Special Populations Flashcards by Bailey Black

Exercise guidelines for CAD mode

Low-intensity endurance exercise gradually progressed to moderate-intensity
Avoid isometric exercises
1 set of 12-15 reps of 8-10 exercises
Begin at 40-50% HRR
RPE of 9-11
30 minutes or more of continuous or interval training
3-5 days per week of aerobic training and 2 days of resistance training

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for hypertension

Endurance exercise should be primary mode
Isometric should be avoided
Low resistance and high reps
RPE 9-13
40-65% HRR
Gradual warm-ups and cool-downs
40-60 min sessions
4-7 days per week

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coronary artery disease

A narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood and oxygen
Caused by inflammatory response within arterial walls resulting from an initial injury and the deposition of plaque and cholesterol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Potential benefits of exercise for Type 1 diabetes

Improved functional capacity, reduced risk for CAD, and improved insulin-receptor sensitivity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Potential benefits of exercise for Type 2 diabetes

Prevention of CAD, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and others diabetes-related complications
Combination of weight loss and exercise can positively affect lipid levels, thereby lowering a type 2 diabetic’s risk for heart disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for diabetes

General aerobic endurance
2x a week resistance training
8-12 reps for 8-10 exercises
Monitor blood glucose
Moderate intensity
Type 1: gradually work up to 30 min or more per session
Type 2: 40-60 min
5-6 days per week
May need to start with several shorter daily sessions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metabolic syndrome

A cluster of conditions that puts a person at an increased risk for developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke
Must have 3 of the following: Elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for metabolic syndrome

non-weight bearing activities for obese clients
2x a week resistance training
8-12 reps for 8-10 exercises
Begin at low intensity and gradually progress
200-300 minutes
3-5 days, preferably daily

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Asthma

chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by: shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for asthma

Typically can follow general population exercise guidelines
Should be cleared by his or her physician

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Precautions/recommendations for asthma and exercise

Have rescue medication at all times
Drink plenty of fluids
Avoid asthma triggers
Gradual and prolonged warm-ups and cool-downs
Peak exercise intensity should be determined by client’s conditioning state and asthma severity
Best to exercise in mid-to-late morning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Consistent exercise benefits clients with arthritis by

Improving daily function and enhancing quality of life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cancer

Group of diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Precautions for exercise and cancer

Anemic clients should not exercise without physician clearance
Neutropenia clients should consider avoiding public gyms
Frequent vomiting/diarrhea - check with physicians before resuming exercise
Thrombocytopenia - avoid activities that increase risk of falling and physical contact
Catheter - avoid aquatic exercise
Should not exercise within 2 hours of chemotherapy or radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for cancer

Clients in remission and good conditioning may be able to increase intensity
Focus on duration and consistency rather than intensity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osteoporosis

Characterized by low bone mass and disrupted microarchitecture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for osteoporosis

Exclude any jarring, high-impact activities
Balance and coordination should be included
High intensities
Can be short (5-10 minutes)
Multiple bouts of bone-loading exercises

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arthritis precautions

Avoid jarring exercises
All joints should be moved through full ROM at least once a day
Emphasize proper body alignment and exercise technique
Clients may be more limited by joint pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Consistent exercise benefits clients with arthritis by

Improving daily function and enhancing quality of life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome

Activities of daily living and walking
Low-intensity
“Regular” pattern of activity
Begin with multiple 2-5 minute exercise periods
Gradually build up to 30 minutes
3-5 days per week

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clients with low back pain should avoid

Unsupported forward flexion
Twisting at the waist
Lifting both legs simultaneously
Rapid movements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Exercise recommendations for low back pain

Should consult with a physician
Maintain neutral pelvic alignment and an erect torso

Exercise guidelines for low back pain

Core strengthening exercises
Light to moderate intensity
Progress to moderate to vigorous intensity
3-5 days per week
Specific back health exercises daily

Exercise considerations for pregnancy

Not the time to set records
Abdominal separation
Pelvic floor health
Supine position exercises
Excess hormones
Lifting large amount of weight overhead/over belly

Abdominal separation

Diastasis recti Intra-abdominal pressure Coning or bulging

Pelvic floor health

Increased pressure on pelvic floor Urinary incontinence

Prolonged supine position

Compress inferior vena cava Restricts blood flow (can cause dizziness and tingling)

Excess hormones

Relaxin Joint laxity (increased injury risk) Ligament pain Pelvic girdle pain

DOs with pregnancy

Eat a small snack prior to exercise Stay hydrated Wear supportive clothing Modify exercises as needed

DON'Ts with pregnancy

Exercise until absolute exhaustion Participate in excessive jumping or bouncing movements Participate in contact sports in the 2nd and 3rd trimester

Complications/concerns for pregnancy

Preeclampsia Gestational diabetes Medications Multiple babies Bleeding/premature labor

Exercise recommendations for pregnancy

Do not begin a vigorous exercise program shortly before or during pregnancy Previously active may continue as tolerated Not previously active may need to begin slowly Gradually reduce volume Use RPE scale Avoid prolonged exercise in the supine position Focus on proper fluid intake

Importance of exercise for older adults

Essential to maintain independence and quality of life

Physiological aspects of aging Cardiovascular

Decreases in max HR, SV, max cardiac output, max oxygen uptake Increased blood pressure (resting and exercise)

Physiological aspects of aging Environmental

Decreased cold tolerance (heat production/blood redistribution) and heat tolerance (sweat capacity/blood redistribution)

Physiological aspects of aging Musculoskeletal

Decreased lean body mass, muscle strength, bone mineral density, flexibility Increased fat mass

Physiological aspects of aging Metabolic

Decreased glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, basal metabolic rate

Physiological aspects of aging

Decreased balance Slower reaction time

Exercise guidelines for older adults

Endurance should be primary mode Low resistance and high reps, include balance exercises Low to moderate intensity Longer warm-ups and cool-downs Gradually increase duration to 30-60 minutes At least 5 days per week

Exercise prescription for older adults

TRAIN POWER

Considerations for exercise programming for children 6-9 years old

Motor skill development - agility, balance, speed, flexibility, bodyweight resistance training and general sports skills

Considerations for exercise programming for children 9-12 years old

Continue skill development - resistance training with low weight, high reps, and emphasis on form and technique

Considerations for exercise programming for children 12-16

build aerobic and strength base; train sports specific skills

Considerations for exercise programming for 16-18 years old

Optimize fitness, specific skills and performance; develop maximal strength and power

Considerations for exercise programming 18+ years old

Maximize fitness and sports performance

Exercise programming considerations for children

-Assess readiness and program accordingly -Avoid early specialization -Beware of: increased risk of injury, increased dropout and burnout rates, increased psychological stress

Reasons for injuries in children

Poor overall strength levels Incorrect landing mechanics Inefficient acceleration and running techniques Improper deceleration mechanics Inefficient flexibility/mobility Quadriceps and limb dominance

Reasons for increased dropout rates for children

Loss of enjoyment of sports Shortened periods of peak performance Before age 13-15 there is no understanding of what commitment is necessary to strive for elite athlete status

Psychological stress in children

Top three reasons: adults, coaches, and parents Social deficits Early specialization requires long, strict, and organized practices that are not fun Causes loss of love for sport and feelings of pressure

Continuum of training for children

1. FUNdamental 2. Learning to train + weightlifting skills 3. Training to train 4.Training to compete 5. Training to win

Reasons young athletes give for participation

Having fun Being with friends Improving skills

Strategies for understanding the young athlete

-Structure environment to increase motivation -Downplay social comparisons and focus on individual performance goals -Provide time for peer relationships (emphasize teamwork) -Adopt effective coaching strategies -Educate the athlete's parents

Exercise guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome

Activities of daily living and walking Low-intensity "Regular" pattern of activity Begin with multiple 2-5 minute exercise periods 3-5 days/week