biodiversity

Question 1

issues of biodiversity decreasing

Answer 1

air and water of earth purified by organisms
-waste decomposed by fungi and bacteria
-microorganisms in soil and water convert ammonia into nitrate ions taken up and used by plants

Question 2

whats biodiversity

Answer 2

the variety of life on earth from microbes to mammals
genetic diversity between species and different species and variety of ecosystems

Question 3

how do plants influence rain fall

Answer 3

absorb water which evaporates into atmosphere producing clouds for rain

Question 4

2 factors for measuring biodiversity at species level

Answer 4

species richness
relative abundance of different species that make species richness

Question 5

areas of highest biodiversity

Answer 5

wet tropics and coral reefs

Question 6

biodiversity hotspots

Answer 6

of unusual biodiversity and endemism

Question 7

theory as to why some areas are really biodiverse

Answer 7

very stable ecosystems allow many complex relationships to develop between species

Question 8

genetic biodiversity

Answer 8

important to measure biological health
without variety population vulnerable

Question 9

ethical reasons for keeping biodiversity

Answer 9

-deny future generations of natural resources
-pleasure for people so dont destroy
-unethical human actions
-

Question 10

biodiversity and genetic variation

Answer 10

develop production of crops livestock and fisheries

Question 11

problems with biodiversity hotspots

Answer 11

where resources are like wood
gas
oil and minerals and people destroy places for resources

Question 12

why is it hard to prioritise areas for conservation

Answer 12

areas of greatest biodiversity are not always same as places with biggest number of endemic species

Question 13

example of stable ecosystems allowing relations between species

Answer 13

area where organisms can grow and reproduce quickly more mutations lead to adaptations so organisms can exploit more niches

Question 14

relative species abundance

Answer 14

the relative number of different types of organisms

Question 15

enviormental changes and biodiversity

Answer 15

when an enviornment has extreme changes the biodiversity is low

Question 16

enviornment with unflled niches and hostile

Answer 16

floods
storms
pathogens

with unfilled niches a new species can come and overpower existing species

Question 16

how is biodiversity not constant

Answer 16

temps vary biodiversity
enviornment
migration
mating season

Question 16

measuring biodiversity within a species

Answer 16

DNA analysis of gene pools of species

Question 17

effect of mutations of gene pools

Answer 17

increase the gene pool by increasing the number of different alleles available

Question 18

allele frequency

Answer 18

the relative frequency of a particular allele in a polulation

Question 19

what happens if a mutation in species is advantageous

Answer 19

the frequency of the allele will increase as that allele is selected

Question 20

what happens if mutation bad in species

Answer 20

natural selection could remove allele from gene pool but usually kept at low frequency until it transfers some benefits

Question 21

effects of change in allele frequency

Answer 21

due to natural selection
may lead to evolution of a new species

Question 22

why are endemic species vulnerable

Answer 22

because they have low genetic diversity so if a disease comes all of them dead

Question 23

why types of arguments do governments prioritise

Answer 23

economic arguments

Question 24

ecosystem services

Answer 24

services provided by the natural enviorment that benefit people

Question 25

provisioning services

Answer 25

ecosystems provide reosurces materials water medicines greater biodiversity is more resources

Question 26

regulating services

Answer 26

ecosystem processes help maintain and regulate environment air quality water quality sewage climate of planet

Question 27

supporting services

Answer 27

soil formation and nutrition for food we eat ecosystems support what we need

Question 28

cultural services

Answer 28

biodiverse and healthy ecosystem important for human health recreation and education economy of country dependent on people coming to see wildlife

Question 29

how can biodiversity effect the economy

Answer 29

floods and fires cost a lot to fix deforestation no food if non sustainable resources are harvested and not replaced industry collapse with ecosystem

Question 30

how loss of biodiversity can effect future economy

Answer 30

reduces chances of finding new drug new food new genes that can be used in crop to benefit it

Question 31

conservation

Answer 31

keeping and protecting a living and changing enviornment

Question 31

process of conservation

Answer 31

projects reclaiming land agriculture systems set up protect single species decrease pollution levels and emissions

Question 32

ex situ conservation

Answer 32

takes place outside their natural habitat

Question 33

example of ex situ conservation

Answer 33

zoos or seed banks

Question 34

in situ conservation

Answer 34

takes place in natural habitat of organism

Question 35

why do ex situ conservations exist

Answer 35

when an organism threatened there is no time to keep them in their natural habitat taken out to increase chance of survival

Question 36

what does ex situ conservation enable

Answer 36

at worst their genetic material is conserved at best a breeding population can be returned to their natural habitat

Question 37

way of maintaninng long term health of crop plants

Answer 37

crossbreeding plants using wild plants to supply genes for genetic engineering

Question 38

plants in ex situ

Answer 38

they can be cleaned and frozen which maintains them to germinate for about 200 years

Question 39

problems with plants in ex situ

Answer 39

some seeds of species dont store well field gene banks take up a lot of time and space

Question 40

tissue cultures to conserve plants

Answer 40

takes time and place allows more variety to be conserved

Question 41

why cant you always conserve animals in the wild

Answer 41

because the conditions that put them under threat continue

Question 42

captive breeding programmes

Answer 42

endangered species are bred in zoos and parks to save species reintroduce bred animals to wild to restore population

Question 43

problems with captive breeding

Answer 43

no enough space for resources in zoos for all threatened species -hard to get right condiitons for breeding -when population small gene pool is reduced- zoos keep detailed records of genetic information

Question 44

problems with reintroduction

Answer 44

- to wild can be not good unless reason for species going extinct is removed -animals in captivity cant adjust to wild -expensive and time consuming and can fail

Question 45

cross species cloning

Answer 45

cloning of animals using closely related species as surrogate mothers

Question 46

whats the primary conservation strategy

Answer 46

in situ conservation in their natural habitat

Question 47

problems with conservation

Answer 47

when land set aside conflict with people -money to maintain area -

Question 48

sustainable forestry

Answer 48

where people cut trees plant trees and replant so biodiversity maintained while people use forest for money

Question 49

sustainable agriculture

Answer 49

use organic fertilisers no chemical presticides biological pest control avoid soil becoming exhausted cheaper in long term than using chemicals