Specialised Cells Flashcards
What are the key features of a red blood cells?
- biocave disc
- haemoglobin
- elastic membrane
- has no nucleus
What is the function of a red blood cell?
it transports oxygen around the body
How does the biocave disc supports the function of a red blood cell?
the shape increases the suface area for diffusion so more oxygen can be absorbed
How does there being no nucleus support the function of a red blood cell?
it leaves more space for the haemoglob which carries the oxygen
How does the elastic membrane the function of a red blood cell?
makes it flexible in order for it to move through narrow blood vessels like the capillary
What is the function of the haemoglobin?
it binds to the oxygen molecules
What are the key features of a neutrophil?
- lysosome
- phagosome
How are neutrophil’s adapted for their function?
- has a large amount of lysosome which secretes hydrolitic enzymes which break down pathogens
- contains phagosomes engulf pathogens
- it is flexible which means that it can fit into the capillaries and mold to the shape of its target
*phagocytosis cell
What is the function of an neurophil?
it engulf and digests pathogens
What are the key features of a sperm cell?
- flagella
- acrosomes
- mitochondria
What is the function of a sperm cell?
- fuse with the egg cell in order to develope an embryo
- carries father’s gene
How does the flagella supports the function of a sperm cell?
the flagella allows them to swim through the vaginal canal towards the egg
How does the mitochondria supports the function of a sperm cell?
it contains a lot of mitochonria which supplies energy to compet with other sperms cells in order to get to the egg cell
How does the acrosome supports the function of a sperm cell?
it contains with digestive enzymes which will break down the egg’s cell membrane so it can fertalise it
What are the key features of a root hair cell?
- thin walls
- vacuole
- mitochondria
- root hair
What is the function of the root hair cell?
it absorbs water and minerals from the soil for plants
How does the root hair support the function of the root hair cell?
it increases the surface area for osmosis (absorption of water)
How does the thin walls support the function of the root hair cell?
it creates a short diffusion path for the minerals and water, which allows them to move quickly
How does the vacuole support the function of the root hair cell?
it contains sap which is more concentrated than the soil water. this maintains a concentration gradient for fast activ transport
How does the mitochondria support the function of the root hair cell?
it supplies enough energy for active transport
why do root hair cells have no chloroplast
they’re underground so there is no light for the chlorophyll to collect for photosynthesis
What are the key features of the ciliated epithelium
- cilia
- goblet cells
What is the function of the ciliated epithelium?
it moves substances across the surface of a tissue
How does the cilia support the function of the ciliated epithelium?
it is a hair like structure that beat in the coordinated way in order to push substances across the epithelium tissue
How does the goblet cell support the function of the ciliated epithelium?
it secretes mucus which traps dust, dirt and micoorganisms which prevents them from entring vital organs where it could cause infections
What are the key features of a guard cell?
- thin outer and inner walls
What is the function of the guard cells?
controls the opening and closing of the of the stomata to regulate water loss and gas exchange
How are guard cells adapated for it’s function
- there are thin walls which means that water can entre and leave the guard cells quickly
- this allows them to change it’s shape to become either turgid (open) or flaccid (close)
