Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

Question 1

muscles that are most responsible for producing a particular movement

Answer 1

prime mover or agonists

Question 2

muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

Answer 2

antagonists

Question 3

what happens when a prime mover is active?

Answer 3

the fibers of the antagonist are stretched and in relaxed state

Question 4

can an antagonist be a prime mover

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

aid the action of agonists either by assisting with the same movement or by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement

Answer 5

synergists

Question 6

fixation muscles, specialized synergists

Answer 6

fixators

Question 7

what do fixators do?

Answer 7

immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion

Question 8

How are skeletal muscles named

Answer 8

1. direction of muscle fiber (named in ref. to midline of body)
2. size of muscle
3. location of muscle (named for bone in which associated)
4. number of origins
5. location of muscle’s origin and insertion
6. shape of muscle
7. action of muscle

Question 9

muscle structure is determined by what

Answer 9

fascicle arrangement

Question 10

number of origins pertains to what terms

Answer 10

bicep, triceps, quadriceps forms part of muscle name; tells umber of origins (bi=2, tri=3. etc)

Question 11

In naming muscles by size, what is being referred to

Answer 11

terms like maximus (large), minimus (smallest), longus (long), brevis (short)

Question 12

location of the muscle refers to what

Answer 12

named for the bone in which they are associated, ie temporalis muscle overlies temporal bone

Question 13

what does it mean by the direction of the muscle fiber pertaining to how its named

Answer 13

named in reference to some imaginary line, usually midline of body; rectus (straight); transverse (across); oblique (diagonally);

Question 14

Example of shape of the muscle means what in name the muscle

Answer 14

deltoid (triangular); trapezius (like a trapezoid

Question 15

Example of action of muscle

Answer 15

adductor (to adduct a structure); extensor (to extend a structure);