special conditions: disturbed landscapes

Question 1

Any portion of land surface that has been drastically altered, and is not in an attractive, stable, or productive condition

Answer 1

Disturbed Landscape

Question 2

Two (2) problems in disturbed landscapes

Answer 2

1. Topsoil formation and the threat of erosion
2. Water pollution

Question 3

This contains important soil fauna and bacteria that are active in maintaining aeration, water infiltration, root penetration, and transforming minerals into forms useful to plants. (Clearly the most valuable and limited natural resource which has to be managed with great care and responsibility)

Answer 3

Topsoil

Question 4

Fundamental objectives of reestablishing a disturbed landscape.

Answer 4

• To provide a viable growing medium (soils, water, suitable slopes) to the altered site
• To select or encourage appropriate vegetation

Question 5

Principles and basic measures of controlling and limiting the effect of disturbances

Answer 5

• Through the protection of soil, water quality, and adjacent undisturbed areas
• Through landscaping and stratigraphy
• Through surface conditioning
• Through planting

Question 6

These can be provided to limit the size of disturbances during construction

Answer 6

• Barricades
• Boundary marker

Question 7

Ways to protect disturbed surfaces from erosion as soon as possible

Answer 7

• Covering
• Mulching
• Seeding

Question 8

Ways to keep storm run-off velocities low

Answer 8

• Roughening surfaces
• Constructing check dams

Question 9

Ways to protect disturbed surfaces from storm run-off

Answer 9

• Diversion ditches
• Dikes
• Conduits

Question 10

Ways to retain sediment on-site

Answer 10

• Sediment ponds
• Silt fences
• Filter boxes
• By using chemical flocculents

Question 11

This involves the creation of reasonable slopes wherein, slopes are chosen in accordance with land-use objectives

Answer 11

Landshaping

Question 12

Surface-roughening methods of concentrating precipitation

Answer 12

• Gouging
• Dozer basins
• Chiseling

Question 13

Refers to the layering of sub-surface materials

Answer 13

Stratigraphy

Question 14

_____________ is concerned with the chemical and physical nature of the top several millimeters of growth medium

Answer 14

Surface Conditioning

Question 15

This is added to modify acidic soil

Answer 15

Lime

Question 16

This is added to improve the soil’s water retention capacity

Answer 16

By adding organic matter such as compost

Question 17

Methods of surface conditioning (List 9)

Answer 17

1. Ripping Subsoil
2. Laying Down Topsoil
3. Ripping Topsoil
4. Disking
5. Placing Fertilizer
6. Harrowing
7. Drill Seeding
8. Placing Mulch
9. Crimping Mulch

Question 18

Any unwanted, unpleasant, loud, or harsh sound in the landscape

Answer 18

Noise

Question 19

This refers to the level at which sound becomes unpleasant, disturbing, or annoying to people by:

• interfering with communication, sleep, and other everyday activities;
• causing physical discomfort, and damage to hearing;
• leading to the reduction of human efficiency and deterioration of physical and emotional well-being

Answer 19

Noise Pollution

Question 20

These are generated by an pulsation or vibration of a source.

Answer 20

Sound Wave

Question 21

The rate of repetition of soundwaves is referred to as ___________

Answer 21

Frequency

Question 22

Measurement of sound by the use of logarithmic scale

Answer 22

Decibel

Question 23

Sound level in dB (A) wherein pain begins

Answer 23

Greater than 120 db(A)

Question 24

Three (3) Categories of Noise Control Strategy

Answer 24

1. Source of the Sound
2. Path and distance of the sound transmission
3. Receiver of the sound

Question 25

Five (5) factors that influence the effectiveness of sound barriers

Answer 25

1. Distance (Offset)
2. Height
3. Continuity
4. Length (At least 1-2 times the distance between barrier and receiver)
5. Mass (Should have a surface weight or mass of at least 6-12 kg/sqm)