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Histology Module 6 > Special Senses: Vision > Flashcards

Special Senses: Vision Flashcards

0
Q

How many percent of the sensory receptors are found in the eyes?

A

70%

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1
Q

What are the special senses?

A

Smell Taste Sight Hearing Equilibrium

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2
Q

What protects the eye?

A

Bony orbit Cushion of fat

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3
Q

In what week does the optic vesicle forms the optic cup?

A

Early 4th week

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4
Q

In the early fourth week, the optic vesicle divides to form a two-layered _______

A

Optic cup

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5
Q

In the early fourth week, the overlying ectoderm forms a _______?

A

Lens pit

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6
Q

In what week does the overlying ectoderm forms the lens pit?

A

Early fourth week

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7
Q

In what week does the optic cup deepens and forms inner and outer layers?

A

Late 4th week

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8
Q

In the Late fourth week, the lens pit forms _______?

A

Lens vesicle

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9
Q

In what week does the lens pit forms the lens vesicle?

A

Late 4th week

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10
Q

In what week does the lens becomes an internal structure?

A

6th week

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11
Q

In what week does the corneas, sclera and choroid starts to form?

A

6th week

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12
Q

What starts to form in week 6?

A

Cornea Sclera Choroid

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13
Q

In what week does the three tunics of the eye is formed?

A

Week 20

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14
Q

What forms in week 20?

A

Three tunics of the eye

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15
Q

Layer of the eyeball that includes the sclera and cornea

A

Fibrous tunic - Corneoscleral coat

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16
Q

A vascular layer that includes choroid, ciliary body and iris

A

Uvea

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17
Q

Third layer of the eyeball that includes an outer pigment epithelium and an inner neural layer

A

Retina

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18
Q

What are the three layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous tunic Vascular tunic Retina

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19
Q

Consists of dense, irregular connective tissue, making it opaque

A

Sclera

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20
Q

Covers the anterior 1/6th of the eye and is continuous with the fibrous sclera posteriorly

A

Cornea

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21
Q

How many layers does the cornea have?

A

5

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22
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea?

A
  1. Stratified squamous non keratinizng corneal epithelium 2. Bowman’s membrane 3. Corneal stroma (substantia propria) 4. Descemet’s membrane 5. Simple squamous, corneal endothelium
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23
Q

The corneal endothelium is lined by what epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

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24
Q

What type of collagen fibers makes up the stroma of the cornea?

A

Type 1 collagen

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25
Q

What are the cells that makes up the stroma of the cornea?

A

Keratocytes

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26
Q

True or False: The stroma of the cornea is vascular.

A

False. The stroma is avascular.

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27
Q

Where transparent corneal stroma merges with opaque, vascular sclera

A

Limbus or corneoscleral junction (CSJ)

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28
Q

Contains scleral venous sinus or canal of Schlemm, which receives aqueous humor from anterior chamber

A

Stroma of limbus

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29
Q

Also known as the canal of Schlemm

A

Scleral venous sinus

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30
Q

Also known as the Scleral venous sinus

A

Canal of Schlemm

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31
Q

Helps to reduce glare within the eye

A

Melanin pigment

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32
Q

Consists mainly of choroid and has a dark brown color that has many venous plexuses and capillaries

A

Uvea

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33
Q

Extends inwards to form a ring-like thickening

A

Ciliary body

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34
Q

Ligament that arises from ciliary process

A

Suspensory ligament of the lens or the Zonular ligament

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35
Q

The __________ continuous posteriorly until it merges with the retina at ora serrata

A

Ciliary body

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36
Q

The ciliary body continuous posteriorly until it merges with the ___________ at ora serrata

A

Retina

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37
Q

The ciliary body continuous posteriorly until it merges with the retina at __________

A

Ora serrata

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38
Q

Cells that are prominent in suprachoroidal lamina

A

Melanocytes

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39
Q

Melanocytes are prominent in what lamina?

A

Suprachoroidal lamina

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40
Q

Choroid’s inner region, _______________ lamina, has a rich microvasculature

A

Choroidocapillary lamina

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41
Q

A thin layer located between the choroid and retina

A

Bruch’s layer

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42
Q

What is the outer layer of the retina?

A

Pigmented layer

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43
Q

Extends over the anterior surface of the lens from the anterior border of the ciliary body

A

Iris

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44
Q

How many layers does the iris have?

A

5 layers

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45
Q

What are the 5 layers of the iris?

A
  1. Discontinuous layer of fibroblast and melanocytes 2. Avascular anterior stromal sheet (lamella) 3. Vascular layer of LCT forming the bulk of the iris 4. Posterior membrane, containing the circular sphincter pupillae and radial dilator pupillae muscles 5. Double layer of pigmented epithelium
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46
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of a discontinuous layer of fibroblasts and melanocytes?

A

First

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47
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of an avascular anterior stromal sheet?

A

Second

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48
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of a vascular layer of LCT which forms the bulk of the iris?

A

Third

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49
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of forms the bulk of the iris?

A

Third

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50
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of the posterior membrane?

A

Fourth

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51
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of 2 muscles?

A

Fourth

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52
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of the circular sphincter pupillae and radial dilator pupillae muscles?

A

Fourth

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53
Q

What layer of the iris is composed of a double layer of pigmented epithelium?

A

Fifth

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54
Q

The first layer of the iris is composed of a discontinuous layer of?

A

Fibroblasts and melanocytes

55
Q

True or False The second layer of the iris is vascular.

A

False. Avascular

56
Q

Which layer of the iris is avascular?

A

Second

57
Q

Which layer of the iris is vascular?

A

Third

58
Q

What muscles can you find in the fourth layer of the iris?

A

Circular sphincter pupillae Radial dilator pupillae

59
Q

The fifth layer of the iris is composed of?

A

A double layer of pigmented epithelium

60
Q

The first layer of the cornea is composed of what?

A

Stratified squamous non keratinizing corneal epithelium

61
Q

What layer of the cornea can you see the bowman’s membrane?

A

Second

62
Q

The corneal stroma is found in what layer of the cornea?

A

Third

63
Q

What layer of the cornea can you see a Descemet’s membrane?

A

Fourth

64
Q

What is the epithelium of the 5th layer of the cornea?

A

Simple squamous, corneal endothelium

65
Q

What layer of the cornea is made up of a stratified squamous epithelium?

A

First

66
Q

What layer of the cornea is made up of a simple squamous epithelium?

A

Fifth

67
Q

Has no epithelium and consists inly of a matted layer of interdigitating fibroblasts and melanocytes A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber

A

A. Anterior chamber

68
Q

The stroma of the iris contains what cells?

A

Melanocytes

69
Q

Consists of two layers of cuboidal cells A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber

A

B. Posterior chamber

70
Q

These granules are rich in the external pigmented epithelium

A

Melanin granules

71
Q

Inner layer of the retina A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium

A

A. Neural retina

72
Q

Outer layer of the retina A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium

A

B. Retinal pigment epithelium

73
Q

Contains photoreceptor cells with a 10 layered structure A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium

A

A. Neural retina

74
Q

Sits in the choroid and consists of cuboidal melanin-containing cells A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium

A

B. Retinal pigmented epithelium

75
Q

Contains photoreceptor cells with a 10 layered structure A. Inner retinal layer B. Outer retinal layer

A

A. Inner retinal layer

76
Q

Sits in the choroid and consists of cuboidal melanin-containing cells A. Inner retinal layer B. Outer retinal layer

A

B. Outer retinal layer

77
Q

The inner neural retina is composed of what cells?

A

Photoreceptor cells

78
Q

The outer retinal pigmented epithelium is composed of what cells?

A

Cuboidal melanin-containing cells

79
Q

What are the two photoreceptor cells?

A

Rods and cones

80
Q

What are the different cells of the retina?

A

Ganglion cells Bipolar cells Photoreceptor cells Pigmented retinal epithelium cells

81
Q

What are the 10 layers of the retina?

A

Inner limiting membrane Optic nerve fibers Ganglion cell Inner plexiform Inner nuclear Outer plexiform Outer nuclear Outer limiting membrane Rods and cones Retinal pigment epithelium

82
Q

What layer of the retina is composed of the basal lamina of Muller’s cells?

A

First: inner limiting membrane

83
Q

The inner limiting membrane is composed of the basal lamina of what cells?

A

Muller’s cells

84
Q

What layer of the retina is composed of ganglion cells traveling to the brain?

A

Second: layer of optic nerve fibers

85
Q

Layer of the retina that is composed of the CELL BODIES of the ganglion cells

A

Third: ganglion cell layer

86
Q

2nd synaptic layer found between the horizontal, amacrine and bipolar cells and ganglion cells

A

4th retinal layer: inner plexiform

87
Q

Composed of the CELL BODIES of the horizontal, amacrine and bipolar cells and ganglion cells

A

Fifth retinal layer: inner nuclear

88
Q

FIRST synaptic layer found between the photoreceptors and horizontal, amacrine and bipolar cells and ganglion cells

A

6th retinal layer: outer plexiform

89
Q

Composed of the CELL BODIES of rods and cones

A

7th retinal layer: outer nuclear

90
Q

Apical boundary of Muller’s cells

A

8th retinal layer: outer limiting membrane

91
Q

Layer of the retina where you can find the inner and outer segments of photoreceptor cells

A

9th: layers of rods and cones

92
Q

Layer of the retina where you can find melakin containing cells

A

10th: retinal pigment epithelium

93
Q

What is more numerous, rods or cones?

A

Rods are 20 times as numerous as the cones.

94
Q

A modified region of the retina that contains only cones and is adapted for high visual acuity

A

Fovea

95
Q

For peripheral vision and during dim light vision

A. Rods

B. Cones

A

A. Rods

96
Q

For central vision, during bright light vision and in color discrimination

A. Rods

B. Cones

A

B. Cones

97
Q

For Dim Light vision

A. Rods

B. Cones

A

A. Rods

98
Q

For bright light vision

A. Rods

B. Cones

A

B. Cones

99
Q

For color discrimination

A. Rods

B. Cones

A

B. Cones

100
Q

What are the visual pigments containe in the outer segments of rods and cones?

A

Rhodopsin

Iodopsin (Cone Opsin)

101
Q

How many chambers does the eye have?

A
102
Q

What are the chambers of the eye?

A

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

Vitreous space

103
Q

Chamber of the eye: found between the cornea and the iris

A
104
Q

Chamber of the eye: found between the posterior surface of the iris and the anterior surface of the lens

A

Posterior chamber

105
Q

Chamber of the eye: found between the posterior surface of the lens and the neural retina

A
106
Q

What are the two internal eye chamber fluids?

A

Aqueous humor

Vitreous humor

107
Q

Watery fluid found in chamber between the lens and cornea that is similar to blood plasma

A. Aqueous humor

B. Vitreous humor

A

A. Aqueous humor

108
Q

Helps maintain intraocular pressure and provides nutrients for the lens and cornea

A. Aqueous humor

B. Vitreous humor

A

A. Aqueous humor

109
Q

Reabsorbed into venous blood through the canal of Schlemm

A. Aqueous humor

B. Vitreous humor

A

A. Aqueous humor

110
Q

A gel-like substance behind the lens that keeps the eye from collapsing

A. Aqueous humor

B. Vitreous humor

A

B. Vitreous humor

111
Q

Lasts a lifetime and is not replaced

A. Aqueous humor

B. Vitreous humor

A

B. Vitreous humor

112
Q

Transparent, avascular, biconves structure, suspended by suspensory ligaments of the lens

A

Lens of the eye

113
Q

What suspends the lens of the eye?

A

Suspensory ligament of the eyes

114
Q

3 components of the lens of the eye

A

Lens capsule

A subscapular epithelium

Lens fibres

115
Q

Component of the lens of the eyes that is produced by anterior lens cells

A

Lens capsule

116
Q

Component of the lens of the eyes that is composed of a cuboidal/columnar layer of cells that is only present on the anterior surface of the lens

A

Subscapular epithelium

117
Q

Component of the lens of the eye that is derived from the subscapular epithelial cells

A

Lens fibers

118
Q

A thick homogenous external lamina formed by the epithelial cells and fibers

A

Lens Capsule

119
Q

The anterior surface of the lens, beneath the capsule is covered by what epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal lens epithelium

120
Q

What proteins fills the cytoplasm of the differentiating lens fibers?

A

Crystallins

121
Q

Fibers that still have their nuclei but are greatly elongating and filling their cytoplasm with crystallins

A. DLF

B. MLF

A

A. DLF - Differentiating lens fibers

122
Q

Fibers that have lost their nuclei and become densely packed to produce a unique transparent structure

A. DLF

B. MLF

A

B. MLF - Mature lens Fibers

123
Q

What are the accessory structures of the eye?

A

Conjunctiva

Eyelids

Lacrimal Glands

124
Q

A thin, transparent mucous membrane found in the lateral margin of cornea across the sclera

A

Conjunctiva of the eye

125
Q

Covers the internal surface of the eyelids and is composed of a stratified columnar epithelium

A

Conjunctiva of the eye

126
Q

Contains many goblet cells that rests on a lamina propria of loose connective tissue

A

Conjunctiva of the eye

127
Q

What covers the external surface of the eyelid?

A
128
Q

What lines the inner surface of the eyelid?

A

Smooth conjunctiva

129
Q

Modified sebaceous glands that produce an oily secretion to lubricate the eye

A

Meibomian glands

130
Q

Produces lacrimal fluid

A

Lacrimal gland

131
Q

Drains lacrimal fluid from eyes

A

Lacrimal canals

132
Q
A
133
Q

Modified sweat glands between the eyelashes

A

Ciliary glands

134
Q
A

Histology Module 6 (4 decks)

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