Special Needs Flashcards
what are the 2 basic causes of impairments and disabilities?
1-congenital
2-acquired (trauma, toxins, disease)
what are the 4 types of impairments/disabilities?
1-neurological
2-developmental
3-physical
4-physiological
what are the 5 types of special needs
1-physical impairments and disease 2-cognitive disorders and developmental delay 3-mental/psychological 4-sensory disorders 5-behavior
what are the 6 manifestations of special needs
1-syndromes 2-disease 3-birth defects 4-physiological 5-traumatic brain injuries 6-psychological
kids with special needs have impairments that impact what 5 areas of life?
1-communication 2-work capabilities 3-self care 4-mobility 5-learning and development
what percent of the households in American have SHCN patients?
20%
*60% of those struggle with self care
dental care delivery for SHCN has what 7 steps?
1-gather info 2-assess 3-id risks 4-preventative care instructions 5-tx plan and impementation 6-make accommodations 7-consult/refer
Aside from cc and meds, what 2 things should be gathered as info?
1-medical diagnosis
2-other doctors working with pt
when assessing the risk of the patient, what kinds of things are considered?
abilities, care takers, diet, meds, habits, fears
4 ways to give preventative instructions
1-demonstrate
2-stand in front of px, cradle head, brush their teeth
3-knee to knee dentistry
4- recline pt
what are 4 ways to desensitize and reduce anxiety?
1-give tour
2-show tell do
3- simple sentences
5- allow px to touch, taste, smell
*many more tips in power point
T/F if px is in wheel chair, lift them onto dental chair
false, leave them in their own chair
T/F patients should bring soothing devices to help them keep calm
true
T/F many SHCN patients avoid treatment due to fear
true
*care takers have fear too
what are some of the challenges of working with SHCN patients?
involuntary reflexes, restricted mouth opening excessive clenching/grinding gingival overgrowth crowded teeth trauma food impaction physiologic factors
what 3 things may indicate general anesthesia over local?
1-inability to cooperate
2-extensive decay
3-extensive calculus/plaque
3 things to evaluate
1-diet
2-fluoride exposure
3-side effects of meds
T/F individuals with SHCN are at an increased risk for oral disease
True
mild cases of SHCN do well with _____ appointments, immobilization and ______ sedation
short, conscious
*severe-general anesthesia
what 3 situations call for protective stabilization?
1-immediate diagnosis
2-other things have failed
3-safety of dr, staff, etc
4 contraindications for stabilization
1-cooperative patient
2-unsafe due to physical/medical conditions
3-patients have previous bad experience with it
4-non-sedated pts with non-emergent tx with long appointments
T/F it is a bad idea to take radiographs on the 2nd visit
False. Good idea because patient has gotten used to the place
5 considerations for wheelchair bound patients
1-tip wheelchair back 2-head stabilization 3- keep back inclined to facilitate swallowing 4-be aware of arms 5-use pillows for support
some characteristics of down syndrome include ______ tongue and open bite _____ lips, missing or______ teeth,_____ perio rate, __ % heart disease, high ______ and erosion
large, fissured malformed high 40 attrition
T/F restraints and sedation can have calming effects in pts with autism
true
*normal life span, limited communication, many appointments to acclimate, general anesthesia
what disability is one of the primary handicapping conditions of childhood?
cerebral palsy
*damage to brain pre and post natal, decreased o2 during deliver, up to paralysis, irregular gait, bad diet, involuntary moments, mild to severe
T/F patients with CF should be fully reclined
false, keep upright to clear secretions
T/FCF patients have high caries risk and low plaque and calculus risk
false, opposite
the best lip readers only comprehend what % of what is said?
30-40
T/F blind people still have light sensitivity
true
*use sunglasses
why is it important to know they patients degree of physical and intellectual impairments before tx?
so you don’t confuse involuntary movements or sounds as being uncooperative
*use empathy
What are 5 tips to offer reassurance?
1-comforting gestures 2-establish a rapport 3-guide/assist 4-care giver support 5-describe procedures
what 5 modifications can be done during tx to make things easier
1-bite block 2-stabilize head 3-modify tooth brush (make handle fatter) for at home care 4-electric brushes 5- floss holders
T/F frequent breaks to regroup can be helpful
true
- minimize chair time
- avoid abrupt movements, lights, sounds
T/F more frequent appointments can help with desensitizing the pt
true
- tell show do
- use parent’s help
what is epidermolysis bulsa (EB)?
a very rare genetic connective tissue disorder
- recessive dystrophic best known
- breakdown and blistering of outer skin and mucosa
- possible poorly formed enamel
T/F people with EB don’t blister on the soft tissues of the mouth and esophagus
False,
- They blister everywhere with minimal friction, no cure
- scarring, chronic pain, squamous cell carcinoma
T/F scarring of EB restricts mouth opening
true
*often a challenge to eat leading to malnutrion
