Speciation and Evolution

Question 1

Macroevolution

Answer 1

Large- Scale evolutionary change.

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A distinct type of organisms.

Question 3

Biological Species

Answer 3

A population, or group of populations, whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 4

Gene Pool

Answer 4

All of the genes and their alleles in a population.

Question 5

Hybrid(genetics)

Answer 5

Producing a mix offspring for one or more traits.

Question 6

Ecological Isolation

Answer 6

A difference in habitat

Question 7

Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation

Answer 7

Separation of species due to factors that prevent formation of a zygote.

Question 8

Temporal Isolation

Answer 8

Two species that share a habitat will not mate if they aren’t active at different times a day of or reach reproductive maturity at different times a year.

Question 9

Behavorial Isolation

Answer 9

Behavioral Differences may prevent two closely related species from mating.

Question 10

Mechanical Isolation

Answer 10

Any change in the shape of the gamete delivering or receiving structures may prevent groups from inbreeding.

Question 11

Gametic Isolation

Answer 11

If a sperm cannot fertilize an egg then no reproduction will occur.

Question 12

Hybrid In viabililty

Answer 12

A hybrid embryo may die before reaching reproductive maturity, since the hybrid offspring cannot reproduce, the gene pools of the parent species remain isolated from one another.

Question 13

Hybrid Infertility

Answer 13

Some hybrids are infertile.

Question 14

Hybrid Breakdown

Answer 14

Some Species produce hybrid offspring that are fertile. The strong selective pressure against hybrid offspring limits gene flow between two mosquito species.

Question 15

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 15

Formation of new species after a physical barrier separates a population into groups that cannot interbreed.

Question 16

Parapatry Speciation

Answer 16

Formation of new species when part of the population enters a habitat bordering the parent species range, and the two groups become reproductively separated.

Question 17

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 17

Formation of a new species within habitat boundaries of parent species.

Question 18

Polyploid

Answer 18

Cells with extra chromosome set.

Question 19

Gradualism

Answer 19

Theory that proposes that evolutionary change occurs gradually, in a series of small steps.

Question 20

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 20

Theory that life’s history has been catechized by burst of rapid evolution irrupting long periods of little change.