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A&P Lab study notes > Special Senses: Visual System > Flashcards

Special Senses: Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of the eye

A 
lateral rectus
medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
interior oblique
superior oblique
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2
Q

Moves eye laterally

A

lateral rectus

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3
Q

moves eye medially

A

medial rectus

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4
Q

elevates eye and turns it medially

A

superior rectus

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5
Q

depresses eye and turns i medially

A

inferior rectus

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6
Q

elevates eye and turns it laterally

A

interior oblique

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7
Q

depresses eye and turns it laterally

A

superior oblique

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8
Q

shade and prevent sweat from entering the eyes

A

eyebrows

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9
Q

protect eyes and spread lacrimal fluid (tears) with blinking

A

eyelids (palpebrae)

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10
Q

secrete an oily secretion that lubicates the surface of the eye

A

tarsal glands

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11
Q

secrete an oily secretion that lubricates the surface of the eye and the eyelashes

A

ciliary glands (sty-infection of ciliary gland)

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12
Q

secrete mucus to lubricate the eye

A

conjunctivae; conjunctivitis-pink eye

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13
Q

form the corners of the eyes

A

medial and lateral commisures

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14
Q

secretes a whitish oily secretion for lubrication of the eye

A

lacrimal caruncle

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15
Q

Protects the eye by keeping it moist

A

lacrimal apparatus

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16
Q

secretes lacrimal fluid, which contains mucus, antibodies, lysozyme

A

lacrimal gland

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17
Q

allow lacrimal fluid to drain into the superior and inferiorly located lacrimal canaliculi

A

lacrimal puncta

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18
Q

allow lacrimal fluid to drain into the lacrimal sac

A

lacrimal canaliculi

19
Q

allows lacrimal fluid to drain into the nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal sac

20
Q

allows lacrimal fluid to flow into the nasal cavity

A

nasolicrimal duct

21
Q

control the movement of each eyeball and hold eyes in the orbits

A

extrinsic eye muscles

22
Q

Depth perception is also called

A

three dimensional vision

23
Q

Describe depth perception

A

each eye has visual field of 170 degrees; 2 visual fields overlap, but each eye sees a slightly different view; visual cortex fuses they slightly different images delivered by the 2 eyes

24
Q

helps maintain shape of eyeball and provide attachment point for extrinsic eye muscle

A

sclera

25
Q

forms clear window that’s the major light bending medium of eye

A

cornea

26
Q

blood vessels nourish the other layers of the eye and the melanin helps to absorb excess light

A

choroid

27
Q

contains the ciliary muscle and ciliary process

A

cilary body

28
Q

alters shape of lens with contraction and relaxation

A

cilliary muscle

29
Q

capillaries of the ciliary process form the aqueous humor by filtering plasma

A

ciliary process

30
Q

attaches lens to ciliary process

A

ciliary zonule (suspensory ligament)

31
Q

controls amount of light entering eye by changing size of pupil diameter

A

iris

32
Q

allows light to enter eye

A

pupil

33
Q

absorbs light and prevents it from scattering in the eye; pigment cells act as phagocytes for cleaning cell debris; store vitamin a needed for photorecptor renewal

A

pigmented layer of retina

34
Q

photoreceptors respond to light and convert light energy into action potentials that travel to primary visual cortex of brain

A

neural layer of retina

35
Q

Cells of the retina include what

A

pigment cells of outer pigmented layer and neurons of neural layer

36
Q

what 3 major populations of neurons located in inner neural layer

A

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

37
Q

respond to light

A

photoreceptors

38
Q

what are 2 photoreceptors

A

rods and cones

39
Q

specialized photoreceptors for dim light

A

rods

40
Q

color photoreceptors that permit high levels of visual acuity, but only function under conditions of high light

A

cones

41
Q

T or F. light must pass through the ganglion cell layer and bipolar cell layer to reach and excite the rods and cones

A

T

42
Q

what happens to the photoreceptors as a result of light stimulus

A

they undergo changes in their membrane potential that influence bipolar cells, which stimulate ganglion cells

43
Q

how do the axons of the ganglion cells leave the retina

A

in tight bundles of fibers known as optic nerve

44
Q

Interneurons that play a role in visual processing

A

horizontal cells and amacrine cells

A&P Lab study notes (6 decks)

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