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TxPlan/MedComplex/SpecNeeds > SpecialNeedsFinal > Flashcards

SpecialNeedsFinal Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as a long lasting health condition that limits a person’s ability to see or hear, physical activity of mental capabilities?

A

Impairment

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2
Q

What is defined as personal limitations that representt a substantial disadvantage when attempting to function in society?

A

Disability

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3
Q

What is defined as a group of malformations, deformations and malformation sequences, etc. that occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause?

A

Syndrome

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4
Q

What is defined as A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills that originates before the age of 18?

A

Intellectual Disability

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5
Q

Intellectual disability is defined as originating before WHAT AGE?

A

18

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6
Q

What is the MOST COMMON developmental disability and how many people are affected by it?

A

intellectual disability…6.2-7.5 million people

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7
Q

What % of people with intellectual disability have MILD impairment?

A

87%

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8
Q

What is the usual cause of an intellectual disability?

A

it is usually unknown

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9
Q

Developmental Disabilities: often occur in the _______ period and manifest before age ___.

A

developmental…22

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10
Q

Developmental Disabilities: Often present at ______

A

BIRTH

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11
Q

Developmental Disabilities: What are the 4 types?

A

1.Intellectual Disability 2.Cerebral Palsy 3.Epilepsy 4.Autism

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12
Q

Instead of saying birth defect, we say

A

congenital disability

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13
Q

Informed consent is grounded in the principle of patient ________

A

autonomy

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14
Q

What is the process of communication
between a doctor and patient in which a patient grants
permission for the proposed treatment?

A

informed consent

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15
Q

What are 2 examples of acceptable witnesses to informed consent?

A

1.dental staff 2.NON-relative to patient

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16
Q

How many titles are there of the ADA and which one is most relevant to dentists? What year was the ADA passed?

A

5 titles…. Title III is relevant because we are preforming a public service..1990

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17
Q

Wheelchair accessibility: Minimum width of hall and passageways is ___ feet for wheelchair to pass through.

A

3 feet

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18
Q

Wheelchair accessibility: Need at least __ feet (in diameter ) circle to turn a wheel chair around

A

5 feet

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19
Q

Wheelchair accessibility: Best to treat patient in WHICH CHAIR?? if possible…

A

the DENTAL CHAIR

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20
Q

Behavioral Hx: 1. Ability to _______

A

communicate

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21
Q

Behavioral Hx: 2. Reactions to sensory ______ such as noise, touch, and light

A

stimuli

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22
Q

Behavioral Hx: 3. Stereotypic _______

A

behaviors

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23
Q

Behavioral Hx: 4. Previous _______/______ experiences?

A

dental/medical

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24
Q

What protocol is this??? Need to identify type and likelihood of risk associated with the specific dental procedure…

A

Risk Assessment

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25
Q

Medical Consult: To request _______ when signs of systemic disease are discovered in the dental office (i.e. hypertension, syncope)

A

EVALUATION

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26
Q

Medical Consult: To request specific __________ necessary for appropriate treatment modifications.

A

information

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27
Q

Medical Consult: To determine whether or not providing dental treatment is _______, given patient’s health conditions

A

prudent

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28
Q

Medical Consult: To request a _______ in patient’s therapy in order to benefit oral health

A

CHANGE

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29
Q

Medical Consult: IS NOT!!!!! clearance or __________ for treatment!!!!

A

permission

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30
Q

What is the MOST COMMON malformation syndrome?

A

Downs Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

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31
Q

In Trisomy 21: What is the typical range of intellectual disability? What is the average IQ?

A

moderate to severe…50

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32
Q

What % of people with Downs Syndrome have congenital heart defects?

A

40-50%

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33
Q

People with Down Syndrome may have Impaired _______ – specifically, impaired _______ function

A

immunity…NEUTROPHIL

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34
Q

What % of people with Down Syndrome have hypothyroidism?

A

16-20%

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35
Q

In people with Trisomy 21: ______ anomalies are common

A

AIRWAY

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36
Q

What % of people with Trisomy 21 have atlanto-axial instability?

A

14%

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37
Q

Dental characteristics of Trisomy 21: Which teeth present as missing or peg-shaped?

A

lateral incisors

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38
Q

Oral Findings of Trisomy 21:  Maxillary _______ (frequently resulting in crowding and/or impactions)

A

hypoplasia

39
Q

Oral Findings of Trisomy 21: Class ____ malocclusion

A

III

40
Q

Oral Findings of Trisomy 21:  Anomalies in tooth number and morphology (_________)

A

taurodontism

41
Q

Oral Findings of Trisomy 21: Increased incidence of _______ disease, may present as early as ________

A

periodontal…childhood!

42
Q

Oral Findings of Trisomy 21: Relative ________ (because of maxillary hypoplasia)

A

macroglossia

43
Q

_________ is a chronic disorder of movement or coordination, caused by injury to the immature brain during the prenatal or perinatal period

A

Cerebral Palsy

44
Q

CP is a developmental disability characterized by damage to the ______ areas in the developing brain.

A

motor

45
Q

CP is a ______ encephalopathy; that is, the original brain lesion DOES NOT PROGRESS or enlarge

A

STATIC

46
Q

What type of CP is characterized by increased muscle tone, tightness, and stiff-jerky movements? What % of cases?

A

Spastic….70-80 %

47
Q

What type of CP is characterized by Low muscle tone, loose-uncontrolled body movement? What % of cases?

A

Dyskinetic….10-15%

48
Q

Which type of CP is characterized by affected balance and depth perception? What % of cases?

A

Ataxic… less than 5%

49
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: _________ infections

A

intrauterine

50
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: Maternal exposure to toxic or _______ agents

A

teratogenic

51
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: Material abdominal _______

A

trauma

52
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: if the mom gives multiple _____

A

births

53
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: These hyper CNS events…

A

seizures

54
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: Premature birth (____)

A

less than 32 weeks

55
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: Low birth weight (less than _____g or ___lbs)

A

2500g (5.5 lbs)

56
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: Intracranial ________

A

hemorrhage

57
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: _______ and/or bradycardia

A

Hypoxia

58
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy: Hyper_______emia

A

hyperbillirubemia

59
Q

WHAT IS An umbrella term used for a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal or voluntary muscles which control movement?

A

Muscular Dystrophy

60
Q

In Muscular Dystrophy, which type of muscle may or may not be involved?

A

cardiac/other involuntary muscle

61
Q

These are all under the umbrella term of ________: Duchenne, Becker, Fascioscapulohumeral, Emery-Dreyfus, Limb-girdle, Myotonic, Congenital

A

muscular dystrophy

62
Q

Are muscular dystrophy oral characteristics progressive?

A

yes

63
Q

Muscular Dystrophy – Oral Characteristics: Anterior _______ , ______glossia, and/or (term for excessive saliva)

A

open bite, macroglossia, sialorreha

64
Q

Muscular Dystrophy – Oral Characteristics: ________ of maxillary and mandibular arches

A

EXPANSION

65
Q

Muscular Dystrophy – Oral Characteristics: Similar to CP – patients with gait problems are at increase risk for dental ______

A

trauma

66
Q

What type of seizure? Brief, shock like jerk of muscle or groups of muscles, Affects neck, shoulders, upper arms, body and upper legs, Duration

A

MYO-CLONIC

67
Q

What are the two AntiConvulsant meds we discussed with oral complications?

A

Phenytoin and Carbamazepine

68
Q

Phenytoin Oral Side effects: Gingival ________, Scrupulous dental care, visits every ___ months, Consider the use of chlorhexidine and _______ rinses…Severe cases require surgical reduction

A

hyperplasia…3 months, folic acid

69
Q

Carbamazepine: ________ and stomatitis with increased caries, Consider use of topical _______ to reduce incidence of caries

A

XEROSTOMIA…flouride

70
Q

Patients with seizures can receive dental treatment when they are rare: less than _____ / year

A

1x/year

71
Q

If a seizure last longer than 5 minutes or is repetitive, it is _________

A

status epilepticus

72
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is what type of inheritance? What type of collagen synthesis is affected?

A

Autosomal Dominant…Type I Collagen

73
Q

Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome is what type of inheritance?….Commonly found in old order ______ population due to the “founder effect”

A

Autosomal Recessive..Amish

74
Q

Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome is AKA ___________ Dysplasia

A

Chondroectodermal

75
Q

What is responsible for the LARGEST PERCENTAGE OF BIRTH DEFECTS?

A

Multifactorial Inheritance

76
Q

These three disorders are a result of ________: Asthma, Coronary Artery disease, Alzheimer Disease

A

multifactorial inheritance

77
Q

What is the common presentation with all of these syndromes? Crouzon Syndrome  Apert Syndrome
 Pfeiffer Syndrome

A

CRANIO-SYNO-TOSIS

78
Q

Which syndrome? Abnormal skull shape, Ocular hypertelorism, proptosis, beaked nose  Obstructive apnea…WHAT TYPE OF INHERITANCE IS IT?

A

CROU-ZON…Autosomal Dominant

79
Q

Autism is diagnosed based on _______

A

BEHAVIOR

80
Q

Etiology of Autism is currently ________; however many theories exist: Genetic, Neurotransmitter defect ________, Infection, Metabolic error, Immunologic disorder, Environmental (exposure to toxins in utero or early childhood)

A

UNKNOWN….seratonin

81
Q

What % of people with Autism also have intellectual disability?

A

70%

82
Q

What % of people with Autism also have seizure disorders?

A

30%

83
Q

_______ is diagnosed when there is sufficient severity to interfere with daily functioning!

A

dementia

84
Q

What % range of dementia is considered Alzheimers Disease?

A

40-65%

85
Q

What is the prevalence of Alzheimers Disease in people over 85 years old???

A

47%. holy shit.

86
Q

What is the average life span of people with AD?

A

8-10 years (range 3-20 years)

87
Q

_______ program: Purpose is to investigate and resolve complaints of residents of nursing facilities, board and care facilities, and other adult care homes

A

Ombudsman

88
Q

Elder abuse affects an estimated ____ million older Americans, but some estimates can say its __x that amount…

A

2.1 million…5x

89
Q

A dentist who fails to report elder abuse can be guilty of a class ___ misdemeanor

A

class 1

90
Q

_________ is the most prevalent unmet health

need among children with special health care needs.*

A

dental care

91
Q

Combination of _______ status & membership in an underserved racial or ethnic group associated with a greater magnitude of disparity in all 3 areas.”

A

disability

92
Q

What does WISH stand for?

A

W: Wound healing ability, I:Immune strength S:Stress toleration, H: Hemostasis

93
Q

What are the three types of consent?

A

Explicit, Implied, Specific

94
Q

Which type of consent is needed for Dental extractions, implants or bone recontouring?

A

Specific

TxPlan/MedComplex/SpecNeeds (21 decks)

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