Specific Nuclides

Question 1

Iodine 131

Answer 1

Major nuclide of concern during reactor accident

1uCi produces6.5 rad to thyroid

Radioactivity estimated by monitoring thyroid

50% uptake will occur 6 hours after

90% peak uptake 24 after 24 hours

Max uptake with max reading 48 hours after

Notify BUMED

Question 2

Iodine 131 treatment

Answer 2

Potassium Iodine

Prevents uptake

130mg

record SF 600 - Name - date - dose

Ideally hour before passage of plume

40+ - 130mg if exposure >10 RAD

40+ - 130mg if exposure >500 rad in order to prevent hypothyroidism

pregnant- 130mg is exposure >5 Rad

Question 3

Side effects

Answer 3

Metallic taste, burning mouth and throat, sore teeth and gums. Head cold. diarrhea.

Question 4

Potassium iodine storage

Answer 4

Maintained in AMAL

Storage 59 degrees to 86 degrees F

Minimum be stored in the medical department and each watertight compartment adjacent to the reactor compartment

Ordered through DLA, expiration 5 years from manufacturing

Update records 90 days, enter into SLEP

BUMED REAB notify before requesting SLEP

Can issue expired if emergency, no evidence of discoloration, fragmentation, irregular surface

Question 5

Isotopes outlines in BUMEDINST 6470.10c

Answer 5

Chromium
Cobalt
Depleted Uranium
Plutonium
Radium
Tritium
Technetium

Question 6

Chromium-51

Answer 6

Physical Half Life- 27.7

Source- steel, activated reactor chemicals

Target- Whole Body

Skin contamination, dose rate 1/60th of Co-60

Treatment- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) or Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetate (DTPA)

Contraindicated- Antacids

VIVO- special bioassay because of low gamma energy

Question 7

Cobalt-60

Answer 7

Half- life 5.27 years

Source: Activated Nickel

Target: whole body

MFR w/304 can detect

skin contamination on 20-square centimeter will deliver 4.3 rad/hr/uCi/cm2

biological half life 42 hours

treatment: EDTA or DTPA, symptomatically, Decon,

Vivo- Bioassay partial or whole body counting

Question 8

Depleted Uranium

Answer 8

Half-Life- 4.5 billion years

Source- munitions

Target- liver, bones, kidney

MFR w/304 probe can detect

Treatment- bicarbonate or dialysis

Most common form (U3O8) Triumranium Octaoxide

Question 9

Plutonium-239

Answer 9

Half-Life- 24,400 years

Source: Nuke WPNS

Target: Lung, Liver, Bone

Specialized Instrument to monitor

EDTA or DTPA

Question 10

Radium-226

Answer 10

Half-Life- 1,600 years

Source- Luminous dials or gauges

Target organ: Bone

After Ingestion, 30% absorbed excreted in few days

BUMED REAB: contact for guidance

Immediate stomach Lavage with 10% magnesium sulfate

Question 11

Tritium

Answer 11

Half-Life- 12.3 years

Source: thermonuclear WPNS

Target: Whole Body

Tritium Water: entering lungs or GI tract completely absorbs

Treatment: diuretics

Collect urine: 2-24 hours

Liquid Scintillation Analysis performed at hospitals, shipyards, research facilities, wpns stations

Decon, wound decon, internal decon

Question 12

Technetium 99m

Answer 12

Half-life 6 hours

Source: Nuclear Medicine

target: Whole Body

MFR w/dt 304 probe can detect

Treatment: Potassium Perchlorate

Emits: 140 keV