Special Senses

Question 1

Special Senses

Answer 1

Olfactory (smell), Gustatory (taste), Hearing and Equilibrium, Sight

Question 2

Sense of Smell

Answer 2

Odor, Receptor Cell, Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Tract, Limbic System

Question 3

Taste Sensations

Answer 3

Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty, Savory (Umami)

Question 4

Umami

Answer 4

A savory taste, is one of the five basic tastes, together with sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. A loanword from the Japanese umami can be translated “pleasant savory taste”

Question 5

Outer Ear

Answer 5

Auricle, Auditory Canal

Question 6

Auricle

Answer 6

Collects sound waves

Question 7

Auditory Canal

Answer 7

Filter air, funnels sound

Question 8

Middle Ear

Answer 8

Eardrum, Auditory Ossicles, Auditory (eustachian) Tube, Tympanic Cavity

Question 9

Auditory Ossicles

Answer 9

Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Transmit vibrations and amplifies sound

Question 10

Auditory (eustachian) Tube

Answer 10

Equalize air pressure (connection of middle and throat)

Question 11

Tympanic Cavity

Answer 11

Transmit sound

Question 12

Inner Ear (Labyrinth)

Answer 12

Semicircular Canals, Cochlea, Organ of Corti, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Round Window

Question 13

Semicircular Canals

Answer 13

Helps with equilibrium

Question 14

Cochlea

Answer 14

Hearing - Turn vibrations into electrical impulses

Question 15

Organ of Corti

Answer 15

Hairlike receptors that vibrate as sound hits them

Question 16

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Answer 16

Sends hearing and balance info to brain

Question 17

Round Window

Answer 17

Decompressed vibration energy in the cochlea

Question 18

How hearing works

Answer 18

1. Sound waves enter the external auditory canal
2. Eardrum vibrates
3. Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) amplify vibrations
4. Stapes hit the oval window and transmit vibrations to the cochlea
5. Organs of Corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations
6. Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea
   We lose hearing when fibers of hair cells inside the cochlea are damaged by loud noises

Question 19

Associated Structures of Eye

Answer 19

Conjunctiva, Extrinsic Eye Muscles, Lacrimal Glands

Question 20

Conjunctiva

Answer 20

Covering around the eye and under the eyelids
Pink Eye - also known as conjunctivitis (from bacteria, very contagious)

Question 21

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Answer 21

Move the eye

Question 22

Lacrimal Glands

Answer 22

Produce tears, which drain into the nasal cavity via the lacrimal duct

Question 23

Outer Tunic of the Eye

Answer 23

Cornea, Sclera, Optic Nerve

Question 24

Cornea

Answer 24

Transport dome that focuses light

Question 25

Sclera

Answer 25

Continuation of cornea, going toward the back of the eye (white of the eye)

Question 26

Optic Nerve

Answer 26

Exits at the optic disk and transmits information from the eye to the occipital lobe of the brain

Question 27

MiddleTunic of the Eye

Answer 27

Choroid, Ciliary Body, Lens, Iris, Pupil, Aqueous Humor

Question 28

Choroid

Answer 28

Contains blood vessels

Question 29

Ciliary Body

Answer 29

Holds the lens in place

Question 30

Lens

Answer 30

Focusing

Question 31

Iris

Answer 31

Colored portion of the eye

Question 32

Pupil

Answer 32

Opening for light to enter

Question 33

Aqueous Humor

Answer 33

Liquid surrounding the lens

Question 34

Inner Tuni of the Eye

Answer 34

Retina, Fovea Centralis, Optic Disc, Vitreous Humor

Question 35

Retina

Answer 35

Has photoreceptors, which are sensors for light

Question 36

Fovea Centralis

Answer 36

Region of the sharpest vision, also called the macula

Question 37

Optic Disc

Answer 37

Where nerve fibers leave the eye, creating the blind spot

Question 38

Vitreous Humor

Answer 38

Supports internal parts, and fluid within the eye

Question 39

Photoreceptors

Answer 39

Rods, Cones

Question 40

Rods

Answer 40

Monochromatic (black and white) Most sensitive to brightness of light

Question 41

Cones

Answer 41

Color Vision (red, yellow, blue)

Question 42

How does the Eye work?

Answer 42

Accommodation - Lens changes shape to facilitate focusing. Images are projected to the back of the eye (focal points) The lens reverses the image - objects are seen upside-down The lens is connected to ciliary bodies (suspensory ligaments) that contract and relax to change the shape of the lens

Question 43

Problems with Focusing

Answer 43

Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism

Question 44

Myopia

Answer 44

Eye slightly longer, nearsighted

Question 45

Hyperopia

Answer 45

Eye shorter, farsighted

Question 46

Astigmatism

Answer 46

irregularities in cornea or lens