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biology topic 3 classification > classification key terms > Flashcards

classification key terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

morphological species model

A

species definiton based solely on appearance of organisms observed

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2
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

lots of difference between appearance of male and female of a species

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3
Q

molecular phylogeny

A

analysis of genetic material of organisms to establish their evolutionary relationships

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4
Q

ecological species model

A

species definition based on ecological niche occupied by an organism

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5
Q

mate recognition species model

A

species definition based on unique fertilisation systems including mating behaviour

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6
Q

genetics species model

A

species model based on DNA evidence

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7
Q

evolutionary species model

A

species model based on shared evolution between groups of organisms

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8
Q

DNA sequencing

A

process by which bases sequences of all or part of genome of organism is worked out

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9
Q

DNA profiling

A

process by which non coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns

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10
Q

bioinformatics

A

development of tech to analyse information
development of algorithms
mathematical tools
stat tests

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11
Q

endosymbiont

A

organism that lives inside cells or body of another organism

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12
Q

protoctista

A

kingdom of five kingdom classification system that contains all single celled organisms
green
brown
algae
slime moulds

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13
Q

monera

A

kingdom in all five kingdom classification thats contains eubacteria and archea

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14
Q

extremophiles

A

bacteria that can survive extreme conditions of heat cold PH salinity and pressure

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15
Q

heterotrophs

A

organisms that cant make own food and have to eat other organisms

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16
Q

autotrophs

A

make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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17
Q

gel electrophoresis

A

method of separating fragments of proteins or nucleic acids based on their electrical charge and size

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18
Q

natural selection

A

process by which organisms are best adapted to survive a particular enviornment to make fertile offspring

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19
Q

genotype

A

genetic make up of an organism with respect to particular feature

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20
Q

phenotypes

A

physical traits expressed as result of organisms genotype with enviorment

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21
Q

allele

A

version of a gene

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22
Q

ecology

A

study of interactions of organisms with each other and with enviorment which they live in

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23
Q

niche

A

role of organism in habitat it lives in

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24
Q

anatomical adaptation

A

adaptation involving form and structure of organism

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25
Q

physiological adaptation

A

adaptation they way body works
biochemical pathways and enzymes

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26
Q

behavioural adaptations

A

adaptation involved in programmed or instinctive behaviour making organism better adapted for survival

27
Q

biodiversity

A

measure of variety in organisms and their genetic differences

28
Q

evolution

A

process by which natural selection acts on variation to bring about adaptations and eventually speciation

29
Q

taxonomy

A

science of describing
classifying and naming living organisms

30
Q

morphology

A

study of form and structure of organisms

31
Q

analagous features

A

features that look or act similar but not of same biological origin

32
Q

homologous features

A

structures that show same biological ancestry

33
Q

domains

A

three largest clasisfication categories

34
Q

kingdom

A

classification category smaller than domains

35
Q

species

A

closely related organisms able of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

36
Q

selection pressure

A

pressure by changed enviornment or niche on species causing change in population due to natural selection

37
Q

industrial melanism

A

evolution of dark coloured organisms because of human pollution

38
Q

directional selection

A

natural selection showing change from one dominant phenotype to another as a response to change in surroundings

39
Q

gene pool

A

all of the alleles of all the genes in a population

40
Q

resistant bacterium

A

not affected by a antibiotic

41
Q

speciation

A

formation of new species

42
Q

hybridisation

A

producing offspring between two different species

43
Q

geographical isolation

A

physical barrier like mountain

44
Q

ecological isolation

A

part of one specie prefers part of habitat over other

45
Q

seasonal isolation

A

when timing of mating and reproducing grows apart between one specie

46
Q

behavioural isolation

A

when mating patterns change

47
Q

mechanical isolation

A

when mutation causes genetials of organism to change so no offspring

48
Q

allopatric speciaiton

A

when populations are physically or geographyically seperated so no reproduction of gene pool cross between organisms

49
Q

endemic

A

species only in one area

50
Q

adaptive radiation

A

when one species rapidly evolved to make a number of different species that have different niches

51
Q

marsurpials

A

mammals that give birth to young offspring and protect them in pouches

52
Q

monotremes

A

lay eggs and feed offspring from mammary glands
primitive mammals

53
Q

placental mammals

A

baby in uterus

54
Q

sympatric speciation

A

when population of species live in same place but become repdocution isolated by mechanical behavioural or seaosnal and gene flow continues

55
Q

species richness

A

number of different species in area

56
Q

biodiversity hotspot

A

area with high levels of biodiversity

57
Q

relative species abundance

A

relative number of species in an area

58
Q

allele frequency

A

frequency of particular allele in population

59
Q

genetic diversity

A

measure of level of difference in genetic make up of population

60
Q

ecosystem services

A

services provided by natural surroundings that benefit people

61
Q

conservation

A

maintaining and protecting living and changing enviornment

62
Q

ex situ conservation

A

conservation of living organisms outside of natural habitat

63
Q

in situ conservation

A

conservation of ecosystems and natural habitat with in natural habitat and organisms

biology topic 3 classification (7 decks)

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