Specialty Radiography #6 Flashcards
A radiologic exam of the central nervous system, structures situated within the vertebral canal is what?
Myelograms; caused by herniated disk, bine fragments, cysts or tumors
- Most common is HNP
- Uses Nonionic, water-soluble contrast
Where does the spinal cord end and what is it called?
L1-L2, Conus meduaris
- 18” to 20” long
- Connects to 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Where does most pathology and trauma occur in the spine cord?
The cervical and lumbar
Name the meninges?
Pia mater= inner sheath
Subarachnoid Space= wide space separating arachnoid from pia mater
Arachnoid= delicate, central sheath
Dura mater= outer most sheath
Subdural Space= separates dura from arachnoid space
Where is CSF contained? And where is it produced?
1) Contained in the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
2) Produced in ventricles
What meninges do not communicate with the ventricular system?
Subdural Space
What are the contraindications of Myelograms?
Blood within CSF, Arachnoiditis (Inflammation), Increased intracranial pressure, Recent lumbar puncture within 2 weeks
How many hours for a hazy effect and when nonionic, water-soluble contrast is undetectable for myelograms?
1) 4-5 hrs for hazy effect
2) 24 hrs for undetectable
For a myelogram, contrast is injected where?
L2-L3 or L3-L4, Cisternia Magna between C1 and the occipital bone
- It’s a Intrathecal injection
- Most common contrast used is Isovue and Omnipaque
What position is the patient in for a Lumbar Myelogram?
* 9 to 12 mL of contrast injected in the subarachnoid space *
Prone or Lateral and slightly trendelenburg to widen interspinous space, if prone place a pillow or towels under patient to flex spine
After a myelogram patient is monitored 4-6 hrs with head and shoulder elevated 30-45 degrees as well as avoid strenuous activity for 72 hrs, True or False?
True
Myelogram demonstrates?
Deformity in subarachnoid space
What radiologic exam, examines for soft tissue structures of joints after injection of 1 or 2 contrast agents into capsular space?
Arthrograms
What has reduced the numbers of arthrograms?
MRI
What is the most frequent site for an arthrogram?
Shoulder
*Knee, Hip, Wrist, TMJ
Baker’s cyst located where?
Popliteal cyst, nontrauma
Contrast is injected where for an arthrogram of the knee?
Retropatellar, lateral or medial approach
Contrast is injected where for an arthrogram of the wrist?
Dorsal wrist at articulation of radius, scaphoid, and lunate
* 1.5 to 4 mL of contrast
Hip arthrograms are often performed on children, True or False?
True, evaluates congenital hip dislocation before and after treatment
* For an adult, detects loose hip prosthesis
Arthrograms, the subtraction technique is needed for what exam?
When a patient has a prosthesis
*Barium sulfate is added to the cement
Contrast is injected where for an arthrogram of the hip?
3/4” distal to inguinal crease and 3/4” lateral to palpated femoral pulse
* Spinal needle is needed
Contrast is injected where for an arthrogram of the shoulder?
1/2” inferior and lateral to coracoid process
* Spinal needle recommended
What arthrogram exam can use either single or double contrast methods?
Shoulder
- Single= 10 to 12 mL of contrast
- Double= 3 to 4 mL of contrast and 10 to 12 mL of air
What would follow a double contrast arthrogram shoulder?
CT, images obtained at 5 mm intervals
