Special Needs Flashcards
What are the four types of disability?
Physical
Medical
Sensory
Mental
What are the four types of cerebral palsy?
Spastic
Athetoid
Rigid
Ataxic
What are the dental features of cerebral palsy?
Poor OH Gingival hyperplasia Enamel hypoplasia Bruxism Malocclusion Dental trauma Drooling Access Uncontrollable movements Enhanced gag reflex
What are the dental aspects of congenital heart defects?
Increased risk of infective endocarditis
Increased bleeding tendency if on warfarin/aspirin
High risk under GA
Careful use of LA with adrenaline
What are the dental aspects of children with cancer/tumours?
Oral symptoms - mucosal/gingival haemorrhage, gingival enlargement, mouth & throat infections, oral mucositis
Immunosuppression
Thrombocytopenia
Developing dentition
What is dyspraxia?
Disorder affecting motor skill development
What is the triad of impairments (autism)?
Social communication
Social interaction
Social imagination
What things may someone with ASD like/dislike in the dental surgery?
Touch Light Noise Smell Texture Dental unit controls Water
How should you prepare for a patient with ASD?
Get parent to prepare child before visit Learn their likes and dislikes Send them board maker symbols Be ready on time Use simple language Use patients name frequently
What is the definition of learning disability?
A state of arrested or incomplete development of mind resulting in significant impairment of intellectual, adaptive and social functioning.
What is dyscalculia?
Severe difficulty in making arithmetical calculations
What are the dental features of Down’s syndrome?
Maxillary hypoplasia Class III occlusion Macroglossia (large tongue) Anterior open bite Hypodontia & microdontia Predisposition to periodontal disease
What medical problems are linked to Down’s syndrome?
Cardiac defect
Leukaemia
Epilepsy
Alzheimer’s/dementia
What four factors are required for development of caries?
Teeth
Plaque
Sugar
Time
What prevents a child from brushing their teeth?
Manual dexterity - disability
Unwilling to brush - gingivae tender/bleeding
Inability to understand - autism
What may prevent a parent from brushing their child’s teeth?
Manual dexterity - awkward positioning
Unwilling to brush - revulsion, panic at sight of blood
Inability to get toothbrush into child’s mouth
What aids are available for toothbrushing?
Finger stop & bite props
Duraphat toothpaste (10y+)
Modified toothbrushes
What dietary factors hinder prevention of tooth decay?
Soft diet - food not cleared
Sugary treats as rewards
Drinks - sipping juice throughout the day
Sugary medicine - antibiotics, lactulose
When would IV sedation be contraindicated?
Those undergoing Bleomycin therapy
Those with musculoskeletal disorders
What drugs can be used for IV sedation?
Midazolam
Propofol (requires anaesthetist)
What are the indications for GA?
No co-operation
Extensive treatment required
Medically compromised patient
What are the contraindications for GA?
Medically compromised
What are the possible complications of dental disease in children with disability?
Delayed diagnosis Delayed management Medical complications Reduced quality of life Reduced self-esteem
