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Pedo/Ortho II > Intro to Ortho Principle > Flashcards

Intro to Ortho Principle Flashcards

1
Q

What three problems does irregular, protruding, or maloccluded teeth cause?

A

1- Psychological Problems
2-Oral functions (trouble with jaw movement)
3-Perio, trauma, tooth decay

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2
Q

How does poor occlusion affects the psychology of a px?

A

Malocclusion and facial skeletal abnormalities hinder you socially because you can be perceived as dumb

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3
Q

T/F teachers seem to have higher expectations for kids with crooked teeth?

A

False. Teachers tend to favor those with straight teeth

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4
Q

Besides esthetics, how might malocclusion/skeletal abnormalities affect a kid psychologically?

A

A child my have resulting poor speech which hinders his/her interactions with peers.

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5
Q

Patients with a class III sometimes can’t say which two sounds?

A

“f” and “v”

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6
Q

Kids with articulation disorders are known do what 4 speech impediments?

A

1-delete sounds
2- substitute sounds
3- add sounds
4- distort sounds

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7
Q

T/F for patients with facial disfigurements it is better and easier to cope if people they interact with a have a consistent response (even if negative)

A

True. The unpredictable responses cause anxiety

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8
Q

What is the major reason people seek ortho treatment?

A

for psychosocial reasons

*smaller percentage seek tx to help with occlusion or TMD

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9
Q

T/F px with severe malocclusion have poor function and do not adapt will

A

false

*adapt well, everything requires a little more effort

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10
Q

What is pathologic occlusion?

A

px can’t function without contributing to dentitions, and the oral facial complexes destruction

*excessive wear, TMD, Pulp changes, and perio probs

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11
Q

What is it called when a patient does not necessarily have a class I occlusion, but adapts and is functional?

A

Physiologic Occlusion

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12
Q

Malocclusion places stress and strain on what 4 things in the dental complex?

A

1-TMJ
2-Musculature
3-Dentition
4-Supporting bone and perio

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13
Q

Pain in the TMJ may result in pathologic changes in the joint, but more frequently causes what?

A

Muscle fatigue and spasm

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14
Q

T/F TMJ pain is common in children

A

false

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15
Q

T/F the relationship between TMD and occlusion is highly controversial

A

True

*ortho can sometimes help with TMD, but can’t be relied on

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16
Q

Ortho patients are classified into what 4 groups?

A

1-Masticatory muscle disorder
2- TMJ disorders
3-Chronic Hyper mobility
4-Growth disorders

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17
Q

TMD comes from what 2 major causes?

A

1-muscles spasms (clenching, grinding)
2-internal joint pathology

*ortho can help spasms, but try simpler things first

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18
Q

what is the primary cause of TMD?

A

malocclusion

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19
Q

Degenerative joint disease can appear as what 3 things?

A

1- Arthritic involvement
2- Disk displacement
3-myofascial pain

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20
Q

What causes disk displacement?

A

trauma or aging to the ligaments that oppose the action of the lateral pterygoid muscles

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21
Q

What is the most compelling argument against malocclusion as the primary cause of TMD?

A

TMD is no more prevalent in patients with severe malocclusion than in the general population

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22
Q

What are 5 simple treatments for TMD

A 
1-stress control
2-stop chewing gum
3- teach px not to clench
4-anti-inflammatory drugs
5-splint
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23
Q

What is the purpose of splint therapy in TMD therapy?

A

it identifies IF malocclusion is a cause of TMD

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24
Q

What is the goal of splint therapy?

A

create a bite plane with no occlusal interferences

*if splint works, ortho will likely work

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25
Q

T/F drastic alteration of occlusion by restorative procedures or braces can be use as a primary means to correct TMD

A

False. Logical ONLY IF less invasive, stress-control approaches have failed

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26
Q

T/F braces may be used to help px better tolerate parafunctional habits

A

true

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27
Q

What are the chances that a kid with untreated class II will have trauma to the upper incisors?

A

1 in 3

28
Q

A px with an extreme overbite where the lower incisors contact the palate is at risk of what 3 things?

A

1-tissue damage and bone loss to lingual aspect of max incisors
2-early loss of max incisors
3-extreme wear on mand incisors

29
Q

Crossbites and traumatic occlusions can cause what 3 things?

A

1-extreme wear
2-gingival recession
3-bone loss

30
Q

Malocclusion can contribute to ________ and _______

A

dental decay and periodontal disease

31
Q

Tooth alignment or motivation is a bigger factor at determining oral hygiene?

A

motivation

32
Q

T/F orthodontic treatment itself can cause perio problems?

A

False

*higher risk for decay and white spots

33
Q

In tooth eruption, what is significant about age 6?

A

mandibular centrals, and 1st molars erupt

34
Q

In tooth eruption, what is significant about age 8?

A

Maxillary lateral incisors erupt

35
Q

In tooth eruption, what is significant about age 11?

A

Mandibular canines, and first premolars erupt

36
Q

In tooth eruption, what is significant about age 12?

A

Maxillary canine, and 2nd premolars erupt

*2nd molars a few months later

37
Q

In tooth eruption, what is significant about age 15?

A

The roots of all permanent teeth (except 3rd molars) are complete

*formation of 3rd molar crowns complete

38
Q

What is pre-emergent eruption?

A

eruption of a tooth until it breaks through gingival tissues

39
Q

what is post-emergent eruption?

A

Eruption of tooth after it has broken through gingiva

40
Q

what two processes are necessary for pre-emergent eruption?

A

1-resorption of bone and tooth roots

2-propulsive mechanism

41
Q

Why don’t teeth erupt in px with cleidocranial dysplasia?

A

abnormal resorption of bone and primary teeth

42
Q

T/F if the mechanical obstruction of eruption is removed in cleiodocranial dysplasia, teeth will erupt?

A

true

43
Q

T/F rate of bone resorption and rate of tooth eruption are controlled by the same mechanism

A

False

44
Q

what is the rate limiting factor in pre-emergent eruption?

A

resorption of the overlying bone and primary tooth

45
Q

The apical area of a tooth _____ the _____ while the crown moves occlusally

A

remains the same

If eruption is mechanically blocked, proliferating apical area will move in opposite direction

46
Q

what causes a dilaceration?

A

Mechanical blockage of the apical area, resulting in it moving to the opposite direction

47
Q

What is Eruption failure with absence of mechanical obstruction?

A

Primary failure of eruption

48
Q

What does primary failure of eruption indicate?

A

defect in the propulsive mechanism

49
Q

Primary failure of eruption is more common in what teeth?

A

posterior teeth

**1st and 2nd molars are more affected than premolars and canines

50
Q

If the _____ teeth are affected with primary failure of eruption, than the ________ are also sometimes affected

A

Anterior, Posterior

51
Q

T/F deciduous and permanent teeth can both be affected by primary failure of eruption

A

True

52
Q

teeth affected by primary failure of eruption resorb the alveolar bone ______ the crown

A

above

53
Q

T/F primary failure of eruption is usually symmetrical

A

False

54
Q

PFE, non-ankylosed teeth become ankylosed before, during, or after ortho forces are applied?

A

During– as soon as the forces are applied

*which came first? we don’t know

55
Q

Experiments with application of pressure against eruption premolars showed that eruption stopped for how long?

A

2-3 minutes

*tongue pressure/trusting

56
Q

what 2 forces oppose the eruption of teeth?

A

1-Chewing forces

2-soft tissue forces

57
Q

eruption typically occurs during quite periods (8pm to 1am) indicating that ________ forces are more important in controlling eruption than _______

A

soft tissue forces, heavy forces

58
Q

T/F teeth that are in function erupt at a different rate than mandibular growth

A

False-It eruptions at a rate that parallels it

59
Q

How far is the total eruption path of a 1st perm. molar?

A

2.5 cm

60
Q

During the eruption path of a 1st molar, how much of the distance is transversed when tooth has reached occlusal level?

A

1.25 cm

  • growth makes ankylosed teeth appear to submerge over time*
  • also seen in px with lateral tongue thrust
61
Q

What are the 3 options for an adult tooth that undergoes ankylosis during post emergent eruption?

A

1-extraction
2- crowns
3- surgery

62
Q

ankylosis can be an especially big problem when the ______ ______ is missing

A

Adult tooth

63
Q

When do you extract a ankylosed primary tooth when there is no adult tooth?

A

It is recommended when the primary tooth is below the height of contour

*can leave tooth as is, or build it up to occlusion

64
Q

does eruption continue throughout life?

A

Yes, but at a very slow rate

65
Q

T/F eruption throughout life means that the face height of the teeth change as you age

A

False. Typical occlusal wear compensates for the additional eruption.

Pedo/Ortho II (11 decks)

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