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Systemics- Hemolymphatics and Special Senses > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Who is affected by Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae

A

Young turkey poults

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2
Q

What syndrome does Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae cause?

A

Acute septicemia or GI, brain, eye disease

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3
Q

What ocular clinical signs are seen with Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae

A

Ocular opacity/blindness

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4
Q

What does Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae do in reptiles?

A

Osteotropic, so causes osteomyelitis

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5
Q

Key histo with Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae

A

Heterophilic ophthalmitis with gram - bacilli
Meningitis

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6
Q

Which cryptococcus species affects immunocompetent cats?

A

Cryptococcus gatii

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7
Q

How to stain crytococcus?

A

Mucicarcine stains capsule (only fungus that does this)

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8
Q

Key histo for cryptococcus

A

Soap bubble appearance, narrow-based budding yeast

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9
Q

Cryptococcus virulence factors

A

Mucopolysaccharide capsule
Phenoloxidase (forms melanin, which is antioxidant)
Serine protease
Urease

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10
Q

Blastomyces fungus type

A

Dimorphic

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11
Q

Most common intraocular mycosis in dogs

A

Blastomyces

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12
Q

Key histo with blastomyces in eye

A

Broad-based budding yeast, pyogranulomatous endophthalmitis

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13
Q

Most common disease cause by blastomycosis

A

Pulmonary infection

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14
Q

Virulence factors for blastomyces

A

BAD-1 - adhesion
Alpha-1,3-glucan
Melanin

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15
Q

Weird sequel on clin path with blastomyces

A

Hypercalcemia of granulomatous disease due to excess 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol from macrophages

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16
Q

What breed gets ERU?

A

Appaloosas

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17
Q

What is seen with ERU, clinically?

A

Recurring, intensifying anterior uveitis and eventual blindness

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18
Q

What entity is implicated with ERU?

A

Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona

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19
Q

Pathogenesis for ERU

A

Hypersensitivity type III (Ag-Ab complexes)

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20
Q

Key histo with ERU

A

Lymphoid or neutrophilic nodules in iris and ciliary body
Amyloid-like material over nonpigmented inner ciliary epithelium
Linear eosinophilic inclusions in apical cytoplasm of non-pigmented ciliary epithelium

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21
Q

How do cats get otitis media, vs dogs?

A

In cats, usually ascending through auditory tube

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22
Q

Key histo with otitis media?

A

Pseudoglands
Cholesterol granulomas
Myringitis
Polypoid mucoperiosteal proliferation with goblet cell hyperplasia

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23
Q

What type of organism is prototheca?

A

Unicellular endosporulating algae

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24
Q

What does prototheca cause in cattle?

A

Mastitis

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25
Q

What does prototheca cause in dogs?

A

GI/disseminated disease (Hemorrhagic necrotizing ulcerative enterocolitis)

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26
Q

What does prototheca cause in cats?

A

Skin disease

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27
Q

What dog breeds are predisposed to prototheca?

A

Boxer and collies

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28
Q

When do dogs get ocular lesions from prototheca?

A

With disseminated form

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29
Q

Key histo with prototheca

A

Sporangia with internal tripartite septations
Endospores
Lymphoplasmacytic to granulomatous panuveitis

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30
Q

Who gets congenital glaucoma? What gene is mutated?

A

NZW rabbits; Bu gene

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31
Q

Pathognomonic sign with glaucoma

A

Optic disc cupping

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32
Q

What dog breeds get inherited retinal dysplasia?

A

English springer spaniels
Mini schnauzers
Collies
Labs (COL9A3)
Samoyeds (COL9A2)

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33
Q

Key histo with retinal dysplasia

A

Rosettes, nuclear layer blending, disorganization
Scarring/inflammation if secondary

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34
Q

What causes phacolytic uveitis?

A

Leakage of lens proteins through capsule

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35
Q

What causes phacoclastic uveitis?

A

Lens capsule rupture

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36
Q

What causes phacoclastic uveitis in rabbits?

A

E. cuniculi

37
Q

What does phacoclastic uveitis lead to in cats?

A

Intraocular sarcoma

38
Q

What dog breeds get uveodermatologic syndrome?

A

Arctic breed dogs (akitas)

39
Q

Cause of uveodermatologic syndrome?

A

In akitas- DLA class II gene
Autoimmune targeting of melanocytes

40
Q

Key gross appearance of uveodermatologic syndrome?

A

Facial dermal depigmentation (vitiligo)
Bilateral uveitis**

41
Q

Key histo with uveodermatologic syndrome? (in eye and skin)

A

Granulomatous panuveitis
Histiocytic lichenoid interface dermatitis
Melanin dispersion***

42
Q

Who gets corneal lipid dystrophy (two species)

A

Female anurans
Rabbits (NZW, Watanabe, Dutch-belted)

43
Q

Key histo with corneal lipid dystrophy

A

Cholesterol crystals, lipid-laden macrophages in anterior corneal stroma

44
Q

Key histo with pannus

A

Subepithelial granulation tissue and vascularization

45
Q

Key histo with nasopharyngeal polyp

A

Fibrovascular core with ciliated respiratory epithelium, pseudoglands, ulceration, squamous metaplasia

46
Q

Primary scleral disease in dogs

A

Granulomatous nodular episcleritis

47
Q

Who gets granulomatous nodular episcleritis

A

Collies and Shetland sheepdogs

48
Q

Clinical presentation with GNE

A

Nodular lesions at the limbus

49
Q

Key histo with GNE

A

Proliferative, non-encapsulated mix of histiocytes, spindle cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes

50
Q

How to differentiate GNE from necrotizing scleritis

A

No collagenolysis or discrete granulomas in GNE

51
Q

Breeds predisposed to collie eye anomaly

A

Sheepdogs, Aussies, Collies

52
Q

Earliest lesion in collie eye anomaly

A

Defective RPE formation, so rosettes

53
Q

Cause of collie eye anomaly

A

Autosomal recessive NHEJ1 gene

54
Q

Four characteristic lesions with collie eye anomaly

A

Choroidal hypoplasia
Coloboma
Retinal detachment/dysplasia
Intraocular hemorrhage

55
Q

What is hypertensive retinopathy most often associated with?

A

Chronic renal failure

56
Q

Key histo with hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Fibrinoid necrosis of retinal and choroidal vessels

57
Q

Which breeds get corneal sequestra?

A

Persian and Himalayan cats

58
Q

Key histo with corneal sequestrum

A

Necrosis (coagulative) of stromal keratinocytes with orange/brown discoloration

59
Q

Who gets ocular dermoids?

A

Polled herefords

60
Q

Most significant cytokine to the development of PIFMs

A

VEGF

61
Q

What mice breeds get inherited retinal degeneration? Cause?

A

CH3 and FVB mice
rd gene- encodes cGMP phosphodiesterase

62
Q

What cats get retinal degeneration?

A

Abyssinian and Persian

63
Q

How is retinal degeneration different from glaucoma?

A

Start with outer layers

64
Q

Key histo with nutritional cataracts

A

Lens fiber liquefaction
Morgagnian globules
Bladder cells
Posterior epithelial migration
Fibrometaplasia of lens epithelium
Mineralization
Lens collapse

65
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from in cattle?

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

66
Q

Where does SCC arise from in horses?

A

3rd eyelid

67
Q

Where does SCC arise from in cats?

A

Eyelid

68
Q

Most common intraocular tumor of dogs

A

Anterior uveal melanocytoma

69
Q

Most common intraocular tumor of cats

A

Iris melanoma

70
Q

Where does metastatic lymphoma occur in the eye? Associated with what viruses?

A

Anterior uvea; Marek’s and BLV

71
Q

Where does ciliary body adenocarcinoma come from?

A

Anterior uveal neuroectoderm (non-pigmented inner layer of pars plicata)

72
Q

Staining profile of ciliary body adenocarcinoma

A

NSE, S100, vimentin positive, PAS positive basal lamina
CK positive in adenocarcinomas, negative in adenomas

73
Q

Which ceruminous gland tumor do cats get?

A

Adenocarcinoma

74
Q

Post-traumatic ocular sarcomas are the second most common ocular neoplasm in ____________. But they were also just reported in _________ and _______________.

A

Cats.
Rabbits and a calf

75
Q

What causes FPOTS

A

Lens trauma

76
Q

IHC for FPOTS

A

lens structural crystalline protein alpha A

77
Q

Trematode metacercaria found in fish eye lens

A

Diplostomum spathaceum

78
Q

Diplostomum spathaceum DH? 1st IH? 2nd IH?

A

DH- piscivorous birds
1st IH- gastropod
2nd IH- fish

79
Q

Nonburrowing rabbit ear mite

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

80
Q

Filarid nematode associated with nodular scleral masses

A

Onchocerca lupi

81
Q

Intermediate host of onchocerca

A

Flies/midges

82
Q

Viruses causing Malignant Catarrhal Fever

A

Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1
Ovine herpesvirus-2
Caprine herpesvirus-2

83
Q

Key histo with MCF in the eye

A

Lymphoproliferative vasculitis

84
Q

What causes sialodacryoadenitis virus?

A

Coronavirus

85
Q

What is affected by sialodacryoadenitis virus?

A

Serous glands, NOT mucous glands, of rats

86
Q

Key histo with sialodacryoadenitis virus

A

Necrotizing inflammation of serous glands, squamous metaplasia of ducts/acini

87
Q

What kind of virus is chelonid herpesvirus-5?

A

Alphaherpesvirus

88
Q

Who is affected by chelonid herpesvirus 5?

A

Green see turtles

89
Q

Key histo with chelonid herpesvirus 5?

A

Cutaneous fibropapilloma with INIBs

Systemics- Hemolymphatics and Special Senses (5 decks)

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