Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Module 6 > Endocrine (Handout) > Flashcards

Endocrine (Handout) Flashcards

0
Q

The internal supporting framework is composed of what kind of tissue?
A. Reticular
B. Muscular

A

A. Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Secretions of the endocrine glands are called

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glands of the endocrine system that are ectodermal in origin

A

Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glands of the endocrine system that are mesodermal in origin

A

Adrenal cortex
Leydig cells of the testis
Theca interna cells of the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glands of the endocrine system that are endodermal in origin

A

Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Islets of Langerhans
Parafollicular cells or C-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pituitary gland is developed from what sources?

A

Rathke’s pouch

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ectodermal outpocketing of the stomodeum

A

Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gives rise to the adenohypophysis

A

Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The anterior wall of the adenohypophysis forms what structure/s?

A

Pars distalis

Pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The posterior wall of the adenohypophysis forms what structure/s?

A

Pars intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Downward extension of the diencephalon

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The infundibulum gives rise to the?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The neurohypophysis gives rise to what structure/s?

A

Pars nervosa
Infundibular stem
Median eminence of tubercinereum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pars nervosa is also known as

A

Infundibular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The pituitary gland is also known as

A

Hypophysis cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The pituitary gland lies below the brain in the cavity of the sphenoid bone known as

A

Sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Connects the hypophysis to the base of the base of the brain

A

Infundibulum stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The hypophysis is covered by a capsule of
A. Dense CT
B. Loose CT

A

A. Dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two divisions of the hypophysis

A

Adenohypophysis

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Also known as the anterior pituitary

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior pituitary?

A

Para distalis
Pars intermedia
Para tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Largest subdivision of the adenohypophysis

A

Para distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two cell types that can be found in pars distalis

A

Chromophils

Chromophobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Type of cell in pars distalis that has the affinity to stains? What are the subtypes?

A

Chromophils

Subtypes: acidophils, basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Acidophils secrete
A. Prolactin
B. GH
C. FSH
D. Both a and b
E. both b and c
A

D. Both a and b - prolactin and growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Basophils secrete?

A

FSH
LH
TSH
ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Smallest and least numerous among the cells in the para distalis

A

Chromophobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Chromophobes are referred to as __________ cells since some may differentiate into acidophils and basophils as need arises

A

Reserve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Found between the pars distalis and the infundibular process

A

Para intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Characterized by the presence of follicles or cysts filled with colloid and lined by columnar epithelium

A

Para intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Follicles or cysts filled with colloid that is lined by columnar epithelium found in para intermedia

A

Rathke’s cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hormone of the para intermedia

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In what layer of the adenohypophysis can you find polygonal basophilic cells

A

Para intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hormone that causes dispersion of melanin pigments in the melanoblast and increases skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Most highly vascularized portion of the hypophysis

A

Para tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Portion of the hypophysis formed of longitudinal columns or cords of cells that descend towards the pars distalis

A

Pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the types of cells found in pars tuberalis

A

Undifferentiated cells

Small basophils and acidophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the hormones secreted by pars tuberalis?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

It is thru the _________________ that the releasing hormones from hypothalamus reach the secretory cells of the pars distalis

A

Hypophyseal portal curculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Formed of venules that connect the capillaries in the median eminence with the capillary sinusoids in the pars distalis

A

Hypophyseal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Neurohormones from hypothalamus reach the ___________ through nerve fibers

A

Para distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Blood supply of hypophysis

A

Superior hypophyseal arteries
Branches of internal carotid
Branches of Posterior Communicating artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The neurohypophysis is formed of unmyelinated netve fibers of the _______________

A

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cells with numerous processes and are considered as modified neuroglial cells

A

Pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cells found in the neurohypophysis, part of the pars nervosa

A

Pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Neurosecretory materials secreted by the neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei and ate stored and released from the axolemma of the nerve fibers

A

Herring bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Small, spherical structures containing neurohormones stored in the pars nervosa or in the infundibular process

A

Herring bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the hormones that can be found in the infundibular process or para nervosa

A

Pitocin/ oxytocin

Pitressin/ ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Oxytocin is also known as

A

Pitocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hormone that stimulates uterine contraction

A

Pitocin or oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Oxytocin is secreted by what nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

Paraventricular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What hormone is secreted by the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalmus

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What hormone is secreted by the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

Pitressin or ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Hormone that increases water retention

A

ADH or pitressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

ADH is secreted by what nucleus of the hypothalamis

A

Supraoptic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Develops from the epithelial proliferation in the floor of the pharynx between the tuberculum impar and copula

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

The space between the tuberculum impar and copula is later referred as

A

Foramen cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Narrow canal that connects the thyroid gland to the tongue

A

Thyroglossal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Cystic remnant of the thyroglossal duct is called

A

Thyroglossal cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Cystic remnant of the narrow canal that connects the thyroid gland to the tongue

A

Throyglossal cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

5th pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the

A

Ultimobranchial body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

The ultimobranchial body gives rose to what cells

A

Parafollicular or C cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Parafollicular or C cells secrete what hormone

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Structural unit of the thyroid gland

A

Follicles

-spherical cystlike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Follicles are lined by what kind of epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Epithelial cells surrounding the follicles vary in height in terms of activity. Hypoactive? Hyperactive?

A

Squamous when the gland is hypo active. Columnar when hyperactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Cells in the thyroid glands between follicular cells and the basal lamina or between the thyroid follicles

A

Parafollicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

C cells produce what hormone

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Also known as the c cells

A

Parafollicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Other names of the C cells

A

Light cells
Mitochondria-rich cells
Ultimobranchial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Cells of the thyroid gland responsible for regulation of metabolic rate

A

Follicular epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Parathyroid gland develops from

A

Superior and inferior parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Dorsal wing of the 4th pharyngeal pouches

A

Superior parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Dorsal wing of the 3rd pharyngeal pouches

A

Inferior parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Small, yellow brown oval bodies adhering to the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What separates the parathyroid to the thyroid gland

A

Connective tissue capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

The parenchyma of parathyroid gland is composed of what cells

A

Principal/chief cells

Oxyphil cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Cell of the parathyroid gland that only appears at the end of the first decade of life until puberty

A

Oxyphil cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Cell of the parathyroid gland with basophilic cytoplasm

A

Principal/chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Cell of parathyroid gland with acidophilic cytoplasm

A

Oxyphil cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Gland that regulates calcium concentration by stimulating resorption of bone and reabsorption of calcium

A

Parathyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

PTH is secreted by what cell of the parathyroid gland

A

Principal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

PTH secretion will _______ blood calcium levels
A. Increase
B. Decrease

A

A. Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

In what week of development will the adrenal cortex start to form

A

5th week of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

About the 5th week of development, MESOTHELIAL cells proliferate and later differentiate to form what?

A

Primitive or fetal cortex of the adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Part of the adrenal gland that comes from neural crest cells

A

Adrenal medulla

87
Q

Cells of the adrenal medulla stains __________ with chrome salts

A

Yellowish brown

88
Q

Cells of the adrenal medulla that stains with chrome salts are called

A

Chromaffin cells

89
Q

Adrenal glands has a thick capsule of connective tissue that extends into the cortex as __________

A

Trabeculae

90
Q

2 functional parts of the adrenal glands

A

Cortex

Medulla

91
Q

Principal secretory cells of the adrenal medulla are derived from

A

Neural crest cells

92
Q

Secretory cells of the adrenal cortex are derived from

A

Mesodermal cells in nephrogenic ridge

93
Q

3 zones of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

94
Q

A narrow zone of the adrenal cortex in which cords of columnar cells are in OVOID GROUPS

A

Glomerulosa

95
Q

Zone of the adrenal cortex that has no central cavity within a cell group but there is a rich network of blood vessels externally

A

Glomerulosa

96
Q

Zona glomerulosa produces what hormone

A

Aldosterone

97
Q

Aldosterone is a
A. Glucocorticoid
B. mineralcorticoid

A

B. mineralocorticoid

98
Q

Hormone that causes water and sodium retention in exchange for potassium in the kidney

A

Aldosterone

99
Q

Middle and broadest zone of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona fasciculata

100
Q

Zone of the adrenal cortex composed of cell cords coursing PARALLEL to one another in RADIAL DIRECTION toward the medulla

A

Zona fasciculata

101
Q

Secretory cells of this zone of the adrenal cortex is cuboidal or polyhedral and sometimes binucleated

A

Fasciculata

102
Q

Zone of the adrenal cortex in which the network of cell cords are smaller, have darker nuclei, fewer lipid droplets and has numerous lipofuschin granules

A

Zona retucularis

103
Q

What are the two major products of zona reticularis

A

Glucocorticoid (cortisol)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (androgen)

104
Q

What is the most important glucocorticoid that has a protein wasting effect and promotes gluconeogenesis

A

Cortisol

105
Q

In what part of the adrenal gland can you see the secretory cells as anastomosing groups associated with blood vessels

A

Adrenal medulla

106
Q

Cytoplasmic granules of the adrenal medulla will become brown when oxidized by POTASSIUM BICHROMATE. This chromaffin reaction is due to the presence of ____________.

A

Catecholamines - epi and norepi

107
Q

Catecholamine that increases the heart rate and cardiac output without significantly increasing the BP and other metabolic effects

A

Epinephrine

108
Q

Catecholamine that is considered as the principal transmitter substance of adrenergic neurons

A

Norepinephrine - found in brain and peripheral tissues

109
Q

Gland that develops from the caudal part of the roof of the diencephalon

A

Pineal gland

110
Q

The pineal gland appears at what week of development

A

7th week of development

111
Q

Appears as an epithelial thickening on the midline by the 7th week of development then invaginates as a solid organ located at the roof of the mesothelium

A

Pineal gland

112
Q

Also known as epiphysis cerebri

A

Pineal gland

113
Q

Pineal gland is also known as

A

Epiphysis cerebri

114
Q

A slightly flattened cone shape appendage of the brain, attached to the roof of the 3rd ventricle

A

Pineal gland

115
Q

Attaches the pineal gland to the roof of the 3rd ventricle

A

Peduncle

116
Q

Cells of the pineal gland that is pale staining epitheloid cells with round or oval granular nuclei and prominent nucleoli

A

Pinealocytes

117
Q

Cells of the pineal gland which occur in the perivascular areas

A

Interstitial cells

118
Q

Cells of the pineal gland with darker and smaller nuclei and are less numerous

A

Interstitial cells

119
Q

Cells of the pineal gland that provide supporting network to the cells

A

Interstitial cells

120
Q

Mulberry shaped concretions largely of hydroxyapatite, which makes the radiological landmark of the pinealgland

A

Brain sand or
Corpora arenacea or
Psammoma’s bodies

121
Q

When does the pineal gland reaches its maximal development

A

Middle of the first decade then regresses later in life

122
Q

Gland that controls the onset of puberty

A

Pineal gland

123
Q

The pineal gland has high levels of serotonin and melatonin secreted by what cells?

A

Pinealocytes

124
Q

What are the two substances abundant in the pineal gland that are secreted by the pinealocytea

A

Serotonin and melatonin

125
Q

The endocrine function of the Pancreas is performed by?

A

Islets of langerhans

126
Q

Highly vascularized aggregation of secreting cells scattered all throughout the pancreas that is responsible for its endocrine function

A

Islets of Langerhans

127
Q

The islets of langerhans are numerous but composed of how many percent of the gland?

A

2 percent

128
Q

In what month of development does the islet of langerhans form?

A

3rd month of development

129
Q

Develops from the parenchymatous pancreatic tissue during the 3rd month of development

A

Islets of Langerhans

130
Q

Insulin secretion of the islets of langerhans begins when?

A

5th month of deveopment

131
Q

The islets of langerhans are kore abundant in what portion of the pancreas

A

Tail of the pancreas

132
Q

Principal cells of the Islets of Langerhans and their secretion

A

Alpha cells - glucagon
Beta - insulin
Delta - somatostatin

133
Q

Predominant cell type in the islets of langerhans, 60 - 90% of its mss

A

Beta cells

134
Q

Least abundant cell type that occurs anywhere in the islet of langerhans

A

Delta cells

135
Q

Cells that can be found at the periphery of the islet of langerhans

A

Alpha cells

136
Q

When sugar falls below optimal level, ______ cells are stimulated to secrete ________ , which raises blood sugar

A

Alpha cells, Glucagon

137
Q

When glucose levels rise too high, the ______ cells are stimulated to release ___________

A

Bet cells, insulin

138
Q

______ produced by _______ is capable of suppressing the secretion of insulin and glucagon

A

Delta cells, somatostatin

139
Q

Thick fibrous capsule enclosing the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

140
Q

Thin fibrous septa that extend radially dividing the testes into compartments

A

Lobuli testis

141
Q

Testis: develops from the mesenchyme between the seminiferous tubules, abundant during 4-6th months of development

A

Leydig cells of testis

142
Q

Leydig cells of testis are abundant when

A

4-6th months of development

143
Q

Endocrine component of the testis

A

Leydig cells

144
Q

Leydig cells ate found where

A

Interstitial spaces between semineferous tubules

145
Q

Proteinaceous crystals found in the testis that is peculiar to human

A

Reinke’s crystals

146
Q

Leydig cells synthesize?

A

Testosterone

147
Q

Slightly ovoid, flattened paired organs suspended on either side of the uterus

A

Ovaries

148
Q

Two zones of the ovaries

A

Central deeper zone - medulla

Broad outer zone - cortex

149
Q

As ovarian follicles increase in size, the theca folliculi differentiates into a highly vascular inner layer of secretory cells called? And outer layer composed mainly of connective tissue called?

A

Theca interna - internal layer

Theca externa - outer layer

150
Q

What specific layer of the ovarian follicle secretes estrogen

A

Theca interna

151
Q

What is the outer layer of the ovaries that is composed mainly of connective tissue?

A

Theca externa

152
Q

The outer layer of the ovaries is composed mainly of what kind of tissue?

A

Connective tissue

153
Q

Following _________, the follicular wall of the ovaries collapses and it’s granulosa cell lining is thrown into folds.

A

Ovulation

154
Q

Following ovulation, the _____________ of the ovaries collapses and it’s granulosa cell lining is thrown into folds.

A

Follicular wall

155
Q

Following ovulation, the follicular wall of the ovaries collapses and it’s _______________ is thrown into folds.

A

Granulosa cell lining

156
Q

Following ovulation, there is extravasation of blood from the capillaries of the theca interna that will result to __________?

A

Central clot

157
Q

Following ovulation, there is extravasation of blood from the capillaries of what layer of the ovaries? This will further result to a central clot.

A

Theca interna

158
Q

The theca interna and granulosa cells enlarge and acculumate lipid and are transformed into plump, pale staining, polygonal cells known as?

A

Lutein cells

159
Q

Plump, pale-staining, polygonal cells that is formed from the enlargement of the theca interna and granulosa cells and accumulation of lipid.

A

Lutein cells

160
Q

Plump, pale-staining, polygonal cells are formed from the enlargement of the what cells?

A

Theca interna and granulosa cells

161
Q

Plump, pale-staining, polygonal cells that is formed from the accumulation?

A

Lipid

162
Q

Enlargement of the the a interna and granulosa cells will form a structure known as the?

A

Corpus luteum

163
Q

The theca interna cells of the ovary is developed from the _________________ from the proliferation of cells in the stroma ovaii

A

Secondary cortical cords

164
Q

Two kinda of lutein cells

A

Theca lutein cells

Granulosa lutein cells

165
Q

Lutein cells that are peripheral, smaller and darker stained,

A

Theca lutein cells

166
Q

Lutein cells that secrete estrogen

A

Theca lutein cells

167
Q

Theca lutein cells secretes what?

A

Estrogen

168
Q

Kind of lutein cells that is larger than the other and secretes progesterone

A

Granulosa lutein cells

169
Q

Granulosa lutein cells secretes what?

A

Progesterone

170
Q

Other organs that have endocrine functions

A 
Placenta
Fat
Kidney
Heart
Thymus
171
Q

Placenta:

The _________ of the chorionic villi secretes HCG

A

Synctiotrophoblast

172
Q

Placenta:

The synctiotrophoblast of the chorionic villi secretes ______

A

HCG

173
Q

A special type of connective tissue wherein fat cells predominate

A

Adipose tissue

174
Q

Cells that have “signet-ring” appearance

A

Adipose cells

175
Q

What are the principal functions of adipose tissue?

A

SIM
Storage of fat
Insulation
Mechanical support

176
Q

What are the types of adipose tissue?

A

Yellow/white adipose

Brown adipose

177
Q

Common type of adipose tissue that comprises the bulk of the body’s fat

A

Yellow

178
Q

Adult or mature form of adipose tissue

A

Yellow

179
Q

Morphology of the yellow adipose tissue?

A

Unilocular

180
Q

Type of adipose found in subcutaneous tissue of the skin, omentum, mesenteries and retroperitoneal fat

A

Yellow

181
Q

Known as the fetal fat

A

Brown adipose

182
Q

Immature form of adipose tissue

A

Brown adipose

183
Q

Type of adipose that is multilocular in morphology

A

Brown adipose

184
Q

Brown adipose: morphology?

A

Multilocular

185
Q

Type of adipose that is unilocular

A

Yellow

186
Q

Type of adipose found in the interscapular and inguinal regions of the newborn

A

Brown adipose

187
Q

Kidney:

On one side of the wall of the afferent arteriole at the vascular pole becomes transformed into smooth muscle cells called?

A

JG cell

188
Q

Secreted by JG cells which activates angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

A

Renin

189
Q

A potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure

A

Angiotensin II

190
Q

Cells of the kidney that are also known as polar cushion or polkissens cells

A

Lacis cells or extraglomerular mesangial cells

191
Q

Cells that are formed at one angle between the afferent and efferent arteriole at the vascular pole

A

Lacis cells

192
Q

May produce erythropoietin

A

Lacis cells

193
Q

A hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin

194
Q

Organ located posterior to the sternum

A

Thymus

195
Q

Hormone produced by the thymus?

A

Thymosin

196
Q

Hormone that enables some types of white blood cells to mature and is important in developing the immune system

A

Thymosin

197
Q

Condition?

Hyposecretion of GH by the adenohypophysis

A

Pituitary dwarfism

198
Q

Condition?

Hypersecretion of GH during childhood

A

Gigantism

199
Q

Condition?

Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood

A

Acromegaly

200
Q

Condition?

Hyposecretion of ADH caused by damage to the neurohypophysis or the supraoptic nucleus

A

DI

201
Q

Condition?

Leads to an elevation of blood sugar and excretion of glucose in the urine

A

DM

202
Q

Condition?

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during the growth years. Two manifestations are dwarfism and mental retardation.

A

Cretinism

203
Q

Condition?

Hypothyroidism during adulthood. Hallmark of this disorder is an edema that causes the facial tissue to swell and look puffy.

A

Myxedema

204
Q

Condition?

Hyperthyroidism during adult life that gives rise to exopthalmic goiter

A

Grave’s disease

205
Q

Condition?

Muscle twitches or spasm and convulsions as a result of hypopatathyroidism (deficiency on calcium?

A

Tetany

206
Q

Condition?

Hypoparathyroidism that causes demineralization of bone

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

207
Q

Condition?

Hypersecretion of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, characterized by a decrease in the body’s potassium concentration

A

Aldosteronism

208
Q

Condition?

Primary adrenal insufficiency that results in hyposecretion of glucocorticoids

A

Addison’s disease

209
Q

Condition?

Clinical manifestations include lethargy, weight loss, and hypoglycemia, which leads to muscular weakness

A

Addison’s disease

210
Q

Condition?

Hyper secretion of glucocorticoids especially cortisone and cortisol

A

Cushing’s syndrome

211
Q

Condition?

Clinical manifestation includes moon face, buffalo hump and the back and pendulous abdomen

A

Cushing’s syndrome

212
Q

Condition?

Tumor of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla that causes hypersecretion of the medullary hormones

A

Pheochromocytoma

213
Q

Second messenger system of the body

A

Endocrine system

214
Q

Hormone levels in the blood are maintained by?

A

Negative feedback

215
Q

Hormonal secretions are poured directly to the blood through the capillaries. The glands are ________

A. With ducts
B. Ductless

A

B. Ductless

Histology Module 6 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions