Specialised animal cells and plant cells

Question 1

Explain three adaptions of the nerve cell:

Answer 1

• axon carries nerve impulses from one place to another
• synapses pass impulses using special transmitter chemicals
• lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells

Question 1

Function of nerve cell:

Answer 1

carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 2

Explain two adaptions of muscle cells:

Answer 2

• contain special proteins that slide over each other
• contain lots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for chemical reactions to take place

Question 3

Explain three adaptions of sperm cells:

Answer 3

• long tail and streamlined to enable the sperm to swim to the egg
• lots of mitochondria to provide energy to power the tail
• acrosome contain enzymes to help break down the egg membrane

Question 4

Function of root hair cell:

Answer 4

take up water and mineral ions

Question 5

Explain two adaptions of root hair cells:

Answer 5

• increase surface area for absorption of water
• mitochondria transfer energy needed for active transport

Question 6

Explain two adaptions of photosynthetic cells:

Answer 6

• Chlorophyll trap light needed for photosynthesis
• large permanent vacuole to keep cell rigid

Question 7

Function of xylem cells:

Answer 7

carry water and mineral ions from the roots

Question 8

Explain two adaptions of xylem cells:

Answer 8

• made up of dead cells that from long, hollow tubes for transportation of water and mineral ions
• made up of lignin to strengthen and support the plant stem

Question 9

Function of phloem cell:

Answer 9

transport sucrose in plants

Question 10

Explain two adaptions of phloem cells:

Answer 10

-perforated end walls and a thin layer of cytoplasm to aid transport

• lose a lot of internal structures so are supported by companion cells to keep them alive

Question 11

Function of muscle cells

Answer 11

contract and relax

Question 12

Adaptions of red blood cells:

Answer 12

• contains haemoglobin which carries oxygen molecules
• no nucleus to increase surface area for the transportation of oxygen
• biconcave to increase surface area to carry oxygen into the lungs

Question 13

Adaptions of egg cells:

Answer 13

egg cell’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the embryo

changes after fertilisation so no more sperm can enter