Specialised Cells And Tissues

Question 1

How are erythrocytes specialised for their function?

Answer 1

• Biconcave disc (high SA)

• No nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)

Question 2

How are neutrophils specialised for their function?

Answer 2

• Flexible shape (allows them to engulf foreign particles in phagocytosis)

• Many lysosomes (containing digestive enzymes)

Question 3

How are squamous epithelial cells specialised for their function?

Answer 3

• Very thin (allowing efficient diffusion of gases)

• Joined by interlinking cell membranes and a membrane at their base

Question 4

How are ciliated epithelial cells specialised for their function?

Answer 4

• Have cilia (beat to move mucus that moves particles away)

• Joined by interlinking cell membranes and a membrane at their base

Question 5

How are sperm cells specialised for their function?

Answer 5

• Have a flagellum (movement to swim to the egg)

• Lots of mitochondria (provide energy to swim)

• Acrosome contains digestive enzymes (to penetrate the surface of the egg)

Question 6

How are palisade cells specialised for their function?

Answer 6

• Contain many chloroplasts (absorbing lots of sunlight)

• Walls are thin (carbon dioxide can easily diffuse into it)

Question 7

How are root hair cells specialised for their function?

Answer 7

• Large SA (absorption)

• Thin, permeable cell wall (entry of water ions)

• Extra mitochondria (energy for active transport)

Question 8

How are guard cells specialised for their function?

Answer 8

• Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls (forcing them to bend outwards, opening the stomata)

Question 9

What are four examples of tissues in animals?

Answer 9

• Squamous epithelium

• Ciliated epithelium

• Muscle tissues

• Cartilage

Question 10

How is cartilage formed?

Answer 10

• Cells called chondroblasts secrete an extracellular matrix containing protein fibres

• Cells become trapped inside

Question 11

What are two examples of plant tissues?

Answer 11

• Xylem tissue

• Phloem tissue

Question 12

Describe the structure of xylem tissue.

Answer 12

• Hollow xylem vessel cells (dead)

• Parenchyma cells (living)

Question 13

What are the functions of xylem tissue?

Answer 13

• Transports water

• Supports the plant

Question 14

Describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Answer 14

• Sieve cells (end walls with holes, end walls are called sieve plates)

• Companion cells

• Ordinary plant cell

Question 15

What is the function of phloem tissue?

Answer 15

• Transporting sugar around the plant