
Chronic lymphoid leukaemia
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
What is myelodysplastic syndrome a precursor to? In which animals?
Acute lymphoid leukaemia
FeLV positive cats
In chronic myeloid leukaemia there is a proliferation of mature myeloid cells, usually neutrophils. What is a blast crisis?
Phase of myeloid leukaemia
>30% of circulating blood cells are blast cells
Cause tiredness, pyrexia, splenomegaly
What is the treatment for acute leukaemia?
Multiagent chemo - CHOP, CEOP
Cytarabine infusions
(Px poor)
Lymphoma can be B or T cell. Which has the better prognosis?
B = better T = terrible
What are the stages of lymphoma?
Stage 1 = 1 LN or organ
Stage 2 = involement of local LNs or tonsils
Stage 3 = hepatic or spleen involement
Stage 4 = manifestations in blood/bone marrow
a = without systemic illness
b = with systemic illness
What is the most common form of lymphoma?
Multicentric (generalised peripheral lymphadenopathy
Craniomediastinal lymphoma can be solitary or part of multicentric lymphoma. It can lead to hypercalcaemia and precaval syndrome. What is precaval syndrome?
Compression of vena cava
Swelling of head, neck and FLs
What is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma?
Mycosis fungoides
Cutaneous lymphoma can be T cell or B cell. What is the difference?
T cell = epitheliotropic
B cell = non-epitheliotropic
The gold standard for lymphoma is discontinuous CHOP/CEOP (dogs) or high dose COP (cats). Give examples of rescue protocols
DMAC - dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, cytatarabine
LPP - lomustine, procarbazine, pred
Doxorubicin/epirubicin if not already used
What pathogen predisposes cats to lymphoma?
FeLV = 62X risk!!!
FIV
What drugs can be used for analgesia in palliative bone tumours?
Biphosphanates - pamidronate, zoledronate
