specific immune response

Question 1

describe how a b cell is activated

Answer 1

pathogen antigen binds to commentary receptor in B cell
pathogen binds to MHC
T cell binds to B cell (APC)
release of cytokinins (from T cell)

Question 2

suggest how a microscope slide could be prepared to observe mitotic cell division in B cell

Answer 2

sample of b cells from lymph nodes
stain acetic orcein
heat and add HCl
observe stages of mitosis

Question 3

explain the meaning of phagocytosis

Answer 3

binding of antigen to phagocytotic cell
pathogen is engulfed
in a vacuole

Question 4

explain the meaning of non-specific response

Answer 4

the body’s response to pathogen
response is not determined by specific pathogen
e.g. inflamation

Question 5

explain the meaning of infection

Answer 5

entry of a pathogen into cells

Question 6

explain how phagocytosis and lysozyme action lead to antigen presentation by macrophages

Answer 6

idea that {bacteria / pathogen / virus / eq} have to be taken into macrophage / eq ;
idea of fusion of {phagosome / eq} with lysosome
pathogen is digested by enzyme
protease
antigen is presented on cell surface