Alternative Radiographic Procedures and Medical Devices #4

Question 1

Cholegraphy means?

Answer 1

Study of the biliary system

Question 2

Cholecystography means?

Answer 2

Investigation of the gallbladder

Question 3

Cholangiography means?

Answer 3

Study of the biliary ducts

Question 4

Patency means?

Answer 4

Openness; the condition of not being blocked

Question 5

What is a preoperative exam that is used to place a drainage catheter for treatment of obstructive jaundice and used for dilated ductal system?

Answer 5

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)

Utilizes a chiba or skinny needle

Question 6

What is a postoperative exam that is performed with a T-shaped (only placed during an open surgical procedure) or pigtail-shaped (which requires laparoscopic; placed percutaneously) catheter left in the common hepatic and common bile ducts for drainage?

Answer 6

Postoperative (T-Tube) Cholangiography

Question 7

What exam demonstrates the caliber and patency of ducts using water-soluble iodinated contrast with density no more than 25% to 30%?

Answer 7

Postoperative (T-Tube) Cholangiography

• Drainage tube is clamped the day before
• NPO for 8 hrs, cleaning enema 1 hr before exam
• Patient in RPO position

Question 8

What exam is used to diagnose biliary and pancreatic pathology by a fiberoptic endoscope inserted through the mouth into the duodenum to inject contrast in the common bile duct?

Answer 8

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiooancreatography (ERCP)

• Contrast Drains within 5 mins*
• NPO 1 hr after and food up to 10hrs after

Question 9

ERCP can also be a therapeutic procedure, True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

In the lungs, fluid accumulates at the base at the 5th to 6th intercostal space at midaxillary and air rises to the 2nd to 3rd intercostal space at midclavicle, what tubing would help drain?

Answer 10

Thoracostomy or Intrapleural tubes

• Attaches to a water-sealed drainage unit containing sterile water or saline*
• Tube must stay below water level to maintain a seal*

Question 11

Lungs fail to expand or collapse with negative pressure which can result from what?

Answer 11

Pneumothorax= Air in the thoracic cavity
Hemothorax= Blood in the thoracic cavity
Pleural effusion= Fluid
Empyema= Closed air sacs

Question 12

A mediastinal drain is used when?

Answer 12

After cardiac surgery for residual blood

Question 13

Endotracheal tube prevents aspiration of foreign objects being inserted through the mouth into he trachea or through the tracheostomy, True or False?

Answer 13

True

• Correct placement is 5 to 7 cm above carina*
• 20% of them require repositioning *
• Too far collapses the left lung, too high air goes into the stomach which could lead to aspiration pneumonia*

Question 14

Tracheostomy is generally performed with patients intubated longer than 1-3 weeks or patients with upper airway obstruction, True or False?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Central Venous Catheters is used for?

Answer 15

Long-term medication administration
Frequent blood transfusion
Hyperosmolar solutions
Total parenteral nutrition
Partial parenteral nutrition

Question 16

Hickman or Broviac are known as what type of catheter?

Answer 16

Tunnel Type, has more than one lumen with several access ports

Question 17

What type of catheter would be used for a patient under going chemotherapy?

Answer 17

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

Question 18

What catheter would be used for frequent intravenous medication or transfusions that needs a Huber needle for access?

Answer 18

Implanted Port

Question 19

What type of feeding tube pass into the duodenum by peristalsis?

Answer 19

Nasoenteric Tube

Question 20

Name some common NG tubes?

Answer 20

Levin= Single lumen with holes near tip
Sump tube= double lumen; second is referred as pigtail, blue extension
Nutriflex= Primarily for feeding, Mercury weighted tip
Moss tube= Triple lumen; one has an inflatable balloon to the stomach, second is for aspiration of fluids, third is for duodenal feeding
Sengstaken-Blakmore (S_B Tube)= Triple lumen; two of them with balloons for bleeding in the esophageal, third is for lavage and monitors hemorrhage * ICU patients*

Question 21

What are the most common NE tubes?

Answer 21

Cantor= Single lumen
Harris= Single lumen
Miller-Abbott= double lumen; one for intestinal decompression, second is for introduction of mercury after insertion

Question 22

Entriflex or Dobhoff tubes are narrow lumen NE tubes that are thinner and more flexible then NG tubes, True or False?

Answer 22

True, Not used with suction and can stay in for a longer period of time. Position in the 3rd portion of the duodenum.

Question 23

What is the most common G-tube?

Answer 23

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy

• Inserted through small intestines into the stomach or jejunum*
• Endoscopy procedure, surgery*

Question 24

Defecogram is also known as what?

Answer 24

Defecography, Evaluation proctography, Dynamic Rectal Exam

*Images are taken at 1 to 2 per second