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biology topic 3 classification > species > Flashcards

species Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why are species important to biologists

A

knowing biodiversity
monitor change of natural enviornmental changes and changes because of human activity

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2
Q

what do biologists look for in species

A

adaptations within a species
changes in number of species in specific enviorment

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3
Q

what species concept did linneaus develop

A

morphological species concept

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4
Q

whats the morphological species concept

A

only looked at features and apperance of species to classify them

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5
Q

whats difficult about classifying species with morphology

A

apperance of organism can be effected by lots of things
huge variation within closely related group of organisms

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6
Q

how does sexual dimorphism effect morphology

A

male and female look different so could be said to be different species when same

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7
Q

reproductive or biological species concept

A

if two organisms can reproduce to make fertile offspring they are the same species

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8
Q

definition of species

A

group of organisms with similar features that interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

advantages of reproductive or biological species concept

A

overcomes sexual dimorphism

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10
Q

disadvantages of reproductive or biological species concept

A

populations of organisms may not interbreed because of where they live not because they are different species

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11
Q

second definition of species

A

group of organisms in which genes can flow between individuals

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12
Q

molecular phylogeny

A

breaking down code to find similarities and differences between DNA of species

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13
Q

ecological species model

A

based on ecological niche occupied by organism

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14
Q

negatives of ecological species model

A

niche definitons very and many organisms have more then one niche

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15
Q

mate recognition species model

A

based on unique fertilisation methods including mating behaviour

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16
Q

weaknesses of mate recognition species model

A

many species interbreed with organisms and produce fertile offspring but are different species

17
Q

genetic species model

A

based of DNA evidence

18
Q

positives and negatives of genetic species model

A

-advanced tech- used more

  • have to work out what percentage of difference makes it not or same species
19
Q

evolutionary species model

A

based on shared evolutionary shared history between organisms

20
Q

weaknesses of evolutionary species model

A

no clear evolutionary pathway for any organsim

21
Q

limitations of species models

A

finding evidence of species mating- mating programms expensive

can hybrids be own species or same

many organisms dont repduce sexually

fossil organisms have DNA hard to extract

22
Q

what happens in DNA sequencing

A

all or part of the organisms base sequences are worked out

23
Q

what does DNA sequencing lead to

A

DNA profiling

24
Q

whats DNA profiling

A

looks at non coding areas of DNA to identify patterns

25
Q

how can patterns be used in DNA profiling

A

used to identify relationships between individuals and even between species

26
Q

whats the need for bioinformatics

A

DNA profiling and sequencing makes so much data that it would be impossible for human to go through and search all patterns

27
Q

why is identifying species from phenotype difficult

A

external conditions can result in major differences in appearance of individuals of same species

28
Q

whats DNA profiling important for

A

market place ethics
understanding and treating infections

29
Q

CBOL

A

consortium for the barcode of life

30
Q

IBOL

A

international barcode of life project

31
Q

ECBOL

A

european consortium for the barcode of life

32
Q

what are the barcode companies

A

large organisations that are developing DNA barcodes for norm for identifying species

33
Q

what does DNA barcoding include

A

looking at short genetic sequences from part of genome common to particular groups of organisms

34
Q

how is DNA barcoding strong

A

good at identifying fish, bird and insects

35
Q

how is DNA barcoding weak

A

cant be used for plants because evolve to slowly to see significant difference in genetics

36
Q

how are plants barcoded

A

two gene regions in chloroplasts that can be used to split groups

37
Q

what should happen to organism being barcoded

A

organism should be preserved

38
Q
A
39
Q
A

biology topic 3 classification (7 decks)

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