Speciation : Population Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Founder Effect? impact on genetic variation?

A

When a small group of individuals emigrate from a population or become geographically isolated from their original population (decreased genetic variation)

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2
Q

Bottleneck Effect?

A

Sudden dramatic reduction in the size of a population (environmental/human activity) resulting in a significant reduction in a gene pool and genetic variation between individuals in a population

(large impact on small populations –> risk of extinction)

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3
Q

What is Genetic flow?

A

When alleles move from one population to another via an individual migrating in/out of a population.

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4
Q

What is Genetic Variation?

A

The difference in alleles in the gene pool of a population.

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5
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

When populations of organisms are subjected to selection pressures and individuals with favourable alleles that make them best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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6
Q

What is Genetic Drift?

A

Random changes in the frequency of alleles within a population over time due to chance rather than natural selection.

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7
Q

What is Sexual Selection?

A

A type of natural selection where members of one sex choose mates of the opposite sex based on phenotypic features.

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