Communicable diseases Flashcards
Compare bacterial and viral diseases:
- bacteria divides rapidly by splitting in two snd produces toxins which affect our body and make us feel ill
- viruses live and reproduce inside cells, damaging and destroying them
Explain how HIV leads to AIDS:
HIV attacks the immune system until it can no longer treat infections and cancer
AIDS is known as the late-stage HIV infection
Explain how plants are affected through direct contact?
infected plant material can infect an entire crop
Describe how vectors spread disease?
vectors transfer disease between infected and uninfected organisms
How can disease be spread through water?
drinking water containing sewage
Describe how lifestyle conditions increase the likelihood of disease spreading?
crowded conditions with no sewage system spread diseases more quickly
How can we prevent the spread of communicable diseases?
- washing hands after going to the toilet
- disinfectant in kitchen work surfaces
- keeping raw food away
- coughing or sneezing into a handkerchief
What are communicable disease?
transmission of disease from one organism to another
what are the symptoms of measles?
red skin rash and fever
How is measles spread?
inhalation of droplets
How is measles prevented in the UK?
improved living conditions and a vaccination programme for young children
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS:
mild flu-like illness
How is HIV/AIDS spread?
exchange of bodily fluids or direct sexual contact
How to treat HIV/AIDS?
antiretroviral drugs
Symptom of TMV?
mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves
How does TMV affect plants?
affected areas do not photosynthesise so affects yield of a crop
How to prevent TMV?
TMV reistant strains
good field hygiene
good pest control
What do antibiotics do?
kill bacteria and stop them from growing
What is salmonella found in?
raw meat, egg, poultry
What causes salmonella?
eating undercooked food and eating food prepared in unhygienic conditions
Symptoms of salmonella:
abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
Why do doctors not prescribe antibiotics for salmonella?
symptoms do not last very long
How to prevent food poisoning.
- keep raw chicken away
- avoid washing raw chicken
- wash hands and surfaces well
- cook chicken thoroughly
What causes gonorrhoea?
- unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
Symptoms of gonorrhoea?
thick, yellow discharge/ green discharge and pain on urination
How is gonorrhoea treated?
antibiotics
Why is it gonorrhoea difficult to treat?
Antibiotic - resistant strains have evolved
How to prevent spread of gonorrhoea?
contraception, reducing number of sexual partners
How does black rose spot affect plants?
reduces leaves available for photosynthesis
How to prevent the spread of black rose spot?
- removing and burning affected leaves and stems
- Chemical fungicides
Symptoms of malaria?
fever, sweat, chills, headaches, vomiting diarrhoea
How to prevent spread of malaria?
- insecticide- impregnated nets
- Insecticides to kill mosquitoes
- Antimalarial drugs that kill parasites
- Prevent mosquitoes from breeding
How is malaria passed from one person to another?
mosquitoes suck blood containing protists from an infected person and pass the protist to other people they suck blood from
