Social Studies Flashcards

1
Q

The Silver River brought

A

commerce and steamboats to the Silver Springs area of Florida

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2
Q

Hullam Jones

A

invented the glass-bottom boat in the Silver Springs area of Florida in 1878 and enabled visitors to view the underwater world of fish, turtles, crustaceans, and fossils more than 10,000 years old.

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3
Q

Location of Silver Springs contributed to

A

the areas economic development and vitality.

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4
Q

Human-environmental interaction involves

A

consideration of how people rely on the environment, how people alter it, and how the environment may limit what people are able to do.

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5
Q

Movement and connections include

A

identifying channels for the movement of people, goods, and information.

e.g. the automobile industry had a profound impact on the number of visitors to Silver Springs, Florida.

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6
Q

Topographical Map

A

altitudes and landforms (heights above and below sea level).

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7
Q

Meridians and Parallels

A

Meridians run from pole to pole, parallels are the lines that run in an east-west direction.

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8
Q

Absolute location

A

requires use of longitude and latitude on a grid system

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9
Q

Relative location

A

recognizes the interdependence of people and places

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10
Q

Textile mills in 1800s

A

were often built near the fall line so they could use water as a power source. Many people who needed employment and were not highly skilled sought work in the textile mills.

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11
Q

Paleolithic period (Old Stone Age)

A

emergence of the first-known humans in 10,000 B.C.E.

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12
Q

In the Paleolithic period, human beings…

A

lived in very small groups of 10-20 nomadic people who were constantly moving from place to place.

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13
Q

Alfred Nobel learned…

A

that as weapons become more powerful, the danger from the technology increases.

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14
Q

The development of the lock and dam system on the Mississippi River is an…

A

adaptation of the environment that aided the Illinois shipping industry.

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15
Q

Enlightened society in France

A

increased criticism directed toward governmental inefficiency and corruption and toward the privileged classes

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16
Q

The Third Estate (The French Revolution)

A

or the remainder of the population consisted of the middle class, urban workers, and the mass of peasants, who bore the entire burden of taxation and the imposition of feudal obligations.

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17
Q

The French Revolution (Reign of Terror) 1793-1794

A

the governments campaign against its internal enemies and counterrevolutionaries.

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18
Q

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

A

faced charges of treason, was declared guilty, and suffered execution in 1793.

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19
Q

Members of the Directory (1795-1799) believed…

A

through peace, they would gain more wealth and establish a society in which money and property would become the only requirements for prestige and power.

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20
Q

Downfall of Directory

A

Rising inflation and mass public dissatisfaction

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21
Q

The Era of Napoleon

A

a new government and constitution concentrated supreme power in the hands of Napoleon. Napoleons domestic reforms and policies affected every aspect of society.

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22
Q

Enlightened reformers believed Napoleon had…

A

betrayed the ideals of the Revolution.

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23
Q

Downfall of Napoleon

A

resulted from his inability to conquer England, economic distress caused by the Continental system, the peninsular war with Spain, the German war of liberation, and the invasion of Russia.

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24
Q

Battle of Waterloo in 1815

A

actual defeat of Napoleon

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25
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

period of transition, when machines began to significantly displace human and animal power in method of producing and distributing goods and when agricultural and commercial society became and industrial one.

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26
Q

the Commercial Revolution

A

spurred the great economic growth of Europe and brought about the Age of Discovery and Exploration, which in turn helped to solidify the economic doctrines of mercantilism.

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27
Q

The effect of the Scientific Revolution

A

produced the first wave of mechanical inventions and technological advances.

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28
Q

Increase in Europe population was caused by

A

The industrial revolution due to more producers and consumers

29
Q

Nineteenth-century political and social revolutions

A

began the rise to power of the middle class and that provided leadership for the economic revolution.

30
Q

Transportation revolution

A

led to the growth of canal systems, the construction of hard surfaced “macadam” roads, steamboat, and railway locomotive.

31
Q

Robert Fulton

A

demonstrated the commercial use of the steamboat

32
Q

George Stephenson

A

made the railway locomotive commercially succesful

33
Q

Socialism

A

The Utopian socialists were the earliest writers to propose an equitable solution to improve the distribution of society’s wealth.

34
Q

Utopian Socialists gained their name from

A

Saint Thomas More’s book on fictional ideal society.

35
Q

Karl Marx

A

created scientific socialism or Marxism with the help of Friedrich Engels. Marx intended to replace utopian hopes and dreams with a militant blueprint for socialist working-class success.

36
Q

The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital

A

the principal works of the revolutionary school of socialism.

37
Q

Marxism FOUR key propositions

A

1) an economic interpretation of history that asserts that economic factors determines all human history
2) the belief that there has always been a class struggle between rich and poor.
3) theory of surplus value, which holds that the true value of a product is labor.
4) the belief that socialism is inevitable because capitalism contains the seeds of its own destruction

38
Q

Leif Eriksson

A

Norse seaman, sailed within sight of the American continent in the eleventh century.

39
Q

Compass and astrolabe

A

freed explorers in Europe from some of the constraints that had limited early voyages.

40
Q

In European Exploration, three primary factors

A

God, gold, and glory led to increased interest in exploration and eventually to a desire to settle in the newly discovered lands.

41
Q

Arabs in the European Exploration played

A

the largest part in trade with the East and sailed through the Mediterranean and who benefited the most economically.

42
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator ruler of portugal, sponsored…

A

voyages aimed at adding territory and gaining control of trading routes to increase the power and wealth of Portugal.

43
Q

Prince Henry wanted to spread…

A

Christianity and prevent the further expansion of Islam in Africa.

44
Q

Prince Henry brought…

A

a number of Italian merchant traders to his court at Cape St. Vincent, and subsequently they sailed in Portuguese ships down the western coast of Africa.

45
Q

Prince Henry voyages

A

were extremely difficult because the voyagers lacked navigational instruments and any kind of maps of charts.

46
Q

Prince Henry and his explorers discovered

A

strong southward winds which made it easy to sail out of the Mediterranean but difficult to return.

47
Q

Prince Henry believed…

A

it was possible to sail east through the Atlantic and reach the Indian Ocean.

48
Q

Pole Star

A

In the northern hemisphere, a navigator could determine the relative north-south position, or latitude, by calculating the height of the pole star from the horizon.

49
Q

Caravela Redondo

A

The portuguese borrowed techniques from Arab and European shipbuilding and developed the Caravela Redondo.

50
Q

Portugal benefits in European Exploration

A

The portugueses brought back slaves, ivory, gold, and knowledge of the African coast.

51
Q

Catholic Church in European Exploration

A

continued to exert a tremendous influence, and some Christians were motivated to go on voyages of discovery to conduct missionary activities and spread the word of God.

52
Q

Younger sons of families in Europe

A

wee able to secure prominent positions in the church, but they were often not able to find lucrative opportunities at home because the eldest son usually inherited lands and wealth.

53
Q

Portugal was the first European state to

A

establish sugar plantations on an island off the west coast of Africa and to import slaves from Africa to labor there. This marked the beginning of the slave trade.

54
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella

A

united Spain’s two largest provinces (Castile and Aragon) and agreed to sponsor Christopher Columbus in his voyage of exploration.

55
Q

Christopher Columbus convinced the Spanish moncarchs

A

that a western route to the Indian Ocean existed and that it would be possible to make the voyage.

56
Q

In 1492, Columbus

A

sailed from spain with 90 men on three ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. After a 10 week voyage, they landed in the Bahamas. On his second trip, Columbus reached Cuba, and in 1498, he reached the mainland and sailed along the northern coast of south America.

57
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

took part in several voyages to the New WOrld and wrote a series of descriptions that gave Europeans an image of the ‘new world’ but also spread the idea that the discovered lands were not part of Asia or India.

58
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

portuguese navigator, crossed the Isthmus of Panama and came to another ocean, which separates the American continents from China.

59
Q

Ferdinand Megelian

A

a portuguese sailor who discovered at the southern end of South America a strait that provided access to the ocean west of the Americas.

60
Q

Megelians voyage

A

was the final stage of the process whereby Europeans completed the first known circumnavigation of the globe.

61
Q

Hernando Cortez

A

was appointed as a government official in Cuba in 1518 who led a small military expedition against the Aztecs in Mexico.

62
Q

The overcome of Aztec Empire

A

The spanish were armed with rifles and bows, where Aztec fighters armed only with spears. The members of Cortez’s expedition exposed the natives to smallpox and other diseases that devastated the native population.

63
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

defeated the Incas in Peru. His expedition enabled the spanish to begin to explore and settle south America.

64
Q

Spanish settlers came to the New World

A

in search of land to settle or buy, looking for opportunities that were not available to them in Europe, and priests and missionaries went to spread Christianity to the natives.

65
Q

Spain established firm control over

A

Several islands in the Caribbean, Mexico, and southern North America but also in the territory currently within the modern states of Chile, Argentina, and Peru.

66
Q

Military fort St. Augustine

A

was the first permanent settlement established by the Spanish

67
Q

Don Juan de Onate

A

led a group of 500 settlers north from Mexico and established a colony in what is now New Mexico.

68
Q

Spanish colonists founded Santa Fe in 1609

A

and by 1680 bout 2000 spaniards were living in New Mexico.

69
Q

Effects of Contact between Europe and the Americas

A
  • spread of diseases
  • exchanging plants and animals (potatoes, corn, and squash)
  • shortage of workers and transporting slaves from Africa to the New World.