Specific learning disabilities (SLDs)

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

an unexpected and unexplained condition

• occurring in a child of average or above intelligence
• with significant delay in one or more areas of learning.

These areas include:

• reading
• spelling
• writing
• arithmetic
• language (comprehension and expression)
• attention and organisation
• coordination
• social and emotional development

An SLD can vary from very mild to quite severe.

It may, in turn, cause a general learning disability.

The primary cause is unknown.

Question 2

Diagnosis

Answer 2

If undetected by parents, any undisclosed SLD will soon be detected in the classroom.

Sometimes the disability is not detected until later (≥8 yrs) when more demanding schoolwork is required.

Speech delays, reading difficulties and calculation problems are among the first signs.

It is important to check hearing and vision.

These children may also present with a behaviour disorder as:

• often subject to bullying and ridicule by other children

They tend to develop a poor self-image and low self-esteem.

Question 3

Management

Answer 3

Usually referred to an experienced professional or to a clinic (e.g. a dyslexia clinic) for assessment.

Management may involve:

• a clinical psychologist
• an audiologist
• an optometrist or
• a speech pathologist.

A specific method of correcting the problem and promoting learning will be devised.

It is also worthwhile seeking the help of a support organisation.