Cell Structure to Function Flashcards
What is the nuclei’s function?
- contains the cell’s DNA
- where ribosome synthesis occurs
- controls the cell
what are the key structures within the nucleus?
- nuclear pores
- nuclear envelope
- nucleolus
- nucleoplasm
- chromatin
what are nuclear pores and their function?
spaces between the nuclear envelope which allows molecules to entre and leave the nucleus
what is the nuclear envelope and it’s function?
a double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm
what is the function of the nucleolus?
it’s where protein synthesis occurs
what is chromatin?
the material in which chromosomes are made
what is the cell wall’s function?
supports/strengthens and protects the cell
what is the plant cell wall made up off?
cellulose
what is the fungi cell wall made up off?
chitin
what is the bacteria cell wall made of?
murein
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane?
- contains a sea of phospholipids with protein molecules in-between
- partially permeable
what is the plasma membrane’s function?
- controls what enters and leaves the cell
- prevents cytoplasm from escaping
what is the structure of cytoplasm?
it’s a gel-like fluid containing water, salts, molecules, enzymes and various organelles
what is the function of cytoplasm?
- uses it’s microtubes to maintain the cell’s structure
- where most of the chemical reactions take place
Describe the structure of ribosomes.
organelle made up of two sub units
what is the function of ribosomes?
the site of protein synthesis
what are the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
70s
what are the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
80s
what is the structure of RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)?
is a series of flattened sacs (enclosed within a nucleus) with ribosomes attached to the cytosolic side of it’s membrane
what is the function of RER?
it modifies and packages proteins
Describe the structure of SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)?
- a system of membrane bound sacs
- more tubular than RER
Describe the structure of a Golgi Apparatus.
they are fluid filled flattered sacs enclosed in a membrane, surrounded by vesicles sent by ER
what is the function of SER?
it produces and processes lipids
what is the function of a Golgi Apparatus?
- they modify (using enzymes) and distribute the protein-filled vesicles sent by ER and gives it a direction in order to distribute and package them
- Also produces lysosomes
what is the structure of lysosomes?
- vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes
- bound by a single membrane
what is the function of lysosomes?
Contains hydrolitic enzymes which allow them to:
- gets rid of old or worn cells/organelles
- digest invading pathogens
- they digest larger molecules and creates smaller molecules that are more useful
what is the vacuole?
is a membrane sac of liquid that stores substances
what is the structure of plasmids?
a circular piece of DNA
what is the function of plasmids?
contains extra genetic material (antibiotic resistance)
Describe the structure of slime capsules?
protective slimy layer
what is the function of the slime capsule?
prevents the cell from loosing water through osmosis
Describe the structure of a flagella?
is a tail like structure
what is the function of a flagella?
it rotates in order to move the cell
Describe the structure of pili.
hair like structures
what is the function of pili?
used to exchange plasmids
