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Biology A Level - Cells > Specialised Cells > Flashcards

Specialised Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the key features of a red blood cells?

A
  • biocave disc
  • haemoglobin
  • elastic membrane
  • has no nucleus
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2
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

it transports oxygen around the body

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3
Q

How does the biocave disc supports the function of a red blood cell?

A

the shape increases the suface area for diffusion so more oxygen can be absorbed

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4
Q

How does there being no nucleus support the function of a red blood cell?

A

it leaves more space for the haemoglob which carries the oxygen

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5
Q

How does the elastic membrane the function of a red blood cell?

A

makes it flexible in order for it to move through narrow blood vessels like the capillary

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6
Q

What is the function of the haemoglobin?

A

it binds to the oxygen molecules

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7
Q

What are the key features of a neutrophil?

A
  • lysosome
  • phagosome
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8
Q

How are neutrophil’s adapted for their function?

A
  • has a large amount of lysosome which secretes hydrolitic enzymes which break down pathogens
  • contains phagosomes engulf pathogens
  • it is flexible which means that it can fit into the capillaries and mold to the shape of its target
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9
Q

What is the function of an neurophil?

A

it engulf and digests pathogens

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10
Q

What are the key features of a sperm cell?

A
  • flagella
  • acrosomes
  • mitochondria
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11
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A
  • fuse with the egg cell in order to develope an embryo
  • carries father’s gene
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12
Q

How does the flagella supports the function of a sperm cell?

A

the flagella allows them to swim through the vaginal canal towards the egg

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13
Q

How does the mitochondria supports the function of a sperm cell?

A

it contains a lot of mitochonria which supplies energy to compet with other sperms cells in order to get to the egg cell

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14
Q

How does the acrosome supports the function of a sperm cell?

A

it contains with digestive enzymes which will break down the egg’s cell membrane so it can fertalise it

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15
Q

What are the key features of a root hair cell?

A
  • thin walls
  • vacuole
  • mitochondria
  • root hair
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16
Q

What is the function of the root hair cell?

A

it absorbs water and minerals from the soil for plants

17
Q

How does the root hair support the function of the root hair cell?

A

it increases the surface area for osmosis (absorption of water)

18
Q

How does the thin walls support the function of the root hair cell?

A

it creates a short diffusion path for the minerals and water, which allows them to move quickly

19
Q

How does the vacuole support the function of the root hair cell?

A

it contains sap which is more concentrated than the soil water. this maintains a concentration gradient for fast activ transport

20
Q

How does the mitochondria support the function of the root hair cell?

A

it supplies enough energy for active transport

21
Q

why do root hair cells have no chloroplast

A

they’re underground so there is no light for the chlorophyll to collect for photosynthesis

22
Q

What are the key features of the ciliated epithelium

A
  • cilia
  • goblet cells
23
Q

What is the function of the ciliated epithelium?

A

it moves substances across the surface of a tissue

24
Q

How does the cilia support the function of the ciliated epithelium?

A

it is a hair like structure that beat in the coordinated way in order to push substances across the epithelium tissue

25
Q

How does the goblet cell support the function of the ciliated epithelium?

A

it secretes mucus which traps dust, dirt and micoorganisms which prevents them from entring vital organs where it could cause infections

26
Q

What are the key features of a guard cell?

A
  • thin outer and inner walls
27
Q

What is the function of the guard cells?

A

controls the opening and closing of the of the stomata to regulate water loss and gas exchange

28
Q

How are guard cells adapated for it’s function

A
  • there are thin walls which means that water can entre and leave the guard cells quickly
  • this allows them to change it’s shape to become either turgid (open) or flaccid (close)

Biology A Level - Cells (8 decks)

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