Membrane Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the structure of the membrane called?

A

the fluid mosaic model

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2
Q

why is the cell membrane described as fluid and mosaic?

A
  1. fluid because the sea phospholipids have the ability to move
  2. mosaic as it contains a variety of different molecules
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3
Q

what molecules are found within the cell membrane?

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. exterior proteins
  3. interior proteins
  4. cholesterol
  5. glycolipids
  6. glycoproteins
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4
Q

Describe the structure of phospholipids.

A
  1. hydrophilic, polar, phosphate head
  2. hydrophobic, non-polar, fatty acid tail
  3. tail faces inward (creates bilayer) and heads facing outwards
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5
Q

how does the structure of phospholipids affect the cell membrane?

A
  1. means that only small, non-polar lipid soluble molecules to pass through the membrane via diffusion
  2. means that the membrane is fluid/flexible
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6
Q

what are extrinsic proteins (with examples)?

A

1.proteins on the surface of the membrane
2. enzymes

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7
Q

what is an intrinsic protein (with examples)?

A
  1. proteins that go all the way through the cell membrane
  2. carrier and channel proteins
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8
Q

what is the function of extrinsic protein?

A
  1. enzymes catalyse chemical reactions
  2. they act as receptor
  3. act as structural support
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9
Q

what is the function of intrinsic proteins?

A
  1. carrier proteins allow molecules to pass through via active transport and facilitated diffusion
  2. channel proteins allow polar, large, water soluble molecules into the cell
  3. aquaporins allow water to entre the cell (osmosis)
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10
Q

what are glycoproteins?

A

they are carbohydrates attached to extrinsic proteins

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11
Q

what is the function of glycoproteins?

A

they act as a neurotransmitter and receptor as they allow cells to be recognised by each other and attach to form tissue

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12
Q

what is a glycolipid?

A

carbohydrates bound to lipids

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13
Q

what is the function of a glycolipid?

A
  1. extends from the cell surface acting like a receptor
  2. allows cells to form tissues
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14
Q

what is the function of cholesterol?

A
  1. it makes it more rigid which reduces lateral movement
  2. prevents leakage of water and dissolved ions as it’s very hydrophobic
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