Pathigenic Agents And Endemic Disease Flashcards
Explain how stem rust fungus results in a reduction in grain yield
Takes up nutrients e.g. amino acids
Less amino acids for proteins
Interferes with vascular tissue e.g. weekend stems
Consequence of damaged vascular tissue e.g. less transport of water to leaves
What genus does stem rust fungus belling to?
Puccinia
Explain one implication of a named method of controlling Malaria
Part 1
I Mosquito nets/ insect repellent
Too expensive
anti malarial tablets
Too expensive
Avoid stagnant water
Impractical because people live and work near stagnant water
Explain one implication of a named method of controlling Malaria
Part 2
Long clothing
Impractical for working
Insecticide
Kill other organisms
Sterile insect technique
Not fully tested
Biological control
Impacts food chain
What releases endotoxin
Gram - bacteria
What releases exotoxins
Gram - and Gram + bacteria
How do pathogens harm the host
Invade and destroy host tissue
Produce toxin
Full name for TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How does mycobacterium tuberculosis attack a cell
By host tissue invasion
Lies dormant in tuberculosis and not destroyed by immune system
(Tuberculosis coated in a thick waxy coat)
How does salmonella attack a cell
By endotoxins
How does staphylococcus attack a cell
Exotoxins (gram +)
Only cause damage is inside tissue; flora changes or immunocompromised
Bactericidal antibiotics
Kill bacteria by destroying cell walls so the bacteria bursts
Highly effective against Gram - due to thick cell wall
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Inhibit replication ( by preventing protein synthesis)
Highly effective against Gram- as lipid belayer is damaged
Why is HIV hard to treat
Constantly changing protein coat so not recognised by immune system
How to prevent antibiotic resistance
New patients are screened and isolated
Reduce unnecessary antibiotic use
Complete the course of antibiotics
Straight hygiene protocols
Developing new antibiotics
Gloves and other PPE
