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Biology A Level - Cells > Cell Structure to Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure to Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nuclei’s function?

A
  1. contains the cell’s DNA
  2. where ribosome synthesis occurs
  3. controls the cell
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2
Q

what are the key structures within the nucleus?

A
  1. nuclear pores
  2. nuclear envelope
  3. nucleolus
  4. nucleoplasm
  5. chromatin
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3
Q

what are nuclear pores and their function?

A

spaces between the nuclear envelope which allows molecules to entre and leave the nucleus

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4
Q

what is the nuclear envelope and it’s function?

A

a double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

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5
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus?

A

it’s where protein synthesis occurs

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6
Q

what is chromatin?

A

the material in which chromosomes are made

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7
Q

what is the cell wall’s function?

A

supports/strengthens and protects the cell

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8
Q

what is the plant cell wall made up off?

A

cellulose

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9
Q

what is the fungi cell wall made up off?

A

chitin

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10
Q

what is the bacteria cell wall made of?

A

murein

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11
Q

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane?

A
  1. contains a sea of phospholipids with protein molecules in-between
  2. partially permeable
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12
Q

what is the plasma membrane’s function?

A
  • controls what enters and leaves the cell
  • prevents cytoplasm from escaping
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13
Q

what is the structure of cytoplasm?

A

it’s a gel-like fluid containing water, salts, molecules, enzymes and various organelles

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14
Q

what is the function of cytoplasm?

A
  • uses it’s microtubes to maintain the cell’s structure
  • where most of the chemical reactions take place
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15
Q

Describe the structure of ribosomes.

A

organelle made up of two sub units

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16
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

the site of protein synthesis

17
Q

what are the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

A

70s

18
Q

what are the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

A

80s

19
Q

what is the structure of RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

A

is a series of flattened sacs (enclosed within a nucleus) with ribosomes attached to the cytosolic side of it’s membrane

20
Q

what is the function of RER?

A

it modifies and packages proteins

21
Q

Describe the structure of SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

A
  • a system of membrane bound sacs
  • more tubular than RER
21
Q

Describe the structure of a Golgi Apparatus.

A

they are fluid filled flattered sacs enclosed in a membrane, surrounded by vesicles sent by ER

22
Q

what is the function of SER?

A

it produces and processes lipids

23
Q

what is the function of a Golgi Apparatus?

A
  1. they modify (using enzymes) and distribute the protein-filled vesicles sent by ER and gives it a direction in order to distribute and package them
  2. Also produces lysosomes
23
Q

what is the structure of lysosomes?

A
  • vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes
  • bound by a single membrane
24
Q

what is the function of lysosomes?

A

Contains hydrolitic enzymes which allow them to:

  1. gets rid of old or worn cells/organelles
  2. digest invading pathogens
  3. they digest larger molecules and creates smaller molecules that are more useful
25
Q

what is the vacuole?

A

is a membrane sac of liquid that stores substances

26
Q

what is the structure of plasmids?

A

a circular piece of DNA

26
Q

what is the function of plasmids?

A

contains extra genetic material (antibiotic resistance)

27
Q

Describe the structure of slime capsules?

A

protective slimy layer

28
Q

what is the function of the slime capsule?

A

prevents the cell from loosing water through osmosis

29
Q

Describe the structure of a flagella?

A

is a tail like structure

30
Q

what is the function of a flagella?

A

it rotates in order to move the cell

31
Q

Describe the structure of pili.

A

hair like structures

32
Q

what is the function of pili?

A

used to exchange plasmids

Biology A Level - Cells (8 decks)

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