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Histology 2 > Special Senses 1 > Flashcards

Special Senses 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 types of papillae

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
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2
Q

Which papillae do not contain taste buds

A

Filiform

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3
Q

Roughly how many taste buds exist in the oral cavity

A

3000

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4
Q

What is at the surface of a taste bud

A

An apical taste pore

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5
Q

Name the 3 cell types within a taste bud

A
  1. Sensory cells or taste receptor cells
  2. Support cells
  3. Basal cells
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6
Q

What do the sensory cells contain

A

Apical microvilli with chemical receptors at the apical pore

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7
Q

What is the lifespan of the sensory and support cells

A

Around 10-14 days

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8
Q

What are the 5 principal tastes

A
  1. Sweet
  2. Sour
  3. Bitter
  4. Salty
  5. Umami
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9
Q

What happens when an appropriate chemical enters the taste pore and binds to a receptor

A

It releases neurotransmitters from the receptor cell (which are epithelial), that stimulate sensory nerve endings

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10
Q

Describe the olfactory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar (lacks goblet cells)

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11
Q

What grows out from the olfactory bulb

A

Olfactor nerves, which dive down through the cribriform plate

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12
Q

Name the 3 cells of the olfactory epithelium

A
  1. Olfactory receptor cells
  2. Support cells (or sustentacular cells)
  3. Basal cells
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13
Q

What extends above the olfactory epithelial layer, coming from the olfactory receptor cells

A

Olfactory vesicle with 10-20 long non-motile cilia attached

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14
Q

What type of epithelium is the olfactory mucosa

A

Neuroepithelium

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15
Q

Roughly how many odorants can our bodies detect

A

Around 10,000

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16
Q

What do the olfactory support cells secrete

A

Odorant binding proteins

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17
Q

What is the lifespan of an olfactory receptor cell

A

Around a month

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18
Q

What do Bowman’s glands help to do in the nasal cavity

A

Solubilise the odorant, allowing it to interact better with the neuroepithelium

19
Q

What layers does the olfactory mucosa consist of

A
  1. Olfactory epithelium

2. Lamina propria (underneath)

20
Q

What does the lamina propria contain

A
  1. Connective tissue
  2. Blood vessels (warm the air)
  3. Bowman’s glands
  4. Bundles of axons (from receptor cells)
21
Q

What glands exist within the ear canal (external auditory meatus)

A
  1. Sebaceous

2. Ceruminous glands

22
Q

What do the ceruminous glands produce

A

Cerumin, a yellowish waxy substance

23
Q

How many layers does the tympanic membrane have; and describe them

A

Three layers

  1. Outer layer of thin epidermis
  2. Middle layer of collagenous connective tissue
  3. Inner layer of simple cuboidal
24
Q

What does the round window allow

A

Allows for pressure changes to move through the cochlea

25
Q

How many spirals exist in the cochlea

A

2.5 turns

26
Q

Name the membranes that separate the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

A
  1. Basilar membrane

2. Vestibular membrane

27
Q

What is the function of the organ of Corti

A

Changes the vibrations into electrical impulses that are then sent to the brain

28
Q

Name the central core of the cochlea

A

The modiolus

29
Q

Name the three compartments of the cochlea

A
  1. Scala vestibuli
  2. Scala tympani
  3. Cochlear duct between them
30
Q

Where do the scala tympani and scala vestibuli communicate with each other

A

At the very tip of the cochlea, at the Helicotrema

31
Q

What structures detect sound on the organ of Corti

A

Stereocilia:

  1. Inner
  2. Outer
32
Q

What row of stereocilia do we hear with

A

One row of inner stereocilia

33
Q

What do the stereocilia move against to allow us to hear

A

The tectorial membrane

34
Q

How many semicircular canals are located within each inner ear

A

Three:

  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Lateral
35
Q

What do the hair cells in the utricle and saccule detect

A

Head position

36
Q

What do the hair cells in the semicircular canals detect

A

Movement

37
Q

What exists within the ampulla of each semicircular canal

A

A sensory organ called the crista ampullaris

38
Q

What does the crista ampullaris consist of

A

A core of connective tissue bulging into the lumen with a covering of epithelium containing hair cells with stereocilia

39
Q

Where are the stereocilia located

A

Embedded within a dome called the cupola

40
Q

What happens to the cupola when the head turns

A

The movement of the fluid bows the cupola, and in turns bends the stereocilia

41
Q

What is the small patch of sensory epithelium in the vestibule of the semicircular canals

A

Macula

42
Q

What do the stereocilia contain on their surface

A

Crystals of calcium carbonate and protein, called otoconia

43
Q

Why do the otoconia move under gravity

A

They are denser than the surrounding endolymph fluid; thus under gravity, they will get misplaced

Histology 2 (9 decks)

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