Reaponse To Infection

Question 1

Explain the advantages of using humanoid antibodies in the treatment of cancer

Answer 1

Not trigger an immune response
Bind and destroy cancer cells
Target specific
Reducing need for other treatments

Question 2

Describe the events that take place resulting in T helper cell activation, following the formation of pseudopodia by the macrophages

Answer 2

Bacteria is engulfed and digested
Antigen attaches to MHC antigen
Macrophage becomes antigen presenting cell
CD4 receptor of T helper cell binds to antigen on macrophage

Question 3

Describe how macrophage present antigens to T helper cells

Answer 3

Antigen is on the surface of the macrophage
Antigen binds to CD4 receptor on the T helper cell

Question 4

Explain why plasmodium is exposed to UV before being used in a vaccine

Answer 4

To kill/attenuate / weaken
And reduce the risk of infection/Malaria

Question 5

Describe how vaccination enables people to have artificial immunity against Malaria (long answer)

Answer 5

Antigen presenting cell form MHC
APC binds to T cell CD4 receptors
Resulting in production of T memory cells
T cells release cytokines stimulating B cells
B memory cells produced
Plasma release antibodies

Question 6

Explain how the HPV vaccine protects girls from developing cervical cancer

Answer 6

Vaccine contains HPV antibodies
Causing memory cells to be produced
Secondary immune response destroys HPV before it can cause cancer

Question 7

Explain why HPV (virus) vaccine does not protect girls from Chlamydia (bacteria)

Answer 7

Immune response is specific
Infection with chlamydia will not result in memory cells being produced
Another (primary) response needs to be initiated
So chlamydia will not be killed before it causes disease

Question 8

Explain the importance in vaccinating as many people as possible against rubella

Answer 8

It causes herd immunity
Less infected people to transmit disease to uninflected people
Protects people who cannot become immune