Fitness Assessment and Principles of Testing/Blood Pressure

Question 1

Benefits of regular physical activity

Answer 1

Guards against non-communicable diseases
-Protects against 25+ chronic medical conditions

Question 2

Physical inactivity risk =

Answer 2

Risk from smoking and obesity combined

Question 3

Inactive children tend to become

Answer 3

Inactive adults

Question 4

Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults

Answer 4

≥150 min/week of moderate intensity OR ≥75 min/week vigorous intensity
PLUS
≥2 days/week strength training

Question 5

Physical Activity Recommendations for Children

Answer 5

≥60 min/day of moderate to vigorous intensity
≥3 days/week vigorous intensity
≥3 days/week of bone-strengthening activities

Question 6

What is a MET

Answer 6

MET = metabolic equivalent
1 MET = energy cost at rest
measure of intensity

Question 7

Exercise intensity levels using METS

Answer 7

Light: < 3 METS
Moderate: 3-6 METS
Vigorous: > 6 METS

Question 8

Moderate intensity exercises

Answer 8

Brisk walk
Water aerobics
Slow bicycling (<10 mph)
Ballroom dancing
General gardening

Question 9

Vigorous intensity exercises

Answer 9

Jogging or running
Lap swimming
Bicycling (>10 mph)
Aerobic dancing
Heavy gardening
Backpacking

Question 10

Accreditation vs certification vs licensure

Answer 10

Accreditation: a process by which an institution or program (such as a university, college, or training program) is evaluated against established standards to ensure quality and effectiveness.
Certification: a voluntary process by which an individual, product, service, or system is evaluated against predetermined standards to demonstrate competency, skill, or quality.
Licensure: official permission granted by a government authority for individuals or organizations to engage in a regulated profession or activity, typically after meeting specific education, training, and examination criteria.

Question 11

Validity

Answer 11

Degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 12

Reliability

Answer 12

Consistent and stable scores across trials over times
Does not mean test is valid

Question 13

Test selection criteria

Answer 13

1. Metabolic energy system specificity
2. Biomechanical movement pattern specificity
3. Experience and training status
4. Age and gender

Question 14

Does not exercise
does not have a known disease
is not symptomatic

Do they need medical clearance?

Answer 14

Not necessary
Exercise intensity - 2-5.9 METs
Progress gradually 6+ METs OK

Question 15

Does not exercise regularly
Has a known disease
Is not symptomatic

Do they need medical clearance?

Answer 15

Required
Exercise intensity - 2-5.9 METs
Progression gradually as tolerated

Question 16

Does not exercise regularly
possibly has known disease
is symptomatic

Do they need medical clearance?

Answer 16

Required
Exercise intensity - 2-5.9 METs
progression gradually as tolerated

Question 17

Exercises regularly
has no known disease
is not symptomatic

Do they need medical clearance?

Answer 17

Not necessary
Exercise intensity - 3-6+ METs
Progression gradually 6+ METs OK

Question 18

Exercises regularly
has known disease
is not symptomatic

Do they need medical clearance?

Answer 18

Not necessary for exercise less than 5.9 METs. Required if no change in signs and symptoms in past year for exercise greater than 6 METs

Exercise intensity - 3-5.9 METs
Progression gradually as tolerated after clearance

Question 19

Exercises regularly
has known disease
is symptomatic

Do they need medical clearance?

Answer 19

Required, discontinue exercise until cleared.

Exercise intensity - resume after clearance
Progression - gradually as tolerated

Question 20

Elements of the preliminary health screening

Answer 20

1. Par-Q
2. Informed consent
3. Lifestyle Questionnaire
4. Medical History
5. Coronary risk factors
6. Medical clearance decision

Question 21

Par-Q

Answer 21

7 yes/no questions
Yes to any question requires medical follow-up questions
Yes to any follow-up requires medical professional consultation

Question 22

Important Par-Q question

Answer 22

Are you currently taking any medications?

Question 23

Informed consent

Answer 23

Contract with the client
Describes the procedures, risks, benefits, confidentiality, and voluntary participation
Signature required

Question 24

Coronary Heart Disease risk factors

Answer 24

Age, family history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity
Negative risk factor: High HDL

Question 25

Modifiable coronary risk factors

Answer 25

cigarette smoking hypertension diabetes dyslipidemia obesity sedentary lifestyle

Question 26

Unchangeable coronary risk factors

Answer 26

Age and family history

Question 27

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Age

Answer 27

Men: >45 yr, Women: >55 yr

Question 28

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Family History

Answer 28

Myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death before age 55 in father or first degree male relative. Or before age 65 in mother or first degree female relative

Question 29

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Cigarette smoking

Answer 29

Current cigarette smoking, exposure to environmental smoke, or smoking cessation within previous 6 months

Question 30

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Hypertension

Answer 30

Systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg, measured on 2 separate occasions

Question 31

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Dyslipidemia

Answer 31

HDL-C <40 mmdl or LDL-C ≥130; on lipid lowering medication; TC ≥200 mgdl

Question 32

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Diabetes

Answer 32

Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mmdl or 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test values ≥200 mgdl, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%

Question 33

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease Obesity

Answer 33

BMI ≥ 30 kg/m or waist circumference >102cm (40 in) for men or >88 cm (35 in) for women

Question 34

Positive risk factors for coronary heart disease physical inactivity

Answer 34

Not participating in ≥30 min moderate-intensity physical activity on at least 3 days/week for at least 3 months

Question 35

Negative risk factor for coronary heart disease High HDL-c

Answer 35

Serum HDL-C ≥60 mgdl

Question 36

Absolute contraindications

Answer 36

No reasonable circumstances for taking a substance. Could cause a life-threatening situation Ex) Acute myocardial infarction

Question 37

Relative contraindications

Answer 37

Caution should be used when two medicines or procedures are used together. Acceptable if the benefits outweigh the risks Ex) Recent stroke or transient ischemic attack

Question 38

Cardiorespiratory training phases (test sequencing)

Answer 38

Phase 1 - Aerobic-base Phase 2 - Aerobic-efficiency Phase 3 - Anaerobic-endurance Phase 4 - Anaerobic-power

Question 39

Functional movement and resistance training phases (test sequencing)

Answer 39

Phase 1 - stability and mobility Phase 2 - movement Phase 3 - Load Phase 4 - Performance

Question 40

How long should you rest before taking blood pressure?

Answer 40

5 minutes

Question 41

Causes of HR fluctuations

Answer 41

Stressors Medications Caffeine Time of day (gravity) Meals Smoking Drinking

Question 42

BP medications

Answer 42

Diuretics and beta-blockers

Question 43

Normal blood pressure

Answer 43

Systolic less than 120 AND diastolic less than 80

Question 44

Elevated blood pressure

Answer 44

Systolic 120-129 AND diastolic less than 80

Question 45

Hypertension stage 1

Answer 45

Systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89

Question 46

Hypertension stage 2

Answer 46

Systolic 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 or higher

Question 47

Hypertensive crisis (consult your doctor immediately)

Answer 47

Systolic higher than 180 and/or diastolic higher than 120