classification key terms

Question 1

morphological species model

Answer 1

species definiton based solely on appearance of organisms observed

Question 2

sexual dimorphism

Answer 2

lots of difference between appearance of male and female of a species

Question 3

molecular phylogeny

Answer 3

analysis of genetic material of organisms to establish their evolutionary relationships

Question 4

ecological species model

Answer 4

species definition based on ecological niche occupied by an organism

Question 5

mate recognition species model

Answer 5

species definition based on unique fertilisation systems including mating behaviour

Question 6

genetics species model

Answer 6

species model based on DNA evidence

Question 7

evolutionary species model

Answer 7

species model based on shared evolution between groups of organisms

Question 8

DNA sequencing

Answer 8

process by which bases sequences of all or part of genome of organism is worked out

Question 9

DNA profiling

Answer 9

process by which non coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns

Question 10

bioinformatics

Answer 10

development of tech to analyse information
development of algorithms
mathematical tools
stat tests

Question 11

endosymbiont

Answer 11

organism that lives inside cells or body of another organism

Question 12

protoctista

Answer 12

kingdom of five kingdom classification system that contains all single celled organisms
green
brown
algae
slime moulds

Question 13

monera

Answer 13

kingdom in all five kingdom classification thats contains eubacteria and archea

Question 14

extremophiles

Answer 14

bacteria that can survive extreme conditions of heat cold PH salinity and pressure

Question 15

heterotrophs

Answer 15

organisms that cant make own food and have to eat other organisms

Question 16

autotrophs

Answer 16

make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Question 17

gel electrophoresis

Answer 17

method of separating fragments of proteins or nucleic acids based on their electrical charge and size

Question 18

natural selection

Answer 18

process by which organisms are best adapted to survive a particular enviornment to make fertile offspring

Question 19

genotype

Answer 19

genetic make up of an organism with respect to particular feature

Question 20

phenotypes

Answer 20

physical traits expressed as result of organisms genotype with enviorment

Question 21

allele

Answer 21

version of a gene

Question 22

ecology

Answer 22

study of interactions of organisms with each other and with enviorment which they live in

Question 23

niche

Answer 23

role of organism in habitat it lives in

Question 24

anatomical adaptation

Answer 24

adaptation involving form and structure of organism

Question 25

physiological adaptation

Answer 25

adaptation they way body works biochemical pathways and enzymes

Question 26

behavioural adaptations

Answer 26

adaptation involved in programmed or instinctive behaviour making organism better adapted for survival

Question 27

biodiversity

Answer 27

measure of variety in organisms and their genetic differences

Question 28

evolution

Answer 28

process by which natural selection acts on variation to bring about adaptations and eventually speciation

Question 29

taxonomy

Answer 29

science of describing classifying and naming living organisms

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

study of form and structure of organisms

Question 31

analagous features

Answer 31

features that look or act similar but not of same biological origin

Question 32

homologous features

Answer 32

structures that show same biological ancestry

Question 33

domains

Answer 33

three largest clasisfication categories

Question 34

kingdom

Answer 34

classification category smaller than domains

Question 35

species

Answer 35

closely related organisms able of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

Question 36

selection pressure

Answer 36

pressure by changed enviornment or niche on species causing change in population due to natural selection

Question 37

industrial melanism

Answer 37

evolution of dark coloured organisms because of human pollution

Question 38

directional selection

Answer 38

natural selection showing change from one dominant phenotype to another as a response to change in surroundings

Question 39

gene pool

Answer 39

all of the alleles of all the genes in a population

Question 40

resistant bacterium

Answer 40

not affected by a antibiotic

Question 41

speciation

Answer 41

formation of new species

Question 42

hybridisation

Answer 42

producing offspring between two different species

Question 43

geographical isolation

Answer 43

physical barrier like mountain

Question 44

ecological isolation

Answer 44

part of one specie prefers part of habitat over other

Question 45

seasonal isolation

Answer 45

when timing of mating and reproducing grows apart between one specie

Question 46

behavioural isolation

Answer 46

when mating patterns change

Question 47

mechanical isolation

Answer 47

when mutation causes genetials of organism to change so no offspring

Question 48

allopatric speciaiton

Answer 48

when populations are physically or geographyically seperated so no reproduction of gene pool cross between organisms

Question 49

endemic

Answer 49

species only in one area

Question 50

adaptive radiation

Answer 50

when one species rapidly evolved to make a number of different species that have different niches

Question 51

marsurpials

Answer 51

mammals that give birth to young offspring and protect them in pouches

Question 52

monotremes

Answer 52

lay eggs and feed offspring from mammary glands primitive mammals

Question 53

placental mammals

Answer 53

baby in uterus

Question 54

sympatric speciation

Answer 54

when population of species live in same place but become repdocution isolated by mechanical behavioural or seaosnal and gene flow continues

Question 55

species richness

Answer 55

number of different species in area

Question 56

biodiversity hotspot

Answer 56

area with high levels of biodiversity

Question 57

relative species abundance

Answer 57

relative number of species in an area

Question 58

allele frequency

Answer 58

frequency of particular allele in population

Question 59

genetic diversity

Answer 59

measure of level of difference in genetic make up of population

Question 60

ecosystem services

Answer 60

services provided by natural surroundings that benefit people

Question 61

conservation

Answer 61

maintaining and protecting living and changing enviornment

Question 62

ex situ conservation

Answer 62

conservation of living organisms outside of natural habitat

Question 63

in situ conservation

Answer 63

conservation of ecosystems and natural habitat with in natural habitat and organisms