Special Senses Flashcards
Who is affected by Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae
Young turkey poults
What syndrome does Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae cause?
Acute septicemia or GI, brain, eye disease
What ocular clinical signs are seen with Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae
Ocular opacity/blindness
What does Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae do in reptiles?
Osteotropic, so causes osteomyelitis
Key histo with Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae
Heterophilic ophthalmitis with gram - bacilli
Meningitis
Which cryptococcus species affects immunocompetent cats?
Cryptococcus gatii
How to stain crytococcus?
Mucicarcine stains capsule (only fungus that does this)
Key histo for cryptococcus
Soap bubble appearance, narrow-based budding yeast
Cryptococcus virulence factors
Mucopolysaccharide capsule
Phenoloxidase (forms melanin, which is antioxidant)
Serine protease
Urease
Blastomyces fungus type
Dimorphic
Most common intraocular mycosis in dogs
Blastomyces
Key histo with blastomyces in eye
Broad-based budding yeast, pyogranulomatous endophthalmitis
Most common disease cause by blastomycosis
Pulmonary infection
Virulence factors for blastomyces
BAD-1 - adhesion
Alpha-1,3-glucan
Melanin
Weird sequel on clin path with blastomyces
Hypercalcemia of granulomatous disease due to excess 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol from macrophages
What breed gets ERU?
Appaloosas
What is seen with ERU, clinically?
Recurring, intensifying anterior uveitis and eventual blindness
What entity is implicated with ERU?
Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona
Pathogenesis for ERU
Hypersensitivity type III (Ag-Ab complexes)
Key histo with ERU
Lymphoid or neutrophilic nodules in iris and ciliary body
Amyloid-like material over nonpigmented inner ciliary epithelium
Linear eosinophilic inclusions in apical cytoplasm of non-pigmented ciliary epithelium
How do cats get otitis media, vs dogs?
In cats, usually ascending through auditory tube
Key histo with otitis media?
Pseudoglands
Cholesterol granulomas
Myringitis
Polypoid mucoperiosteal proliferation with goblet cell hyperplasia
What type of organism is prototheca?
Unicellular endosporulating algae
What does prototheca cause in cattle?
Mastitis
What does prototheca cause in dogs?
GI/disseminated disease (Hemorrhagic necrotizing ulcerative enterocolitis)
What does prototheca cause in cats?
Skin disease
What dog breeds are predisposed to prototheca?
Boxer and collies
When do dogs get ocular lesions from prototheca?
With disseminated form
Key histo with prototheca
Sporangia with internal tripartite septations
Endospores
Lymphoplasmacytic to granulomatous panuveitis
Who gets congenital glaucoma? What gene is mutated?
NZW rabbits; Bu gene
Pathognomonic sign with glaucoma
Optic disc cupping
What dog breeds get inherited retinal dysplasia?
English springer spaniels
Mini schnauzers
Collies
Labs (COL9A3)
Samoyeds (COL9A2)
Key histo with retinal dysplasia
Rosettes, nuclear layer blending, disorganization
Scarring/inflammation if secondary
What causes phacolytic uveitis?
Leakage of lens proteins through capsule
What causes phacoclastic uveitis?
Lens capsule rupture
What causes phacoclastic uveitis in rabbits?
E. cuniculi
What does phacoclastic uveitis lead to in cats?
Intraocular sarcoma
What dog breeds get uveodermatologic syndrome?
Arctic breed dogs (akitas)
Cause of uveodermatologic syndrome?
In akitas- DLA class II gene
Autoimmune targeting of melanocytes
Key gross appearance of uveodermatologic syndrome?
Facial dermal depigmentation (vitiligo)
Bilateral uveitis**
Key histo with uveodermatologic syndrome? (in eye and skin)
Granulomatous panuveitis
Histiocytic lichenoid interface dermatitis
Melanin dispersion***
Who gets corneal lipid dystrophy (two species)
Female anurans
Rabbits (NZW, Watanabe, Dutch-belted)
Key histo with corneal lipid dystrophy
Cholesterol crystals, lipid-laden macrophages in anterior corneal stroma
Key histo with pannus
Subepithelial granulation tissue and vascularization
Key histo with nasopharyngeal polyp
Fibrovascular core with ciliated respiratory epithelium, pseudoglands, ulceration, squamous metaplasia
Primary scleral disease in dogs
Granulomatous nodular episcleritis
Who gets granulomatous nodular episcleritis
Collies and Shetland sheepdogs
Clinical presentation with GNE
Nodular lesions at the limbus
Key histo with GNE
Proliferative, non-encapsulated mix of histiocytes, spindle cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes
How to differentiate GNE from necrotizing scleritis
No collagenolysis or discrete granulomas in GNE
Breeds predisposed to collie eye anomaly
Sheepdogs, Aussies, Collies
Earliest lesion in collie eye anomaly
Defective RPE formation, so rosettes
Cause of collie eye anomaly
Autosomal recessive NHEJ1 gene
Four characteristic lesions with collie eye anomaly
Choroidal hypoplasia
Coloboma
Retinal detachment/dysplasia
Intraocular hemorrhage
What is hypertensive retinopathy most often associated with?
Chronic renal failure
Key histo with hypertensive retinopathy?
Fibrinoid necrosis of retinal and choroidal vessels
Which breeds get corneal sequestra?
Persian and Himalayan cats
Key histo with corneal sequestrum
Necrosis (coagulative) of stromal keratinocytes with orange/brown discoloration
Who gets ocular dermoids?
Polled herefords
Most significant cytokine to the development of PIFMs
VEGF
What mice breeds get inherited retinal degeneration? Cause?
CH3 and FVB mice
rd gene- encodes cGMP phosphodiesterase
What cats get retinal degeneration?
Abyssinian and Persian
How is retinal degeneration different from glaucoma?
Start with outer layers
Key histo with nutritional cataracts
Lens fiber liquefaction
Morgagnian globules
Bladder cells
Posterior epithelial migration
Fibrometaplasia of lens epithelium
Mineralization
Lens collapse
Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from in cattle?
Bulbar conjunctiva
Where does SCC arise from in horses?
3rd eyelid
Where does SCC arise from in cats?
Eyelid
Most common intraocular tumor of dogs
Anterior uveal melanocytoma
Most common intraocular tumor of cats
Iris melanoma
Where does metastatic lymphoma occur in the eye? Associated with what viruses?
Anterior uvea; Marek’s and BLV
Where does ciliary body adenocarcinoma come from?
Anterior uveal neuroectoderm (non-pigmented inner layer of pars plicata)
Staining profile of ciliary body adenocarcinoma
NSE, S100, vimentin positive, PAS positive basal lamina
CK positive in adenocarcinomas, negative in adenomas
Which ceruminous gland tumor do cats get?
Adenocarcinoma
Post-traumatic ocular sarcomas are the second most common ocular neoplasm in ____________. But they were also just reported in _________ and _______________.
Cats.
Rabbits and a calf
What causes FPOTS
Lens trauma
IHC for FPOTS
lens structural crystalline protein alpha A
Trematode metacercaria found in fish eye lens
Diplostomum spathaceum
Diplostomum spathaceum DH? 1st IH? 2nd IH?
DH- piscivorous birds
1st IH- gastropod
2nd IH- fish
Nonburrowing rabbit ear mite
Psoroptes cuniculi
Filarid nematode associated with nodular scleral masses
Onchocerca lupi
Intermediate host of onchocerca
Flies/midges
Viruses causing Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1
Ovine herpesvirus-2
Caprine herpesvirus-2
Key histo with MCF in the eye
Lymphoproliferative vasculitis
What causes sialodacryoadenitis virus?
Coronavirus
What is affected by sialodacryoadenitis virus?
Serous glands, NOT mucous glands, of rats
Key histo with sialodacryoadenitis virus
Necrotizing inflammation of serous glands, squamous metaplasia of ducts/acini
What kind of virus is chelonid herpesvirus-5?
Alphaherpesvirus
Who is affected by chelonid herpesvirus 5?
Green see turtles
Key histo with chelonid herpesvirus 5?
Cutaneous fibropapilloma with INIBs
