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Special dietary requirements (e.g., vegetarian, allergies) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vegetarian diet?

A

A diet that excludes meat, poultry, and fish but may include dairy and eggs, depending on the type.

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2
Q

What are the main types of vegetarian diets?

A

Lacto-vegetarian (includes dairy, no eggs)
• Ovo-vegetarian (includes eggs, no dairy)
• Lacto-ovo vegetarian (includes dairy and eggs)
• Vegan (excludes all animal products)

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3
Q

What is a vegan diet?

A

A plant-based diet that excludes all animal products, including dairy, eggs, and honey.

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4
Q

Name two common nutrient concerns for vegetarians and vegans.

A

Protein, Vitamin B12, Iron, Omega-3, and Calcium.

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5
Q

What is a gluten-free diet?

A

A diet that excludes gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, often followed by people with coeliac disease.

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6
Q

What are common sources of gluten?

A

Bread, pasta, cakes, cereals, and some sauces.

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7
Q

What is a lactose-free diet?

A

A diet that excludes lactose (a sugar found in milk and dairy) for those who are lactose intolerant.

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8
Q

What foods can be eaten on a lactose-free diet?

A

Lactose-free milk, plant-based alternatives (soy, almond, oat milk), dairy-free cheese and yogurt.

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9
Q

What is a nut allergy?

A

A severe allergic reaction to tree nuts or peanuts, which can cause anaphylaxis.

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10
Q

What precautions should be taken for someone with a nut allergy?

A

Avoid all nut-containing foods, check labels carefully, and be aware of cross-contamination risks.

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11
Q

What is a pescatarian diet?

A

A vegetarian diet that includes fish and seafood but excludes meat and poultry.

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12
Q

What is a coeliac disease?

A

An autoimmune condition where consuming gluten damages the small intestine.

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13
Q

What are common gluten-free alternatives?

A

Rice, quinoa, corn, buckwheat, and gluten-free oats.

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14
Q

What is a dairy-free diet?

A

A diet that excludes all dairy products, often followed by those with a milk allergy or lactose intolerance.

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15
Q

What are common dairy-free milk alternatives?

A

Soy milk, almond milk, oat milk, coconut milk, and rice milk.

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16
Q

What is a ketogenic (keto) diet?

A

A low-carb, high-fat diet designed to promote fat burning for energy.

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17
Q

What is a halal diet?

A

A diet following Islamic law, which prohibits pork, alcohol, and improperly slaughtered animals.

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18
Q

What is a kosher diet?

A

A Jewish dietary law that includes specific slaughter methods, separation of dairy and meat, and avoiding certain animals like pork and shellfish.

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19
Q

What is a low-sodium diet?

A

A diet that limits salt intake, often followed by people with high blood pressure or heart disease.

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20
Q

What foods are avoided in a low-sodium diet?

A

Processed foods, canned soups, salty snacks, and fast food.

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21
Q

What is a diabetic diet?

A

A diet that helps control blood sugar levels, focusing on complex carbohydrates, fiber, and protein while avoiding excess sugar.

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22
Q

What is an egg allergy?

A

A reaction to proteins in eggs, often requiring avoidance of eggs and egg-containing products.

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23
Q

What is an anaphylactic reaction?

A

A severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening, requiring immediate medical attention and usually an EpiPen.

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24
Q

What is a plant-based diet?

A

A diet primarily made up of fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds, with minimal or no animal products.

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25
What is a raw food diet?
A diet consisting mainly of uncooked, unprocessed foods like raw fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.
26
What is a high-protein diet?
A diet that includes increased protein intake, often followed for muscle building or weight loss.
27
What are common high-protein foods?
Chicken, fish, eggs, tofu, beans, lentils, and Greek yogurt.
28
What is a paleo diet?
A diet based on foods eaten by early humans, including meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, nuts, and seeds while avoiding processed foods, dairy, and grains.
29
What is an elimination diet?
A diet where specific foods are removed and reintroduced to identify allergies or intolerances.
30
What is a fructose intolerance?
A condition where the body has difficulty digesting fructose, a sugar found in fruit, honey, and some processed foods.
31
What foods should be avoided with fructose intolerance?
Apples, honey, high-fructose corn syrup, and fruit juices.
32
What is a low-FODMAP diet?
A diet that reduces fermentable carbs to help manage IBS and digestive issues.
33
What foods are restricted in a low-FODMAP diet?
Onions, garlic, beans, wheat, and some dairy products.
34
What is a low-fat diet?
A diet that reduces fat intake, often followed for heart health or weight loss.
35
What foods are avoided in a low-fat diet?
Fried foods, fatty meats, butter, and full-fat dairy.
36
What is a Mediterranean diet?
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats like olive oil.
37
What is a pescatarian diet?
A diet that includes fish but excludes meat and poultry.
38
What is an MSG-free diet?
A diet avoiding monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer found in some processed foods.
39
What is a sugar-free diet?
A diet that eliminates or significantly reduces added sugars, often for diabetes management or general health.
40
What is a soft food diet?
A diet consisting of easy-to-chew foods, often recommended for people recovering from surgery or with dental issues.
41
What is a high-fiber diet?
A diet rich in fiber to aid digestion, prevent constipation, and support heart health.
42
What are good sources of fiber?
Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.
43
What is a low-carb diet?
A diet that limits carbohydrates, often followed for weight loss or blood sugar control.
44
What foods are avoided in a low-carb diet?
Bread, pasta, rice, and sugary foods.
45
What is a high-calorie diet?
A diet designed for weight gain, often including calorie-dense foods like nuts, avocados, and dairy.
46
What is an iodine-free diet?
A diet that avoids iodine-rich foods, often followed before certain medical tests or treatments.
47
What foods are avoided in an iodine-free diet?
Seafood, dairy, iodized salt, and some processed foods.
48
What is a corn-free diet?
A diet that excludes all corn-based ingredients due to allergies or intolerances.
49
What foods contain corn that must be avoided?
Corn syrup, corn starch, popcorn, and some processed foods.
50
What is a soy-free diet?
A diet that avoids all soy-containing products due to allergies or intolerances.
51
What are common sources of soy?
Soy sauce, tofu, miso, edamame, and some processed foods.
52
What is a shellfish allergy?
A severe allergic reaction to crustaceans and mollusks, such as shrimp, lobster, and clams.
53
What precautions should someone with a shellfish allergy take?
Avoid seafood, read ingredient labels, and be cautious of cross-contamination in restaurants.
54
What is a histamine intolerance?
A condition where the body struggles to break down histamine, leading to allergy-like symptoms.
55
What foods should be avoided for histamine intolerance?
Aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented foods, and alcohol.
56
What is a nightshade-free diet?
A diet that excludes nightshade vegetables, such as tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, and eggplants, often due to inflammation concerns.
57
What is an oxalate-free diet?
A diet that reduces oxalates to prevent kidney stones, avoiding foods like spinach, nuts, and chocolate.
58
What is a citrus-free diet?
A diet that avoids citrus fruits due to allergies, acid reflux, or sensitivities.
59
What foods should be avoided on a citrus-free diet?
Oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, and their juices.
60
What is a caffeine-free diet?
A diet that eliminates caffeine from coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate to avoid sensitivity or health issues.
61
What is an alkaline diet?
A diet that focuses on alkaline-forming foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts, while avoiding acidic foods like meat, dairy, and processed foods.
62
What is a bland diet?
A diet with mild, easy-to-digest foods, often recommended for digestive issues like ulcers or acid reflux.
63
What foods are recommended on a bland diet?
Boiled potatoes, white rice, bananas, toast, and plain chicken.
64
What is a dialysis diet?
A diet for people with kidney disease that controls sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake.
65
What is an anti-inflammatory diet?
A diet that reduces inflammation by focusing on whole foods like leafy greens, fatty fish, nuts, and turmeric.
66
What is a gallbladder diet?
A diet that avoids fatty, fried, and spicy foods to prevent gallbladder attacks.
67
What is a soft mechanical diet?
A diet with soft, easy-to-chew foods for people with difficulty swallowing or chewing.
68
What is a gastroparesis diet?
A diet for people with slow stomach emptying, focusing on small, low-fat, low-fiber meals.
69
What is a religious fasting diet?
A diet that follows specific religious fasting rules, such as Ramadan fasting in Islam or Lent in Christianity.
70
What is a hydration-focused diet?
A diet emphasizing high-water-content foods like cucumbers, watermelon, and soups to maintain hydration.

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