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A&P Lab study notes > Histology of Nervous System > Flashcards

Histology of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Master integrating and coordinating system, continuously monitoring and processing sensory info from external environment and from w/i body

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Two primary divisions that make up the nervous system

A

central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

What does the CNS consist of

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

what does the PNS consist of

A

all the nervous elements located outside the CNS

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5
Q

System that includes nerves, sensory receptors, some clusters of neuron cell bodys

A

PNS

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6
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of 2 principal cell types

A

neurons and neuroglia

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7
Q

Serve the need of the delicate neurons by supporting and protecting them

A

neuroglia

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8
Q

Another name for neuroglia

A

glial cells

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9
Q

what does neuroglia cells of the CNS include

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cels, ependymal cells

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10
Q

what does the neuroglia cells in PNS include

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

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11
Q

what are Schwann cells called

A

neurolemmocytes

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12
Q

Neuroglia that act as phagocytes

A

microglial cells

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13
Q

myelinate the cytoplasmic extensions of the neurons

A

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

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14
Q

controll the chemical environment around neurons

A

astocytes

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15
Q

T or F. Neuroglia are capable of generating and transmitting nerve impulses

A

F

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16
Q

Another name for nerve cells

A

neurons

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17
Q

basic functional units of nervous tissue

A

neruons

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18
Q

most abundant CNS neuroglia

A

astrocytes

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19
Q

defensive cells in the CNS

A

microglial cells

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20
Q

Line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavaties

A

ependymal cells

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21
Q

processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS axons

A

oligodendrocytes

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22
Q

Another name for neuron cell body

A

soma

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23
Q

Biosynthetic center and receptive region

A

cell body

24
Q

Makes up the gray matter of the CNS

A

cell body

25
Q

Clusters of neurons cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglia

26
Q

Two prominent structures found in the cytoplasm

A

neurofibrils and chromatophilic sumstance

27
Q

provide support for the cell and a means to transport substances through the neuron

A

neurofibrils

28
Q

clusters of rough ER and ribosomes involed in metabolic activities of the cell

A

chromatophilic substance

29
Q

Neurons have 2 types of processes. What are they?

A

dendrites, axons

30
Q

receptive regions that bear receptors for neurotransmitters released by axon terminals of other neurons

A

dendrites

31
Q

Also called nerve fibers

A

axons

32
Q

form the impulse generating and conducting region of the neuron

A

axons

33
Q

White matter of CNS made up of what

A

axons

34
Q

the initial region of the axon arises from a cone shaped area of the cell body

A

axon hillock

35
Q

any long axon

A

nerve fiber

36
Q

the axon ends in many small structures

A

axon terminals

37
Q

Each axon terminal of the neuron is separated from the cell body or dendrites of the next neuron by a tiny gap called

A

synaptic cleft

38
Q

Structural Classification – grouped according to the number of processes extending from the cell body (multipolar, bipolar, unipolar)

A

Neurons

39
Q

three or more processes. Major neuron CNS.

A

multipolar neurons

40
Q

two processes, axon and dendrite, extending from opposite sides of the cell body. Some special sense organs acting as receptor cells.
Ex. retina of the eye and in olfactory mucosa

A

bipolar neurons

41
Q

ingle short process emerging from the cell body and dividing T-like into proximal and distal branches.
Found chiefly in ganglia in the PNS functioning as sensory neurons.

A

unipolar neurons

42
Q

grouped according to the direction in which the nerve impulse travels relative to the CNS.

A

functional classification of neurons

43
Q

transmit impulses from sensory receptors in the skin or internal organs toward or into the CNS

A

Sensory or afferent neurons

44
Q

Except for bipolar neurons, virtually all sensory neurons are

A

unipolar

45
Q

carry impulses away from the CNS to the effector organs (muscles and glands).

A

Motor or efferent neurons

46
Q

are multipolar, and their cell bodies are located in the CNS

A

Motor neurons

47
Q

between motor and sensory neurons pathways and shuttle signals. Multipolar

A

Interneurons or association neurons

48
Q

In the CNS, bundles of axons are called

A

tracts

49
Q

In the PNS, bundles of axons are called

A

nerves

50
Q

Conduct impulses only toward the CNS

A

sensory (afferent) nerves

51
Q

Carry impulses only away from he CNS

A

motor (efferent) nerves

52
Q

nerves carrying both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) are called

A

mixed nerves

53
Q

Neuron conducting impulses toward the synapse is the

A

presynaptic neuron

54
Q

Neuron transmitting the electrical signal away from the synapse is

A

postsynaptic neuron

55
Q

Presynaptic neuron or the postsynaptic neuron is the information sender

A

presynaptic neuron

56
Q

Presynaptic neuron or the the postsynaptic neuron is the information receiver.

A

postsynaptic neuron

57
Q

T or F. Most neurons function both as presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

A

T

A&P Lab study notes (6 decks)

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