MedComplex-Exam 3 Part 2 (NormoAnemia, ) Flashcards
Which type of anemia occurs because of METASTATIC tumor cells damaging or replacing bone marrow stem cells?
Myelo-Ph-This-tic Anemia
What are the 3 types of Normocytic Anemias?
1.Acute Blood Loss 2.Myelophthistic Anemia 3.Aplastic Anemia
What are the 5 cancers that spread to the bone (in order) thus causing Myelo-ph-this-tic anemia? What is the final result of this type of anemia?
1.breast 2.Prostate3.lung4.kidney5.thyroid…FINAL result: PanCytoPenia
What is the main culprit of Aplastic anemia?
Benzene
What is the most common cause of Myelophthistic anemia?
Metastatic Cancer
Causes of DIC: What is the most common cause??
Gram Negative Sepsis
Causes of DIC: What are 7 possible causes for DIC?
1.Trauma 2.Gram-negative sepsis 3.Obstetric emergencies 4.cancer 5.hematapoetic disorder 6.surgery 7.burns
Yes, DIC and artificial heart valves can cause a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia…but what is the TERM for what the cells look like?
Schisto-cytes
What type of anemia (cell shape/structure) is an iron deficiency anemia?
Microcytic anemia
What type of anemia is the result of a mechanical RBC change with an artificial heart valve?
micro-angio-pathic - hemolytic anemia
What is the main cause of intravascular hemolysis?
Mismatched blood transfusion
What is the most common sign you look for in a blood draw for acute blood loss?
Reticulocyte count is elevated
What type of anemia has Tear Drop cells?
Myelophthistic anemia
What are the two possible causes of microangiopathic-hemolytic anemia?
1.artificial heart valve 2. DIC
Hemophilia A is a deficiency of:
Factor VIII…A=A-ight..EIGHT
Hemophilia B is a deficiency of ________ and is also known as ________ disease
Factor IX NINE….Christmas disease
What is the mode of transmission in Hemophilia?
X-linked recessive
What does Hemophilia A cause?? (5)
1.Bleeding 2.Hematoma 3.hemarthritis 4.Eccemosis 5.Purpura
Which is more severe Hemophilia A or B? What is more common?
Hemophilia A is MUCH MORE SEVERE than Hemophilia B…A is 10x more common
What are 3 common infections that Hemophiliacs are susceptible to?
Hep B, Hep C, HIV
***Hemophilia A is a lack of Clotting Factor ____ which is a part of the ______ clotting pathway, therefore you will need to be aware of the _____ test
VIII…..Intrinsic…PTT (partial thromboplastin time)(also, their bleeding time and PT will be normal!)
***Hemophilia B is a lack of Clotting Factor ____ which is a part of the ______ clotting pathway, therefore you will need to be aware of the ____ test.
IX….EXTRINSIC…PT
What two places/cells secrete Von Willebrand Factor?
1.Endothelial cells 2.MegaKaryoCytes
Which clotting factor does vonWillebrand factor bind to and protect?
Factor VIII
What is the most common route for UTI?
It ASCENDS from the vagina to the bladder
What are the two reasons for UTIs to be more common in females?
Shorter urethra and ESTROGEN/PROGESTERONE (relax the smooth muscle of the urinary tract = easier colonization)
What is a complication of acute pyelonephritis seen largely in Diabetics who suffer from repeated UTI’s?
Renal Papillary Necrosis
***Renal papillary necrosis is a complication of acute pyelonephritis seen largely in ________ who suffer from repeated UTI’s…
Diabetics
What is the most feared complication of renal papillary necrosis? The ischemic changes in the renal papillae may cause sloughing of the ________.
renal pyramids
What is the most feared complication of renal papillary necrosis? The necrotic tips of the papillae are sloughed off and discharged into the renal pelvis, usually obstructing the ureter or urethra which can cause ________.
renal colic
***What is the most feared complication of renal papillary necrosis? ___________ can be a late complication due to dilation of the renal pelvis.
Hydronephrosis
What are the two most common reasons for CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE leading to Dialysis and Transplant:
1.Diabetes 2.HyperTensioN
What is the result of complications from immunosuppressive drugs on a transplanted kidney? ***WHAT ARE THE 2 DRUGS THAT CAUSE THIS???
NephroToxicity….1.CycloSporine 2.TAC-Ro-Li-mus
What disease causes the highest recurrence of kidney failure in a transplanted kidney? What is the term for the outcome?
Diabetes…diabetic Glomeruli-Sclerosis
What type of virus is HIV?
An RNA retrovirus
What type of cell does HIV attack?
CD4+ T Cells
What 2 fungi cause the most lung disease in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis jervecii and pneumocystis carinii
Is AIDS a humoral or cell mediated disease?
cell-mediated (humoral cells are fine)
According to the CDC any HIV infected person is considered to have AIDS when their CD4+ cell count is below:
200
How much is the potency and half life of cocaine potentiated when mixed with EtOH?
2x
Extraction of pure alkaloid from cocaine hydrochloride yields a solid form of “_______” called crack
“free base” called crack (more potent)
Which has a longer half-life: cocaine or meth?
meth
What is the key ingredient in meth and where can it be found? (hence the cheapness)..
Ephedrine…kerosine, paint, methanol (wood varnish)
How is crystal meth made?
meth powder put in the refridgerator
What does meth get metabolized into? Is this reversible?
Meth–>amphetamine….NO! Not reversible
Heroin gets VERY quickly gets broken down into which three metabolites?
1.Morphine 2.Codine 3.6-MAM
Tooth erosion from bulimia is on what surface of which arch?
lingual of maxillary
What organisms are most responsible for Nursing caries?
Street Mutans
What is the etiology of pregnancy gingivitis?
Estrogen/hormones
Pathologists do the grading…how many grades are there? What are they?
3….Well differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated
How many stages are there?
4
What does the M in TNM stand for?
Metastasis
What is the only method of making a definitive diagnosis?
histology
