Special Education Flashcards
1
Q
Preferential seating, computer access, and a one-on-one teaching assistant are examples of:
A
Supplemental Aids and Services
2
Q
Edouard Seguin is known for:
A
The idea that students with disabilities could learn if provided a structured environment
3
Q
The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision resulted in which of the following:
A
Separate cannot be equal
4
Q
PARC stands for:
A
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children
5
Q
The “basis for all subsequent special education practice” is?
A
P.L. 94-142 Education of the Handicapped Act
6
Q
Which groups of students are underrepresented in special education?
A
Hispanics/Asians
7
Q
Mr. Edwards is a single dad whose son has recently been diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome. He will begin kindergarten in the fall. Mr. Edwards knows that by law his son is entitled to specialized instruction, related services, and supplemental aids and services. Mr. Edwards and his son are guaranteed these rights by which provisions of IDEA?
A
Free and Appropriate Education
8
Q
As Mrs. Vanstory read over the transcript of one of her new students, Audrey, she was amazed. Audrey had a long and colorful history of medication difficulties and multiple behavioral challenges. Mrs. Vanstory later called her close friend who was also a teacher (at another school) and proceeded to tell her Audrey’s history. How did she violate the rights of both Audrey and her family?
A
Information regarding a student with a disability may not be shared with anyone who is not directly working with the student.
9
Q
IDEA was most recently reauthorized in:
A
2004
10
Q
ADA stands for:
A
Americans with Disabilities Act
11
Q
Which group is NOT eligible for services under IDEA?
A
Students with ADD or ADHD
12
Q
Many young children with disabilities who receive services have milder needs related to:
A
Language development or motor skill development
13
Q
Special education is affected by laws that guarantee the civil rights of children and adults. These two laws are:
A
Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
14
Q
Margaret is a fifth grader at Harrison Middle School. She has been in the AG (academically gifted) program for two years. She was recently identified as LD in math. What services is she eligible for?
A
She is entitled to a combination of enrichment (AG) and special education services
15
Q
Students with ADHD, and students who are at risk for school failure,What groups of students are NOT specifically included in IDEA?
A
Students who are gifted
16
Q
The responsibility to educate all students so that they can reach their potential
A
In the text, inclusion is the belief system that focuses on:
17
Q
Inclusion is a belief that success will come when:
A
Discovering effective means for all students to learn together is taken seriously
18
Q
Ms. Eddy has been teaching eighth grade for five years. She has learned that planning lessons to meet a wide range of diverse learners is the most effective and time efficient way to plan. Ms. Eddy is demonstrating which concept?
A
UDL (Universal Design for Learning)
19
Q
Which of the following examples is NOT an example of assistive technology?
- Pencil Grip -Software
- Communication devices that “speak” words
- Mobility Services
A
Mobility services
20
Q
Marty’s dysfunctional behavior is so severe he is no longer able to learn alongside his peers. What would be the most appropriate intervention to decrease Marty’s dysfunctional behavior?
A
Positive behavior supports
21
Q
__________ is a critical issue related to parent participation?
A
Lack of time
22
Q
Using family-centered practices and respecting the uniqueness of the families are examples of:
A
Strategies to encourage parent participation
23
Q
What do Americans report as the biggest problems facing public schools?
A
Lack of discipline and control of students
24
Q
Some professionals have argued that disciplinary procedures have been used as tools of discrimination against students with disabilities who:
A
Are from minority groups and live in poverty
25
According to NCLB, students for whom English is NOT their first language must be assessed using tests written in English after receiving how many consecutive years of instruction in U.S. schools?
Three
26
True/False: Related services are only for individuals identified with low-incidence disabilities (e.g., mental retardation, autism).
False
27
True/False: Zero reject is one of the provisions of IDEA that includes students with communicable diseases such as AIDS.
True
28
True/False: Students with specific learning disabilities comprise the largest group receiving specialized education services.
True
29
True/False: Universal design originated in the field of architecture.
True
30
True/False: NCLB stipulates that 75 percent of all students in a state must participate in a yearly achievement testing, or the state is judged out of compliance with the law.
False
31
True/False: According to the section of IDEA concerning nondiscriminatory evaluation more than one test is used to assess the presence of a disability.
True
32
True/False: According to the section of IDEA concerning nondiscriminatory evaluation any educational professionals can interpret assessment results.
False
33
True/False: According to the section of IDEA concerning nondiscriminatory evaluation assessment occurs in only one academic area.
False
34
True/False: According to the section of IDEA concerning nondiscriminatory evaluation tests are to be administered in English or Spanish.
False
35
True/False: Taunt and Hastings (2002) found that parents reported a changed perspective on life as a positive outcome of having a child with a disability.
True
36
True/False: Taunt and Hastings (2002) found that parents reported increased tolerance for others as a positive outcome of having a child with a disability.
True
37
True/False: Taunt and Hastings (2002) found that parents reported decreased daily stress level as a positive outcome of having a child with a disability.
False
38
True/False: Taunt and Hastings (2002) found that parents reported improved family dynamics as a positive outcome of having a child with a disability.
True
39
True/False: Regarding No Child Left Behind and students with disabilities: Most students with disabilities are expected to achieve the same academic goals.
True
40
True/False: For children ages birth to 2 years old, special education is not always required by federal law.
True
41
True/False: IDEA mandates children birth to 5 years old to receive specialized education services.
False
42
True/False: Americans with Disabilities Act mandates children ages birth to 5 years old receive specialized education services.
False
43
True/False: Section 504 specifies that children are not eligible for services until the age of three.
False
44
What was the first federal legislation acknowledging learning disabilities enacted in 1969?
Children with Specific Learning Disabilities Act
45
Approximately how many students were identified as learning disabled in the 2002-2003 school year?
2.9 million
46
Alex is a seventh grader who has a learning disability and an external locus of control. When she succeeds on a science exam, she is most likely to attribute her success to
Luck
47
Students with learning disabilities typically have problems in, what type of memory?
Short- and long-term memory
48
If a student clearly sees the numbers 4-8-6 but his/her brain interprets the numbers as 6-8-4, this student is demonstrating a problem with
Perception
49
Emily listened as her friends discussed their summer plans. She happily commented that she got a new pair of roller skates yesterday. Emily demonstrated a lack of
Social competence
50
Brian asks for help from others on math word problems prior to even reading the problem. This is an example of
Learned helplessness
51
When students' test results are compared to a large number of other students, they are taking which type of test?
Norm-referenced test
52
When students' test results must meet an absolute standard, they are taking which type of test?
Criterion-referenced
53
Students are typically NOT identified as learning disabled at the ______ level?
Preschool
54
What percentage of school-aged children with learning disabilities receives their education in a regular classroom setting?
79 percent
55
A setting where the academic instruction is delivered by a special education teacher 60 percent of the student's day is a/an
Self-contained classroom
56
Approximately what is the range of the number of students with learning disabilities who also have attention deficit with hyperactivity?
15-70 percent
57
Cory is a 14-year-old with learning disabilities. As mandated by federal law, school professionals must
Develop a transition plan for Cory
58
Mary is about to graduate from high school. As she completes college applications, she clearly states that she has been identified as learning disabled in the area of written language and reading. By acknowledging that she is learning disabled and reporting this information, Mary demonstrated
Self-advocacy
59
Encouraging parents as partners in education is most beneficial because
Student success increases
60
The study of learning disabilities began with the effects of the brain injury on
Adults
61
The two main definitions of learning disabilities used today are
NJCLD and IDEA 97
62
One of the most fundamental issues currently facing professionals in special education and parents of children with learning disabilities is
Eligibility criteria
63
Increasingly, students are being identified for the first time as having learning disabilities in
High school
64
Learning disabilities are a result of
A dysfunction in the brain
65
The Children with Specific Learning Disabilities Act (PL 91-230) ____________ for learning disabilities?
Cognitive skills
66
Many high school students are being identified as learning disabled. Critics believe that students who are identified with learning disabilities at this level
Are wanting to take advantage of testing accommodations for the SAT
67
True/False: The largest group of school-aged children with special needs receiving special education services is students with learning disabilities.
True
68
True/False: The first public use of the phrase learning disabilities was attributed to Sam Kirk in 1975.
False
69
True/False: Learning disabilities are always accompanied by attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity.
False
70
True/False: If a child has a learning disability, it is certain that his or her sibling will also have a learning disability.
False
71
True/False: Metacognition means thinking about thinking.
True
72
True/False: The Woodcock Johnson Achievement Test is an example of a formal assessment.
True
73
True/False: The Wechsler Intelligence Test is an example of a formal assessment.
True
74
True/False: Curriculum Based Measures are an example of a formal assessment.
False
75
True/False: Criterion Reference Tests are an example of a formal assessment.
True
76
True/False: Comparing student's scores on an intelligence test with achievement measures is the most common approach for determining a student's eligibility for learning disabilities.
True
77
True/False: Comparing student's scores on an intelligence test and a curriculum-based measure is the most common approach for determining a student's eligibility for learning disabilities.
False
78
True/False: Comparing student's scores on a norm-referenced achievement test and a criterion-referenced achievement test is the most common approach for determining a student's eligibility for learning disabilities.
False
79
True/False: Comparing student's scores on an intelligence test with teacher observations and the student's portfolio is the most common approach for determining a student's eligibility for learning disabilities.
False
80
True/False: Discrepancies in Poor teaching can be found when identifying students with learning disabilities?
False
81
True/False: Discrepancies in Cognitive skills can be found when identifying students with learning disabilities?
True
82
True/False: Discrepancies in Poverty can be found when identifying students with learning disabilities?
False
83
True/False: The ratio of girls to boys identified as learning disabled is 3:1, 4:1 or higher.
False
84
True/False: The ratio of boys to girls identified as learning disabled is at least 2:1.
True
85
True/False: Girls and boys do not have the same overall intelligence.
False
86
True/False: Boys are not labeled as learning disabled as frequently as girls due to their documented slower rate of the development.
False
87
TrueTrue/False: Learning disabilities can be accompanied by other special needs.
True
88
True/False: Learning disabilities are characterized by unexpected underachievement.
True
89
True/False: Learning disabilities can be a result of other special needs such as deafness, emotional disorders, and dysgraphia.
False
90
True/False: Learning disabilities are intrinsic to the individual.
True
91
True/False: The term learning disabilities refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders.
True
92
The first formal description of ADHD was reported by a British physician named Dr. George Still in
1902
93
Which group/s of students (Hispanic, African American, or Caucasian) is/are the least likely to be given medication for ADHD?
* Hispanic
| * African American
94
Food allergies, too much sugar, The cause of ADHD has been debated for many years. Which of the following are some of the proposed or hypothesized causes?
- Excessive Television -Lack of exercise
- Poor Schooling -Learning Disabilities
- Diet -Too Little sugar
- Too Much Sugar -Food Allergies
95
Recent research concerning the cause of ADHD reveals
It is the result of a disorder of the brain and contributing factors from environmental and physiological factors.
96
What percentage of relatives of individuals with ADHD also have ADHD?
25 percent
97
The simultaneous occurrence of ADHD with other disabilities is referred to as
Comorbidity
98
Assessment instruments designed to require a student to sustain attention in order to respond correctly to the test items are referred to as
Continuous performance tests
99
In addition to the information gathered by medical personnel, what information should be gathered to determine a student with ADHD eligible for services through IDEA?
* IQ test and achievement test
| * Observations of the student in the general education classroom
100
Young children who are diagnosed as having ADHD often experience what type of problems?
* Sleeping through the night
* Difficulty bonding with others
* Sharing and taking turns
101
The most common type of medication used for reducing the symptoms of ADHD is
66 percent
102
Mr. Tucker is at the end of his rope with his son Alfonzo. Alfonzo was identified as having ADHD in elementary school and is now beginning his freshman year in high school. In addition to having ADHD, Alfonzo also has emotional and behavior disorders that include violent outbursts followed by prolonged periods of withdrawal. Mr. Tucker is a single dad and has very little assistance with Alfonzo outside of the school. As a professional, what would be the BEST recommendation you could provide for Mr. Tucker to assist him with Alfonzo?
Provide Mr. Tucker with available resources
103
When children who have ADHD become adults, they typically
Have difficulty keeping a job
104
Typical behaviors of young children are considered symptoms of ADHD in older children, which is why
It can be difficult to diagnose preschool-age children
105
Arthur is a second grader identified with ADHD. He has difficulty regulating his attention and the behaviors that accompany this ability. This is referred to as
Behavior inhibition
106
True/False: Children whose parents have ADHD are ten times more likely than other children to have this disorder.
False
107
True/False: General education teachers may not suggest to parents that their child has ADHD, but special educators can because they have received specialized training.
False
108
True/False: The mental activities that help individuals regulate their behaviors are called executive functions.
True
109
True/False: Research indicates that 90 percent of children with ADHD outgrow the disorder.
False
110
True/False: The research concerning young children with ADHD taking medication is limited but it shows that they can benefit from it in low doses.
True
111
True/False: Ichioo is a very bright 8-year-old little boy. He enjoys learning, particularly anything about dinosaurs. He often daydreams during class and is frequently told to stop talking and stop wiggling. Based on this description, Ichioo would best be diagnosed as having ADHD-combined type.
True
112
True/False: The prevalence of ADHD is NOT certain as a result of disagreement about the disorder 's existence.
True
113
True/False: Executive functions can be grouped into the four mental activities of: Working memory, self-directed speech, control of emotions and motivation, and reconstitution
True
114
True/False: Students with ADHD generally have average cognitive ability?
True
115
True/False: Students with ADHD generally have gifted cognitive ability?
True
116
True/False: Students with ADHD generally have below average cognitive ability?
True
117
True/False: 43 percent of students with emotional disorders also are identified as ADHD.
True
118
True/False: The Initial referral is the first step in the process for identifying a student with ADHD is
False
119
True/False: When assessing a student for ADHD, parents are only consulted as a last resort because they get too emotional.
False
120
True/False: The information parents can provide is generally irrelevant in the ADHD assessment process.
False
121
True/False: When assessing a student for ADHD, Parents cannot be objective, and so professionals do not ask for their input.
False
122
True/False: When assessing a student for ADHD, Parents provide critical information through questionnaires, interviews, and rating scales.
True
123
True/False: Some professionals believe that students who are gifted and talented often are misdiagnosed as having ADHD. Behaviors which are associated with both ADHD and giftedness include: Poor sustained attention, higher than normal activity level, and difficulty adhering to rules.
True
124
True/False: Students diagnosed with ADHD have the option of receiving a 504 plan.
True
125
True/False: Students diagnosed with ADHD have the option of being labeled OHI and receiving IDEA services.
True
126
True/False: Students diagnosed with ADHD have the option of receiving IDEA services for other disabilities.
True
127
True/False: Students diagnosed with ADHD have the option of being excused from school when they can't concentrate.
False
128
True/False: Intense parent training is a recommended intervention for preschoolers identified with ADHD
False
129
True/False: Immediate feedback is a recommended intervention for preschoolers identified with ADHD
True
130
True/False: Age-appropriate rewards is a recommended intervention for preschoolers identified with ADHD
True
131
True/False: Highly structured environment is a recommended intervention for preschoolers identified with ADHD
True
132
True/False: ADHD is not by itself a disability in IDEA.
True
133
True/False: The child's age should be a factor when medication is considered for ADHD
True
134
True/False: Severity of symptoms should be a factor when medication is considered for ADHD
True
135
True/False: Participation in sports should be a factor when medication is considered for ADHD
False
136
True/False: Intelligence level should be a factor when medication is considered for ADHD
True
137
True/False: Research showed that medication was found to be effective with young children with ADHD.
True
138
True/False: DeAsia is a third grader who has been identified as ADHD. It would be appropriate for her to practice interacting with others in a polite way.
True
139
True/False: DeAsia is a third grader who has been identified as ADHD. It would be appropriate for her to practice following classroom rules.
True
140
True/False: DeAsia is a third grader who has been identified as ADHD. It would be appropriate for her to practice completing assigned work.
True
141
The ARC stands for the group formerly known as the
National Association of Parents and Friends of Mentally Retarded Children.
142
One of the most significant events during the development of the field of mental retardation was the lowering of the IQ score, which is one of the determining factors when assessing a child for mental retardation. The score was lowered from approximately
85 to 70
143
Kala is a sixth grader who was identified as having an intellectual disability. In addition to her low cognitive ability, she cannot perform daily skills necessary for independence such as brushing her teeth or taking a bath. These types of skills are revered to
Adaptive behavior
144
An intellectual disability that occurs as a result of lifestyle in certain family groups is called
Cultural-familial retardation
145
Martin-Bell syndrome is another name for
Fragile-X syndrome
146
In which category would Jake be placed considering his IQ is 28?
Severe
147
Courtney is a high school student in Mr. Wayne's math class. She has become proficient in counting money. However, when Courtney is outside of Mr. Wayne's room (at home, in a store, etc.) she cannot count money with any accuracy. She becomes frustrated and refuses to keep trying. Courtney lacks
Generalization
148
Marcus is in an inclusive middle school. During health/P.E. class, Marcus often has difficulty remembering the rules and gives up easily if he is not good at a certain game or skill. These characteristics fall under which category (Social, Cognitive, Behavior, or Physical)?
Cognitive
149
Students with intellectual disabilities have immature behaviors and often misinterpret others' actions, resulting in rejection by their peers. These characteristics fall under which category (Social, Adaptive, Academic, or Cognitive)?
Social
150
Compulsive eating is a characteristic associated with
Prader-Willi Syndrome
151
The earliest a child can be assessed for an intellectual disability is?
As an infant
152
Interviews with the child's parents and teacher.
Surveys with the parents and teacher.
Direct observation of the student.
Assessment of adaptive behaviors is completed through
153
Mrs. Rice has just been informed that Manuel will be pulled from her class at 9:30 a.m. to take the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Test. Who will administer this test?
The school psychologist
154
Jonathan has been tested to determine if he qualifies for special education services under the category of mental retardation. What three questions must be considered in this process?
Does his IQ score fall below 70? Does he display deficits in adaptive behaviors? Do the characteristics noted above negatively affect his educational performance?
155
An alternative term used to refer to young children with an intellectual disability is
Developmentally delayed
156
Approximately what percentage of the day do students with an intellectual disability spend in the special education classroom?
60 percent
157
What two factors, discussed in your text, strongly influence inclusive practices for students with intellectual disabilities?
School climate and parents' views
158
Students with intellectual disabilities are entitled to receive special education services until
The age of 21
159
Norma is a 16-year-old identified as having a mild intellectual disability. During her transition meeting her parents express their desire for Norma to work at the family-owned business after graduation where she will be closely monitored and protected. Norma, on the other hand, has very different aspirations for herself. She insists that she wants to work at the local amusement park after graduation. Norma is demonstrating the concept of
Self-determination
160
What are two factors mentioned in your text that affect parents' reactions to their children with intellectual disabilities?
Culture and religion
161
The age of their child, and their parents' culture,All parents of children with intellectual disabilities want them to have a normal life. What factors affect their concerns?
The extent of their child's cognitive impairment
162
Effectively collaborating with the parents of children with intellectual disabilities is the responsibility of educational professionals. In doing this, what should be an educator's first priority?
To obtain an understanding of the parents' point of view
163
The instructional strategy implemented for systematic learning is
Task analysis
164
Two current issues within the field of intellectual disabilities are
Expectations for high-stakes testing and the right for students to make their Own decisions.
165
A type of intellectual disability that is inherited only if BOTH parents are carriers of the defective gene is
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
166
True/False: Fragile-X is often referred to as Trisomy 21.
False
167
True/False: IQ scores guide professionals in making decisions about students' needs, but the scores by themselves are not a deciding factor in identifying an individual as having an intellectual disability.
True
168
True/False: Intervention services for children identified with intellectual disabilities cannot be implemented until the child reaches his or her third birthday.
False
169
True/False: Due to the implementation of high-stakes testing, life skills curriculum is only available for students who have a profound intellectual disability.
False
170
True/False: Brandy scored a 68 on the WISC III. Her classroom teacher is adamant that she is mentally retarded and should be served by the school's special education teacher. Her father argues that she is very independent and gets along well with her siblings and other children in the neighborhood. Based on this information, caution should be used in labeling Brandy as mentally retarded because her adaptive behavior skills seem to be good.
True
171
True/False: Brandy scored a 68 on the WISC III. Her classroom teacher is adamant that she is mentally retarded and should be served by the school's special education teacher. Her father argues that she is very independent and gets along well with her siblings and other children in the neighborhood. Based on this information, Brandy should be labeled mentally retarded because her IQ score falls below 70 and that is the most significant factor in determining eligibility for services.
False
172
True/False: Brandy scored a 68 on the WISC III. Her classroom teacher is adamant that she is mentally retarded and should be served by the school's special education teacher. Her father argues that she is very independent and gets along well with her siblings and other children in the neighborhood. Based on this information, Brandy's dad cannot be objective about his daughter's behaviors, and his comments should not be considered in the identification process.
False
173
True/False: Brandy scored a 68 on the WISC III. Her classroom teacher is adamant that she is mentally retarded and should be served by the school's special education teacher. Her father argues that she is very independent and gets along well with her siblings and other children in the neighborhood. Based on this information, Brandy should be labeled mentally retarded to receive services and then retested in a year to see if her IQ score is above 70.
False
174
True/False: Learning to type on the computer is an example of adaptive behaviors where a student must display deficits to be identified as having an intellectual disability.
False
175
True/False: Learning to read is an example of adaptive behaviors where a student must display deficits to be identified as having an intellectual disability.
True
176
True/False: Learning to use free time is an example of adaptive behaviors where a student must display deficits to be identified as having an intellectual disability.
True
177
True/False: Learning to interact appropriately is an example of adaptive behaviors where a student must display deficits to be identified as having an intellectual disability.
True
178
True/False: Encephalitis is a postnatal cause of an intellectual disability.
True
179
True/False: Lead poisoning is a postnatal cause of an intellectual disability.
True
180
True/False: Fetal alcohol syndrome is a postnatal cause of an intellectual disability.
False
181
True/False: Brain injury is a postnatal cause of an intellectual disability.
True
182
The first pediatric psychiatric hospital was opened in Rhode Island in which year?
1931
183
The term used in IDEA for emotional and behavior disorders is
Behavior disordered
184
Kinell's mom has been diagnosed with clinical depression. What are his chances of being diagnosed with this disorder?
20 to 60 percent
185
Genetics, environmental toxins, accidents, and illness are examples of
Biological factors
186
Dulce often spits at Mr. Branch when asked to complete an assignment. Dulce is demonstrating What type of behavior?
Externalizing behaviors
187
Madison is extremely frightened by storms and other loud noises. Her fears can be categorized as
Emotional characteristics
188
Students who have low self-esteem, chronic sadness, and feelings of worthlessness may be experiencing
Depression
189
Most students identified with emotional and behavior disorders have what level of intelligence?
Low average to average
190
_______________ is an example of classroom assessment?
Rating scales
191
Measuring a student's social and emotional strengths, the characteristic that gives them confidence, and the traits that help them cope with adversity refers to
Strength-based assessment
192
Special schools that include special education in small classes with a strong emphasis on individualized instruction are
Day treatment programs
193
What is the estimated dropout rate of students with emotional and behavior disorders?
21 to 64 percent
194
Collaboration, and classroom intervention,Effective practices for working with students with emotional and behavior disorders include
Prevention
195
What demographic characteristic forms a barrier to partnerships between families of children with emotional and behavior disorders and professionals?
Economic status
196
The Boyd family has twins, Markus and Valeria, both of whom have been identified with emotional and behavior disorders. Mr. and Mrs. Boyd as well as Mrs. Williams, the grandmother, have begun meeting twice each month at the community center with other families. During these meetings the families share information about local resources
Parent support groups
197
Ideas and suggestions for dealing with behavior and strategies for coping on a day to day basis. This is an example of
social, and academic issues
198
Of the 14 million youth diagnosed with mental illness, what percent actually receive services?
Less than 20 percent
199
What would professionals say is the most important issue within the field of individuals with emotional and behavior disorders?
Families obtaining mental health services
200
As a result of the complex and varying needs of students with emotional and behavior disorders, professionals have agreed that the best way to ensure effective services is to create systems for
Collaboration
201
Behavior and emotional disorder are the fourth largest category of disabilities. Of that category, which population makes up the largest percentage of this category?
African Americans
202
The school of thought that led to the mental hygiene movement, which was the belief that helping children develop mental health and positive personality traits would prevent later mental illness, was
Functional
203
Thomas is a high school student who has a long history of negative experiences in school and with the authorities. He is aggressive and continuously lies to adults in his life. He has been arrested for destroying school property and stealing from a local grocery store. Thomas's behaviors are characteristic of what disorder?
Conduct disorder
204
During the assessment process of determining whether an individual is eligible for special education services due to emotional and behavior disorders, a family history is obtained. Why is this done?
To help explain whether genetic or environmental factors might be affecting the student
205
Students with emotional and behavior disorders should be served through
Family-centered practices
206
Individually designed sets of services involving multiple school and community agencies intended to provide the supports necessary to students with emotional or behavior disorders and their families in order to keep students in their homes are called
Wraparound services
207
Wyatt is a preschooler who has been diagnosed with emotional and behavior disorders. His family would like some assistance in eliminating some destructive behaviors that occur during mealtime each day within their home. The consultant has suggested that they collaboratively analyze Wyatt's behavior during mealtimes for the purpose of deciding the function of the destructive behavior and a way to address it. The consultant is suggesting that they conduct a
Functional behavior assessment
208
PDA stands for
Personal digital assistant
209
One of the primary reasons students are diagnosed with emotional and behavior disorders is
The lack of social skills these students have for interacting with their peers
210
Look through the statements below, which statement BEST describes why negative interactions between parents and school professionals are heightened during meetings?
- Most parents simply do not show up to meetings, which makes professionals angry.
- Parents often are worried about meeting with professionals because they do not want to learn about additional issues related to their child.
- School professionals treat families of children with emotional and behavior disorders differently than other families because the family is usually the cause of such disorders.
- Due to the few number of meetings, families and school professionals have poor relationships that make meetings awkward and uncomfortable.
Parents often are worried about meeting with professionals because they do not want to learn about additional issues related to their child.
211
True/False: Resilience is the ability to recover and not experience long-term harm from brief episodes of stress or a single negative experience.
True
212
True/False: Comorbid disorders are NOT present in individuals with emotional and behavior disorders.
False
213
True/False: When students have been referred for testing for emotional and behavior disorders, the assessment focuses on emotional, behavioral, and cognitive characteristics.
False
214
True/False: Students identified with emotional and behavior disorders receive their educational services in the entire range of educational settings.
True
215
True/False: Prevention of emotional and behavior disorders has become one of the highest priorities among school and community agencies concerned about children.
True
216
True/False: Regarding the prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders and boys and girls: Girls are diagnosed six to nine times more often than boys.
False
217
True/False: Regarding the prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders and boys and girls: Boys are diagnosed three or more times more than girls.
True
218
True/False: Regarding the prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders and boys and girls: No data is available on differences between boys and girls.
False
219
True/False: Regarding the prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders and boys and girls: Boys and girls are equally diagnosed.
False
220
True/False: Increased dropout rates compared to students in any other disability category, is an example of academic difficulties that students with emotional and behavior disorders experience.
True
221
True/False: Lowest grade point average, is an example of academic difficulties that students with emotional and behavior disorders experience.
True
222
True/False: Failure to achieve in school, is an example of academic difficulties that students with emotional and behavior disorders experience.
True
223
True/False: Academic problems occurring only in reading, is an example of academic difficulties that students with emotional and behavior disorders experience.
False
224
True/False: Multidisciplinary teams address if the student has learning disabilities or attention deficit disorder when deciding whether a student has an emotional and behavior disorder.
False
225
True/False: Multidisciplinary teams address if one or more of the characteristics in the definition of emotional disturbance present when deciding whether a student has an emotional and behavior disorder.
True
226
True/False: Multidisciplinary teams address if the student's characteristics of emotional disturbance adversely affect his or her educational performance when deciding whether a student has an emotional and behavior disorder.
True
227
True/False: Multidisciplinary teams address if social maladjustment can be eliminated as the sole cause of the student's behavior problems when deciding whether a student has an emotional and behavior disorder.
True
228
True/False: Regarding students with emotional and behavior disorders and inclusive practices: It is not feasible to serve students with emotional and behavior disorders in an inclusive setting.
False
229
True/False: Regarding students with emotional and behavior disorders and inclusive practices: Students who pose a danger to others are not entitled to be educated in general education settings.
True
230
True/False: Regarding students with emotional and behavior disorders and inclusive practices: The parents are the deciding factor in their child's educational setting.
False
231
True/False: Regarding students with emotional and behavior disorders and inclusive practices: Some states do not serve students with emotional and behavior disorders.
False
232
True/False: Regarding positive behavior supports (PBS): Schools that implement PBS have fewer students identified with emotional and behavior disorders.
False
233
True/False: Regarding positive behavior supports (PBS): Schools that implement PBS are more effective.
True
234
True/False: Regarding positive behavior supports (PBS): Schools that implement PBS have an increased use of rewards for students.
True
235
True/False: Regarding positive behavior supports (PBS): Schools that implement PBS have a decrease in discipline referrals.
True
236
True/False: Regarding families of children with emotional and behavior disabilities and advocacy: Parent-led advocacy groups do not generally exist among families of children with emotional and behavior disabilities.
True
237
True/False: Regarding families of children with emotional and behavior disabilities and advocacy: Parent groups require expensive fees, which eliminates the participation of many families.
False
238
True/False: Regarding families of children with emotional and behavior disabilities and advocacy: Parents of children with emotional and behavior disabilities prefer not to participate in such groups because of the shame and embarrassment.
False
239
True/False: Students with emotional and behavior disorders usually have good social skills but struggle academically and emotionally.
False
240
True/False: Students with emotional and behavior disorders cannot be taught social skills if they lack this ability naturally.
False
241
True/False: Students with emotional and behavior disorders can be taught appropriate social skills using problem solving steps.
True
242
True/False: Students with emotional and behavior disorders usually have poor social skills but excel academically.
False
243
An early belief of the cause of autism was
Refrigerator mothers
244
Subcategories of pervasive developmental disorder include
Autistic disorder
245
The essential feature of Asperger syndrome is
Social interaction
246
A child who seems to meet the criteria for autistic disorder but who did not display those characteristics until school age would probably be classified as
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
247
Autism was added to IDEA in
1990
248
To date, autism research suggests that
No single genetic factor is responsible for causing autism spectrum disorder.
249
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty with
Stereotypic behavior
Language and communication
Environmental changes
250
Currently, the most controversial causal issue related to autism spectrum disorder is
Immunizations
251
Students with autism spectrum disorder can give the impressions that they understand certain words or phrases through the use of
Rote memory
252
The belief that people with autism spectrum disorder do not truly understand that other people have their own thoughts and points of view is called
Theory of mind
253
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty with problem solving due to
Difficulty in retrieving information
254
Max is 15 years old and was diagnosed with autism as a toddler. He makes people uncomfortable because he gets extremely close to people as they speak. Max's inability to know the socially acceptable distance between people during conversation is called
Proxemics
255
Approximately what percentage of students with autism is nonverbal?
50
256
Max often recites Mother Goose rhymes when he gets nervous or overstimulated. This behavior is known as
Echolalia
257
As Audrey's mom attempts to teach Audrey to tie her shoes, she becomes very frustrated because Audrey attends only to the holes in the shoe for the laces. What behavior is Audrey demonstrating?
Rote memory
258
Joseph often flaps his hands and rocks while sitting on his carpet square at group time. This type of behavior is called
Self-stimulatory
259
Some students with autism spectrum disorder have difficulties with sensory issues. What professionals help these students address sensory issues?
Occupational therapist
260
Deciding whether a student has the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder involves
Adaptive skills
Cognitive ability
Sensory assessment
261
More than half of students diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder attend
Self-contained or special education classes in separate schools
262
Administrators, general and special education teachers, students with autism spectrum disorder and their nondisabled peers must understand and support each other in the educational system. This component of the Autism Inclusion Collaboration Model is called
Attitudinal and social support
263
Careful planning for the transition to adulthood for individuals with ASD should include
Sexuality
Work skills
Leisure skills
264
Attention to community membership skills for individuals with ASD should begin
Before the formal transition plan
265
When Joanne gets anxious about changing classes, she refers to the business-sized card she keeps in her pocket that gives her step-by-step directions. This is called a
Task card
266
Mr. Pepper gathered the materials for his morning session with Jenny. Prior to Jenny's science class, Mr. Pepper reviews the materials that will be used that day. This is referred to as
Priming
267
In order to make Todd's morning less hectic at home, his teacher suggested that his mom post photographs and clock faces to help Todd anticipate upcoming events. This type of support is called
Visual support
268
A visually based technique uses a child's special interest to facilitate understanding of social situations, routines, and the meaning of language is called
Power card
269
Children diagnosed with ASD may demonstrate which of the following characteristics as a baby/toddler?
No interest in play
270
Availability of appropriately trained support personnel is an example of
Environmental and curriculum modifications and general education classroom support.
271
Mrs. Calloway uses the sign for stop when Joseph begins inappropriately touching others. Mrs. Calloway is using
A prompt
272
A training program run by a special educator or parent that involves following the pattern of: give a prompt, student performs command, and then receives a reward for desired behavior is called
Discrete trial training
273
Who is usually the first to recognize that a child is responding differently to the world than typically developing children?
Parents
274
In terms of identifying children with autism spectrum disorder, why is it imperative that better assessment procedures be identified for use with young children?
The most positive outcomes tend to accrue to children who begin interventions at an early age.
275
True/False: Students with autism spectrum disorder rarely have behavior problems.
False
276
True/False: Autism was added to IDEA in 1997.
False
277
True/False: One of the core social deficits of autism spectrum disorders concerns theory of mind.
False
278
True/False: For students with autism spectrum disorder, motivation can be a serious issue.
True
279
True/False: The prevalence estimates for autism spectrum vary significantly.
True
280
The first formal training programs for speech/language pathologists were established in the
1930s
281
In IDEA, which term is used to describe individuals with communication disorders?
Speech or language impairment
282
The exchange of information and knowledge among participants is
Communication
283
Misha is a 3-year-old who has just began talking. She has a vocabulary of approximately twenty words. She has language but has acquired it at a much slower rate than children her age. This is called
Language delay
284
CAPD stands for
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
285
The movement of tongue, teeth, lips, and palate are all dimensions of
Articulation
286
Researchers estimate what percentage of children in first grade have a speech disorder?
5 percent
287
Children who have significant speech or language delays are at higher risk for experiencing ________
Reading difficulties
288
Reading difficulties can be directly related to students'
* Not distinguishing similar sounds.
* Not hearing the rhythm of language in their heads.
* Not understanding how to add prefixes or suffixes.
289
Researchers found that the intensity of language disorders for students with emotional and behavior disorders _______ as students get older.
Increases
290
Students with speech and language disorders struggle socially and emotionally because
They may be the target of peer teasing
291
Voice, resonance, or fluency. A speech disorder is characterized as
A problem with articulation
292
An example of a spontaneous language sample is
Engaging students in a conversation.
293
A speech/language pathologist's assessment methods include
* Gathering a spontaneous language sample.
* Administering standardized test.
* Examining a student's physical structure for producing speech.
294
An example of informal measures used in identifying students with language impairments is
Parent and teacher interviews
295
Language assessments may include
* Comprehension and processing of sentences.
* Receptive and expressive vocabulary.
* Correct use of grammar.
296
An approach to providing speech-language services that has the benefit of eliminating distractions for the young children is
Pullout
297
The way in which speech-language services are implemented depends on
The nature of the disability
298
The most appropriate setting in which students can learn speech and language skills and practice them is in
General education classroom
299
___________ is specialized intervention that students with speech and language disorders may need?
Articulation therapy
300
ASHA stands for
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
301
Benjamin is a high school student who is unable to communicate verbally. Benjamin was diagnosed with apraxia after suffering brain damage during birth. To communicate his needs Benjamin uses a communication board. This is an example of
Aided AAC
302
One caution when using technology for older students is that
Age-appropriate programs should be used
303
Professionals can assist parents in effectively interacting with their children with speech and language disorders by
Increasing parent awareness and understanding of speech and language development.
304
The structure of language and rules that govern it refers to
Dialect
305
_________ and _________are examples of cultural factors that may affect language
Accent / dialect
306
Code switching occurs when
Students use Standard English when it's appropriate and dialect with family and community
307
Warren is a very bright and athletic young man. He is 16 years old and very popular among his peers. He struggles on a daily basis in following oral directions and general listening. These characteristics best describe
CAPD
308
True/False: In the United States, the first textbook on speech disorders was published by S.C.L. Potter.
True
309
True/False: Syntax is a set of rules that determines the order in which words are used.
True
310
True/False: It is easy to generalize the cognitive characteristics of students with speech and language disorders.
False
311
True/False: Experts estimate that prevalence of language disorders among female juvenile delinquents is three times greater than in the rest of the population.
True
312
True/False: Parents need to be involved in a child's speech and language development skills.
True
313
True/False: Jason is 3 years old and seems to understand everything that is said to him. However, he cannot produce language in order to communicate. This description would suggest, Jason has good receptive language but poor expressive language.
True
314
True/False: Jason is 3 years old and seems to understand everything that is said to him. However, he cannot produce language in order to communicate. This description would suggest, Jason has poor receptive language but good expressive language.
False
315
True/False: Jason is 3 years old and seems to understand everything that is said to him. However, he cannot produce language in order to communicate. This description would suggest, Jason probably has a hearing impairment.
False
316
True/False: Jason is 3 years old and seems to understand everything that is said to him. However, he cannot produce language in order to communicate. This description would suggest, both Jason's receptive and expressive language skills should be evaluated.
False
317
True/False: Children with speech and language disorders are at an academic disadvantage almost from the time they begin school.
True
318
The first school of the deaf in the United States was founded by
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
319
The number of children identified as deaf or hard of hearing increased in the 1960s due to
The rubella epidemic
320
Students with hearing loss often struggle in both reading and written language. Research indicates that students with hearing loss achieve at a higher grade level in which subject?
Math
321
ASL stands for
American Sign Language
322
A hearing loss present at birth is
Congenital
323
What percentage of students is identified as deaf or hard of hearing and have one or more additional significant disabilities?
33
324
Regarding a student's hearing loss, Professionals are most interested in
Whether a student's hearing loss was prelingual or postlingual.
325
What percentage of students who are deaf or hard of hearing have hearing parents?
90
326
A problem of the outer or middle ear that prevents sound from being conducted to the inner ear is
Conductive
327
Though deaf students may struggle with reading, they generally
Perform on grade level
328
An audiological test is performed to determine
* If a hearing loss exists.
* To quantify hearing loss.
* To qualify hearing loss.
329
Regarding Services, when an infant is identified with a hearing loss,
Early childhood services may begin immediately
330
_________________ is an example of a formal support?
Coordinating the child's multidisciplinary team
331
In a general setting with supplementary instruction,
Students receive the majority of instruction in regular education
332
Early intervention services for families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing should include
* Emotional support.
* Sign language lessons.
* Listening and speech training.
333
Research reports that children identified with congenital hearing loss prior to what age will acquire age-appropriate language skills by 36 months?
6 months
334
Eric was born deaf. His parents adamantly opposed the use of American Sign Language. They chose an option that used an electronic device that directly stimulates the hearing nerve in the cochlea. This devices is called a/an
Cochlear implant
335
The goal of the bilingual-bicultural approach is for
Students to learn both ASL and English
336
In the late nineteenth century, students who were deaf or hard of hearing were educated in residential schools. During this time period, which of the following statements accurately depicts the attitude toward deafness and communication?
Students who signed were made to sit on their hands because the oral approach was the preferred method of communication.
337
Which term refers to members of the Deaf community who embrace being deaf and using ASL as a primary means of communicating?
Deaf culture
338
It is believed that genetic causes account for what percentage of hearing loss in children?
More than 50 percent
339
Bacterial meningitis, otitis media, and encephalitis are examples of conditions that can cause an
Adventitious hearing loss
340
The fluid-filled hearing organ that contains thousands of tiny cells with hair-like projections is the
Cochlea
341
The name of the three small bones in the middle ear that vibrate to amplify sound and send it into the middle ear is the
Ossicles
342
Sara has recently been diagnosed with a conductive hearing loss. Which of the following are options for improving her hearing?
* Surgery
* Medication
* Amplification
343
When a problem occurs in the inner ear or along the nerve pathway to the brain stem, what type of hearing loss occurs?
Sensorineural
344
An individual who experiences hearing loss from day to day due to periodic ear infections or earwax buildup is experiencing what type of hearing loss?
Fluctuating
345
More important than the cause of or type of hearing loss an individual has is
The amount of that residual hearing that is present and usable
346
The quantity and quality of direct and vicarious experience can be referred to as
Experiential learning
347
________________ enables individuals to organize large amounts of information into units of knowledge?
A schema
348
Research suggests that the problems students who are deaf or hard of hearing face in written language are a result of
Difficulty in mastering written English
349
True/False: A unilateral hearing loss refers to a loss in only one ear.
True
350
True/False: One of the three trends in the field of deaf education include the use of bilingual-bicultural approach for educating students.
True
351
True/False: Being a member of the Deaf culture means you should be deaf, use ASL as a primary means of communication and attend a residential school for the deaf.
True
352
True/False: One example of a visual representation of knowledge is a semantic map.
True
353
True/False: Workers who are deaf or hard of hearing are employed more often in white-collar jobs than their hearing peers.
False
354
True/False: Reading is not a problem for students with a congenital hearing loss.
False
355
True/False: Reading is difficult for students who use ASL to communicate.
False
356
True/False: Reading is a complex skill that challenges most students with a hearing loss.
True
357
True/False: Reading is a strength in most students who have a hearing loss.
False
358
The dot-based system of reading and writing is known as
Braille
359
A disease that can occur in premature babies that causes severe visual impairments or blindness is called
Retinopathy of prematurity
360
The most commonly accepted general term for people with decreased vision is
Visual impairment
361
Approximately what percentage of all children with disability has visual impairment or blindness?
Less than 5 percent
362
A condition that commonly occurs in older individuals in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and cannot transmit light rays properly to the retina is known as
Cataract
363
Visual impairment directly influences development and learning in what areas?
* Range and variety of experiences
* Ability to move around
* Interactive with environment
364
Studies have shown that vision loss affects all developmental skills EXCEPT for
Language
365
Students with vision loss have difficulty distinguishing the fine details of letters and words because of problems with
Acuity
366
Individuals who work with young children to assure that they have a wide range of experiences and develop perceptual and hand movement skills needed for Braille reading are
VI specialists
367
Desmond is a middle school student who has a visual impairment. He is learning keyboarding skills in order to email his peers. This is an example of
Access technologies
368
A physician specializing in the eye is a/an
Ophthalmologist
369
Students with low vision are typically assessed by ______________?
Functional vision assessment
370
Mr. George is evaluating Desmond, who has been diagnosed with a visual impairment. The purpose of Mr. George's evaluation is to observe Desmond's basic visual skills, including tracking, shifting attention, and reaching for objects. Mr. George is a
Visual impairment specialist
371
Depending on the state, what are two criteria used to determine a student's eligibility for special education services under the category of visually impaired?
Functional and clinical
372
Home-based programs are most commonly used for which age level of students with visual impairments?
Infants and toddlers
373
Gross, motor and language. Center-based programs focus on direct and consistent teaching of specific developmental skills such as
Fine motor
374
The most widely used option for delivering services to students with visual impairment is the
Itinerant model
375
Leila is a second-grade student who has a severe visual impairment. In addition to her visual impairment, she has other physical disabilities. What setting would be most appropriate for Leila?
Resource
376
What new options are specialized schools offering for students with visual impairments in order to best meet those students' needs?
Short-term placements
377
To determine if an inclusive setting is the least restrictive environment for a student with a visual impairment, what must be considered?
Individual needs
378
For students with visual impairments, consideration for the transition to adulthood actually must begin
In preschool
379
Compensatory skills, social interaction skills, and career education are all examples of
Expanded core curriculum
380
Two of the most important issues facing the field of visual impairment are
Personnel shortages and limited continuum of placement options
381
A plan that has NOT been implemented to address the current teacher shortage is?
Alternative certification
382
The most appropriate educational service delivery model for students with visual impairments to receive who require few direct services is the
Consultant model
383
__________ is NOT a need for students with a visual impairment for career education?
A college degree
384
Although not a part of IDEA, this document is like a post-school transition plan for students with a visual impairment. What is the name of this document?
Individual Written Rehabilitation Plan
385
Teachers should provide opportunities for students with visual impairments to integrate parts into wholes because
A visual impairment limits the ability to perceive the wholeness of objects and events
386
In the survey conducted by Leyser and Heinze (2001) of parents of children with visual impairments, what were the findings in regard to inclusive practices?
Most parents were generally supportive of inclusive practices
387
______________ is NOT an educational placement for infants, toddlers, and preschool children with visual impairments?
Resource settings
388
True/False: Visual impairment is termed a low-incidence disability because it is not as reported and documented as other disabilities.
False
389
True/False: The colored portion of the eye with a hole in the middle is the cornea.
False
390
True/False: Teachers specially trained to work with students with visual impairments are called Braille specialists.
False
391
True/False: Visually impaired students usually need direct instruction on the development of social skills.
True
392
True/False: Most specialized schools offer options for students to attend classes in the local school district with the assistance of an itinerant teacher.
True
393
True/False: Braille readers need additional tools for gathering information because their reading rate is generally slower than students with typical vision.
True
394
True/False: Braille readers need additional tools for gathering information because their reading rate is generally faster than students with typical vision.
False
395
True/False: Braille readers need additional tools for gathering information because some words cannot be translated into Braille.
False
396
True/False: Need for concrete experiences is a principle of special methods
True
397
True/False: Need for unifying experiences is a principle of special methods
True
398
True/False: Need for learning by doing is a principle of special methods
True
399
True/False: Need for mobility training is a principle of special methods
False
400
The nineteenth century can best be described as an era of
Pessimism and isolation
401
The organization that led to a feasible vaccine against polio was
March of Dimes
402
Nina is a middle school student with severe, chronic asthma. To attend school, she must receive breathing treatments up to four times a day. What court case paved the way for Nina to receive these services at school at no expense to her parents?
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
403
Cerebral palsy is an example of a _____________ disorder.
Chronic
404
Muscular dystrophy is an example of a ____________ disorder.
Progressive
405
Melanie was born with cerebral palsy. This is an example of a ___________ disability.
Congenital
406
In IDEA, physical disabilities are referred to as
Orthopedic impairments
407
After John's stroke, he could only move the limbs on the right side of his body. This could be referred to as
Hemiplegia
408
Myelomeningocele is the technical name for a severe form of
Spina bifida
409
__________ is a musculoskeletal condition which occurs only in boys?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
410
This disability category was NOT added to IDEA until 1990?
Traumatic brain injury
411
Closed head injuries and open head injuries are types of
Traumatic brain injury
412
______________ is the most common cause of disability and death among children in the United States?
Traumatic brain injury
413
The most common chronic disease of children is
Asthma
414
Another name for epilepsy is
Seizure disorder
415
One in every 500 African American newborns is affected by
Sickle cell anemia
416
When is type I or juvenile diabetes usually diagnosed?
Middle school/adolescence
417
The likelihood that intellectual ability and academic achievement will be affected in individuals with physical and medical disabilities depends on
The nature and severity of the disabilities
418
Often students with physical and medical disabilities display inappropriate behaviors. What type of individuals fall in this category?
* Individuals with brain injury
* Individuals with sickle cell disease
* Individuals with asthma
419
____________ is an emotional characteristic of students with physical and health disabilities?
Poor self-esteem
420
The most critical element of students' social relationships is
Having access to social interactions
421
Approximately what percentage of students with physical disabilities, health impairments, or traumatic brain injury are placed in the general education classroom?
More than 40 percent
422
What issues must be addressed as part of the transition plan for post-secondary options for students with physical disabilities?
* Transportation
* Living arrangements
* Career choices
423
Two groups that have limited access to technology are
Children who live in rural areas and children who live in poverty
424
True/False: Asthma is hereditary.
True
425
True/False: The two most common types of cancer among children are leukemia and bone cancer.
False
426
True/False: Students with physical and health disabilities have cognitive and academic abilities that range from extraordinary giftedness to significant mental retardation.
True
427
True/False: For students with chronic health problems who have frequent absences from school, maintaining contact with the school during absences helps students to feel connected to their classmates and it reminds students and their families of their "other life" without hospitals and treatments.
True
428
True/False: Siblings usually do not recognize the positive effects of having a brother or sister with a disability.
False
429
True/False: Which of the following physical disabilities is considered neurological? Cerebral palsy is considered a neurological disability.
True
430
True/False: Muscular dystrophy is considered a neurological disability.
False
431
True/False: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is considered a neurological disability.
False
432
True/False: Traumatic brain injury is considered a neurological disability.
False
433
True/False: 16- to 30-year-olds are at greatest risk of spinal cord injury?
True
434
True/False: Muscular dystrophy is a musculoskeletal disorder
True
435
True/False: Rheumatoid arthritis is a musculoskeletal disorder
True
436
True/False: Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder
True
437
True/False: Epilepsy is a musculoskeletal disorder
False
438
True/False: In IDEA, mental retardation is included in the category of other health impairments
False
439
True/False: In IDEA, learning disabilities is included in the category of other health impairments
False
440
True/False: In IDEA, diplegia is included in the category of other health impairments
False
441
True/False: In IDEA, Asthma is included in the category of other health impairments
True
442
True/False: All school professionals should use universal precautions in addressing illness and injury.
True
443
True/False: Parents must inform the school of their child's HIV or AIDS status.
False
444
True/False: Only a school nurse should address illness and injury among students with HIV or AIDS.
False
445
True/False: Students with HIV or AIDS must wear a medical alert bracelet while at school.
False
446
True/False: Students with significant physical disabilities tend to be educated in separate classes or schools.
True
447
True/False: Students with significant physical disabilities tend to be educated in their home.
False
448
True/False: Posture, mobility, and communication are all examples of students with physical disabilities accessing education?
True
449
True/False: A school professional would mostly likely advise parents to be familiar with helpful materials related to their child's disabilities.
True
450
True/False: Physical and health monitoring, adapted assessment, and specialized instruction are among the six sets of standards for special education teachers.
True
451
The passage of which federal legislation paved the way for children with the most severe and multiple types of disabilities became part of the school population?
Public Law 94-142
452
The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps was formerly known as
American Association for the Education of the Severely and Profoundly Handicapped.
453
Approximately what percentage of students has severe and multiple disabilities?
1 percent
454
What is the range students with severe and multiple disabilities typically on standardized IQ tests?
25 to 40
455
Chris's favorite class is P.E. Although Chris is in a wheelchair due to physical disabilities, he thoroughly enjoys P.E. class. However, three times a week he misses P.E. because he has physical therapy. Chris's school does NOT participate in ________?
Integrated delivery of related services
456
Relevant curriculum built around each student according to interests, personal goals, and limitations in reaching these goals is called
Meaningful curriculum
457
Collaboration between professionals and families of children with severe and multiple disabilities is critical because
Families know what their child better than anyone
458
Inclusive practices for students with severe and multiple disabilities benefit
* Students with disabilities.
* Students without disabilities.
* Teachers.
459
Students without disabilities can benefit in what ways from inclusive practices?
They will gain an understanding of those with disabilities
460
Family views in regard to children with disabilities such as being a "gift from God" or a "punishment" are based on
Cultural and religious beliefs
461
The Menendez family has a son, Miguel, who is 17 years old and has severe and multiple disabilities. Each year, the Menendez family has conflicts with Miguel's teachers because they feel the focus of his "education" should be on communication, not becoming more independent. These differences are most likely the result of
The influence of culture on student learning
462
The requirement of all schools to include students with disabilities in the statewide testing process became effective
In 1997 as mandated by IDEA
463
Students with severe and multiple disabilities often engage in stereotypical behavior such as
Rocking back and forth
464
The purpose of assessing students with severe and multiple disabilities is to
Develop a quality educational program
465
_________ assessment is an ongoing process and occurs within the student's natural environment?
Authentic
466
The key characteristic of authentic assessment is
A person-centered approach
467
A form of authentic assessment is
A functional-ecological assessment
468
Some preschool children with severe and multiple disabilities enter preschool without the ability to
* communicate.
* walk.
* stand.
469
Professionals agree that students with severe and multiple disabilities should be placed
with their chronological peers
470
Landon is a middle school student with severe cognitive limitations. He is also paralyzed from the neck down. In his P.E. class, he is unable to participate in basketball however he is in charge of blowing the whistle at time-outs (he is prompted by the P.E. teacher with a hand signal) and at the end of the first half. This is called
Partial participation
471
Assisting adults with disabilities to obtain jobs in the competitive market and providing them with the necessary physical, instructional, and social support to ensure success is called
Supported employment
472
Charlene is a 17-year-old with severe and multiple disabilities. As part of her educational plan, she is spending ten hours a week at a craft store where she is in training for basic work skills. This type of instruction is called
Support-based instruction
473
these students are further penalized in their education. Students with severe and multiple disabilities need to experience the same curriculum as their nondisabled peers because
Without exposure to the traditional curriculum
474
True/False: The most well known individual who was deaf and blind during the early 1900s was Helen Keller.
True
475
True/False: Students with severe and multiple disabilities may engage in behaviors such as screaming, hitting, kicking, or biting.
True
476
True/False: Authentic assessments give professionals the opportunity to obtain a true IQ score from students with severe and multiple disabilities.
False
477
True/False: When students are not able to fully perform an activity or project on their own, they often succeed with assistive participation.
False
478
True/False: Supported employment is the practice of assisting adults with disabilities to obtain jobs in the competitive market and providing them with the necessary physical, instructional, and social support to ensure success for the employee and satisfaction for the employer.
True
479
True/False: Facial expressions are examples of nonverbal communication
True
480
True/False: Body gestures are examples of nonverbal communication
True
481
True/False: Manual signs are examples of nonverbal communication
True
482
True/False: IDEA requires that each state develops an alternative assessment process for students with the most significant needs.
True
483
True/False: IDEA requires that each state ensures appropriate accommodations are made for students with the most significant needs.
False
484
True/False: IDEA requires that all students participate in standardized testing.
False
485
True/False: IDEA requires that students with the most significant needs participate in testing at the discretion of their teachers and parents.
False
486
True/False: Financial resources is a Factor that can influence how families perceive their child with severe and multiple disabilities
True
487
True/False: Access to extended family is a Factor that can influence how families perceive their child with severe and multiple disabilities
True
488
True/False: The severity of the child's disability is a Factor that can influence how families perceive their child with severe and multiple disabilities
True
489
True/False: Students with severe and multiple disabilities are limited in cognitive ability
True
490
True/False: Students with severe and multiple disabilities are limited in academic achievement
True
491
True/False: Students with severe and multiple disabilities are limited socially and emotionally
True
492
True/False: Standardized assessments are problematic for students with severe and multiple disabilities because students often do not understand what to do.
True
493
True/False: Standardized assessments are problematic for students with severe and multiple disabilities because the results fail to help teachers decide what to teach.
True
494
True/False: Standardized assessments are problematic for students with severe and multiple disabilities because students often score extremely low.
True
495
True/False: Students who are deaf and blind cannot learn incidentally.
True
496
True/False: Students who are deaf and blind cannot learn Braille.
False
497
True/False: Students who are deaf and blind cannot learn to communicate.
False
498
True/False: Students who are deaf and blind cannot learn personal care skills.
False
499
True/False: Middle school students with severe and multiple disabilities are most likely to receive their education in a self-contained setting.
True
500
True/False: Middle school students with severe and multiple disabilities are most likely to receive their education in an inclusive setting.
False
501
True/False: Middle school students with severe and multiple disabilities are most likely to receive their education in their home.
False
502
Students who have disabilities and whose first language is NOT English should receive their special education services from a
Bilingual special education teacher
503
Brandy's parents have requested that she be evaluated for learning disabilities. The Professional licensed to administer intelligence tests and other assessments used in determining whether a student is eligible to receive services is the
School psychologist
504
Mrs. Johnson documents for the fifth time in a month that Jacob has come to school in shorts and a tee shirt. This is of great concern due to the plummeting temperatures and the fact that Jacob is constantly sick. Mrs. Johnson decides that this situation needs further attention. Mrs. Johnson should give these documented incidents to which school professional?
School social worker
505
A _______ works under the direction of a teacher or another school professional to assist in the delivery of services for students with disabilities.
Para educator
506
Mrs. Byrd needs assistance. In spite of her efforts to use a variety of strategies to assist Donna in math, she continues to lag behind her classmates. Donna is becoming increasingly frustrated and often cries during math. Mrs. Byrd decides to ask that Donna's case be reviewed by
The intervention assistance team
507
A new option for addressing serious student learning problems that may indicate a learning disability is
Response to Intervention
508
Mr. Fuentas called Sarah's parents to schedule a meeting to update information on Sarah's learning progress and to set goals for the upcoming year. This type of meeting is called an
Annual review
509
Who are the central members of the IEP team?
Parents
510
The very first step of student assessment is
Obtaining written parental consent
511
Jessica is a high school student with a mild cognitive disability. She is in the process of being re-evaluated much like her initial assessment in middle school. Her teachers have been requested to a meeting with her family and related service providers to determine if Jessica's programs and services are still appropriate or whether they need to change. This meeting is a
A three-year re-evaluation
512
Phillip is an eighth grader with moderate cognitive disabilities. He is exempt from the Achievement tests required by No Child Left Behind. This occurred because
Phillip's IEP specifies that alternative assessments are more appropriate
513
Tara is an elementary student diagnosed with autism. She is currently in the general education classroom but is having difficulty functioning in this setting. Her family is happy with her placement but the teacher feels a change is needed. Tara's placement can be changed by
The student's team with parent permission
514
A student's placement must be reviewed
At least annually
515
General education, resource, separate class, separate school, residential facilities, home, and hospital are the options for providing educational services to students with disabilities. These options are called
Continuum of placements
516
When students receive services outside of the regular classroom between 21 and 60 percent of the day, they are in which setting?
A resource setting
517
Less than .5 percent of students with disabilities receive services in which setting?
Home or hospital
518
An informal way of settling disagreements among professionals and parents regarding the special education services of a child include
Using positive communication strategies
519
Dominique is a second grader who has Down syndrome. His parents insist that the least restrictive environment for him is the general education classroom. However, because he has frequent violent outbursts due to frustration, the professionals involved feel that a resource setting would be more appropriate until his outbursts are under control. Since an agreement cannot be reached, all parties involved have agreed that an impartial professional must be brought in to resolve this dispute. This is referred to as
Mediation process
520
Tom White has been a middle school science teacher for ten years. In light of the growing number of students in his school who need special education services, he has decided to return to school to get the necessary credentials to teach these students. He discovers the state in which he lives offers a fast track program for individuals who want to become a special educator as a second career. This is called a/an
Alternative route to licensure
521
Research reports that one of the biggest challenges of a special educator is
Paperwork
522
Present level of performance refers to current
* Academic achievement.
* Social functioning.
* Communication skills.
523
The formal procedure that must be followed when informal attempts to resolve disputes, including mediation, fails is called
Due process hearing
524
Bobby is an elementary student who is in the process of being assessed for learning Differences. The social worker visits Bobby's home to gain a better understanding of Bobby's special needs. This is called a
Developmental history
525
After the comprehensive evaluation was completed, the multidisciplinary team determined that Bobby has learning differences in reading, math, and written language. The next decision that must be made is
Whether the disability is adversely affecting the student's education
526
Greg has been a special education teacher at Fairview Middle School for eight years. He has been told that by the end of the 2005-2006 school year he will have to be licensed in math in order to continue teaching math to middle school students with special needs. This is a result of
Provisions made by No Child Left Behind
527
"Jenna will increase her decoding and reading comprehension from a first grade level to a second grade level." This is an example of a/an
Annual goal
528
A special education teacher travels from school to school for students who have sensory disabilities is referred to as a
Itinerant special education teacher
529
A team of professionals who review cases of students who are suspected of having a disability is often referred to as
* Teacher assistance team.
* Intervention assistance team.
* Student assistance team.
530
True/False: Professionals who diagnose students with special needs related to speech and language are called educational interpreters.
False
531
True/False: According to No Child Left Behind, in order for teachers to be highly qualified, they must hold a Masters degree in the discipline in which they teach.
False
532
True/False: One of the biggest challenges for special education teachers is the amount of paperwork required.
True
533
True/False: A due process hearing is a legal process that is presided over by a state appointed judge.
False
534
True/False: Students who spend less than 40 percent of the school day in the general education classroom are considered to be placed in a separate class.
True
535
True/False: Required components of the IEP include present level of performance, annual goals and benchmarks.
True
536
True/False: How a student's progress in meeting goals and objectives will be measured must be determined by the family.
False
537
True/False: How a student's progress in meeting goals and objectives will be measured must be provided at the family's request.
False
538
True/False: How a student's progress in meeting goals and objectives will be measured must be included on the student's IEP.
True
539
True/False: How a student's progress in meeting goals and objectives will be measured must be included on each report card.
False
540
True/False: Mr. Lavella, a specialized education teacher at Washington High School, begins making the list of students whose re-evaluations are due within the month. He attempts to contact all three of the parents but only two of the three parents agree to attend the meetings. The third parent refuses to come and asks Mr. Lavella not to contact her again. In situations like this the re-evaluation can occur without the permission of the parents.
True
541
True/False: Regarding due process hearings: The hearing officer is a judge.
False
542
True/False: Regarding due process hearings: The hearing officer is not a judge.
True
543
True/False: Regarding due process hearings: There is no officer present, only lawyers.
False
544
True/False: Regarding due process hearings: Due process is a legal process.
False
545
A complex system of underlying beliefs and attitudes that shapes the thoughts and behaviors of a group of people is
Culture
546
Females taking responsibility for household chores and the children in the Hispanic culture are an example of
Behavior patterns
547
A term often used to refer to an individual's education and income level is
Socioeconomic status
548
The term that refers to groups that have distinguishing characteristics with respect to cultural aspects such as language, values, and behaviors is/are
Microculture
549
A factor that influences relationships between race and culture is?
Being members of more than one racial group
550
Where are the largest percentages of students of color in the United States?
West
551
The inclination to take a particular approach or orientation to thinking and learning is
Cognitive style
552
Kazuko is a 14-year-old highly organized student who tends to be very analytical in processing information. She is demonstrating what kind of cognitive style?
Field-independent
553
The way in which a particular framework is used to develop, approve, and disseminate new information is called
Knowledge construction
554
Cognitive styles that reflect a holistic approach to processing information are referred to as
Field sensitive
555
Mr. Hernandez is starting his new teaching position at Welbourn High School. The student population of Welbourn is middle-upper class Caucasian students. What is likely to occur between Mr. Hernandez and his students?
Cultural dissonance
556
Behavioral differences can stem from
* A. Cultural differences.
* B. Frustration.
* C. Feeling alienated.
557
The issue of disproportionate representation is particularly significant in respect to which population (Caucasian, Asian, African American, or Hispanic)?
African American
558
Which group represents approximately 20 percent of all students served as having disabilities defined by IDEA (White, Asian, African American, or Hispanic)?
African American
559
Mrs. Hinkling is a fifth-grade teacher. She has many students in her class that are "at risk." Bradley is of particular concern to Mrs. Hinkling. She is very concerned about his inability to read. Mrs. Hinkling is aware of this and always assigns him a reading buddy who can read aloud to him rather than have him become frustrated from trying to read for himself. Mrs. Hinkling's practice can lead to
Self-fulfilling prophecy
560
Poverty and systemic bias are factors that contribute to
Disproportionate representation
561
Lack of prenatal care has been associated with
Poverty
562
Systemic bias within an educational system can occur through
* A. Curriculum and instruction.
* B. The special education referral process.
* C. Teacher attitude.
563
Showing favoritism toward a particular group that occurs at multiple levels within a society or institution is called
Systemic bias
564
The special education referral process has been criticized for potential bias in which of the following areas?
Possible contributions from teachers to students' problems
565
Recommended alternatives to traditional assessment procedures include
Making the eligibility determination process less dependent on standardized tests.
566
An alternative to the current system for young children is
Universal screening and early intervention
567
An approach to education that includes perspectives from and content about diverse groups, embraces diverse cognitive styles, and promotes equity in a diverse society is referred to as
Multicultural education
568
Mr. Izquierdo is a seventh-grade social studies teacher. He asked his neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Matsuda, to visit his class to discuss Japanese culture. He was utilizing
Content integration
569
The use of instruction strategies that embrace the learning characteristics of cognitive styles of diverse populations is
Equity pedagogy
570
An empowering school culture focuses on eradicating
Tracking practices
571
Emanuel is a new student at Jackson High School. His family recently moved to the United States from Mexico. Students like Emanuel are referred to as
English language learners
572
The preferred strategy for reaching the English proficiency standard is
Bilingual education
573
Emanuel is immediately enrolled in a class where he will learn to speak English. This is called an
English as a second language program
574
What factors are beyond the direct control of educators and can adversely affect interactions between education professionals and culturally diverse families?
* A. Preconceived notions by family members
* B. Feelings of distrust by the family for school personnel
* C. Families being affronted by the disproportionate representation of color
575
___________ is an example of factors beyond the direct influence of educators that can adversely affect interactions with culturally diverse families?
There is disproportionate representation of students of color in special education.
576
School professionals can positively influence interactions with family members who may find schools intimidating places by
Meeting families in non-school settings
577
Important equity issues for urban education include school personnel, the physical condition of the school, and
Funding
578
Use of high-stakes testing may encourage the reluctance of teachers and administrators to embrace the inclusion of students with disabilities for fear that
Scores of students with special needs will depress class scores
579
True/False: Activities designed to examine and reduce bias in attitudes are called behavior patterns.
False
580
True/False: Although legally enforced segregation is no longer practiced, racial isolation is still common.
True
581
True/False: African American students tend to appear in gifted education in larger numbers than you might expect based on their percentage in the population.
False
582
True/False: The elements of the classroom environment are often overlooked as contributing factors during the special education referral process.
True
583
True/False: Multicultural education is an approach to education that includes perspectives from content about diverse groups, but encourages cognitive style of the dominant culture.
False
584
True/False: Poverty is a critical variable that influences the occurrence of disabilities.
True
585
True/False: Race is a critical variable that influences the occurrence of disabilities.
False
586
True/False: Socioeconomic status is a critical variable that influences the occurrence of disabilities.
False
587
True/False: Culture is a critical variable that influences the occurrence of disabilities.
False
588
_________ is NOT a defining characteristic of collaboration.
Developing close friendships
589
In collaboration, the contribution of all participants have equal value. This concept describes the term
Parity
590
Collaboration is referred to as emergent because
The characteristics necessary for collaboration take time to develop
591
_____________ influenced the development of collaboration within special education?
School psychologists
592
Collaboration is often used inappropriately as a synonym for
Consultation
Co-teaching
Inclusion
593
How you interact with others, not what you do, refers to
Collaboration
594
During an IEP meeting with the parents of a child recently identified as needing special education services, Mrs. Smith provided the parents of the student with the following explanation: Based on the test scores of the WISC III and the Woodcock-Johnson, Jeff had a discrepancy of 23 points in written language, 20 points in reading, and 12 points in math. This indicates that he fits in the category of LD and is eligible to receive services in a resource setting. We will need you to read and sign his IEP in order for Jeff to receive services. Jeff also demonstrates behaviors characteristic of ADHD, which will need to be evaluated further. Mrs. Smith demonstrated what type of communication strategy?
Using jargon
595
Communicating optimism about success is important in which step of a problem-solving model?
Creating a climate for problem solving
596
Two or more individuals with unique skills and perspectives who interact directly are
A team
597
Team effectiveness is based on
The quality of the outcomes
The clarity of the goals
Self-monitoring of behavior
598
Professionals who coordinate their efforts but keep separate the responsibilities traditionally associated with their roles are part of a _____________ team.
Multidisciplinary
599
For co-teaching to be effective, the individuals working together must
Discuss their instructional philosophies.
Discuss their own professional strengths and weaknesses.
Discuss their expectations of themselves and each other.
600
Mrs. Jones and Mrs. Smith have been co-teaching for two years. For social studies they divide their class in half and both teach the same material simultaneously. This is an example of which approach to co-teaching?
Parallel
601
When two teachers share the instructional responsibility for an entire group, they are
demonstrating the concept of _______________
Team teaching
602
When one professional voluntarily assists another to address a problem concerning a third party (usually a student), this is called _____________
Consultation
603
A common barrier to parent and professional collaboration is
Some parents have a lack of resources such as transportation and child care
604
Mrs. Price makes a habit of sending home information about the topics to be discussed at all IEP meetings to the parents of her students. By doing this she is creating conditions that encourage meaningful ______________
Participation
605
Parents and families of children with disabilities are valued members of the special education team because
Their signature is needed to provide services
They can help their children with homework
They have a unique and valuable perspective on their child
They are needed as volunteers in the school
606
The greatest barrier to effective collaboration in schools is
Lack of time for shared planning
607
The set of steps that are followed using effective communication in order to accomplish the mutual goal of collaboration is _____________
Interaction processes
608
____________ is an indirect service that would be used as a transition strategy for a student who no longer needs special education services?
Consultation
609
An individual who is employed as a non-certified staff member to assist certified staff in carrying out education programs is a _______________
Paraprofessional
610
True/False: A division of labor is necessary in highly collaborative situations.
True
611
True/False: Communication skills cannot be taught.
False
612
True/False: Team members believe that the success of their work is independent of the success of the work of other team members.
False
613
True/False: The first step in professional and family collaboration is listening to the parents' perspective.
True
614
True/False: The majority of school professionals describe the greatest barrier to effective collaboration as a lack of time for shared planning.
True
615
True/False: Personal belief systems, communication skills, interaction processes, programs and services, and supportive contexts are elements necessary for collaboration.
True
616
True/False: "You're not considering a peer tutor for Sara, are you?" - is an example of effective communication.
False
617
True/False: "Your child demonstrates characteristics of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, don't you agree?" - is an example of effective communication.
True
618
True/False: "I really do not think Spanish immersion is appropriate for Sara. What do you think?" - is an example of effective communication.
True
619
True/False: When implementing problem-solving steps, generating alternatives should include brainstorming ideas.
True
620
True/False: When implementing problem-solving steps, generating alternatives should include placing value on all individual suggestions.
True
621
True/False: When implementing problem-solving steps, generating alternatives should include eliminating unrealistic options.
False
622
True/False: When implementing problem-solving steps, generating alternatives should include evaluating others' ideas.
True
623
True/False: Culture is dynamic, and professionals must stay current on such cultural issues.
True
624
True/False: Professionals and parents of different cultures cannot interact in a collaborative manner.
False
625
True/False: Culture is only one of the many factors that influence ideas and beliefs.
True
626
True/False: No cultural group is homogeneous.
True
627
True/False: Mrs. Jones opened the IEP meeting by welcoming Marty's parents and thanking them for making time in their busy schedules to attend this important meeting. She then asked, "What concerns do you have about Marty's academic progress so far this year?" Mrs. Jones is inviting parent input.
True
628
True/False: Collaboration is based on positive and affirming characteristics.
True
629
True/False: Collaboration is universally accepted and supported by research.
False
630
True/False: Collaboration is an emergent and learned skill.
True
631
True/False: Collaboration takes time, skill, effort, and commitment.
True
632
True/False: An appropriate snack time during the week of end-of-grade testing, is an example of appropriate collaboration between a teacher and a paraprofessional.
True
633
True/False: The math goals for Mary in which the paraprofessional can assist her, is an example of appropriate collaboration between a teacher and a paraprofessional.
False
634
True/False: Calling Mary's parents to discuss her outbursts during math, is an example of appropriate collaboration between a teacher and a paraprofessional.
False
635
True/False: Discussing the removal of a student from class with the principal, is an example of appropriate collaboration between a teacher and a paraprofessional.
False
636
True/False: It is often appropriate for paraeducators to contact the parents of students in place of the teacher.
False
637
True/False: Paraeducators are assistants and do not have the educational knowledge to be part of a collaborative team.
False
638
True/False: Teachers and paraeducators must have a top-down relationship in order to work together.
False
639
True/False: In some situations it is appropriate for the teacher to be directive rather than
collaborative toward a paraprofessional.
True
640
True/False: Ms. Roberts is a special education teacher at the high school level. She is part of a collaborative team that has only recently begun. She has a bad habit of being chronically late to the scheduled meeting times with the other members of the team. Which of the following statements most accurately describes how Ms. Roberts' behavior could make the group is resentful because she is showing a lack of interest in and respect for the shared work of the group.
True
