geology and geomorphology

Question 1

The natural science that studies Earth — its composition; the processes that shaped its surface, and its history

Answer 1

Geology

Question 2

Rocks produced by crystallization from a liquid

Answer 2

Igneous Rocks

Question 3

When igneous rocks are exposed to the surface and weathering reduces them to particles, these particles are moved by erosional process and deposited in layers into rivers and oceans.

Answer 3

Sedimentary Rocks

Question 4

When sedimentary rocks are pushed to deeper levels of the earth, the transform into metamorphosed rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature

Answer 4

Metamorphosed Rocks

Question 5

Branch of geology that deals with the origin, nature and distribution of landforms

Answer 5

Geomorphology

Question 6

Refers to the description of landforms

Answer 6

Physiography

Question 7

These refer to the irregularities on the earth’s surface. they are derived from volcanic, glacial, or erosional processess

Answer 7

Landforms

Question 8

Two (2) properties used to describe soil in site design

Answer 8

1. Composition
2. Texture

Question 9

Refers to the material that makes up soil: mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air

Answer 9

Composition

Question 10

These comprise 50% to 80% of the volume of the soil and form the all-important skeletal structure of the soil

Answer 10

Mineral Particles

Question 11

A soil’s resistance to penetration from a weighted object such as a building foundation

Answer 11

Bearing Capacity

Question 12

The term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample

Answer 12

Texture

Question 13

This refers to soil’s ability to transfer gravity water downward through (1) infiltration, (2) permeability, and (3) percolation

Answer 13

Good Drainage

Question 14

This means that gravity water is not readily transmitted by the soil and that the soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water standing on it.

Answer 14

Poor Drainage

Question 15

This means that gravity water is not readily transmitted by the soil and that the soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water standing on it.

Answer 15

Poor Drainage

Question 16

The rate at which water penetrates the soil surface (usually measured in cm or inches per hour)

Answer 16

Infiltration

Question 17

The rate at which water within the soil moves through a given volume of material (measured in cm of inches per hour)

Answer 17

Permeability

Question 18

The rate at which water in a soil pit or pipe within the soil is taken up by the soil (used mainly in wastewater absorption tests and measured in inches per hour)

Answer 18

Percolation

Question 19

It is an important analytical process made on a topographic map that makes a proper match between land uses and slopes and produces an overall pattern of slopes which helps the site planner in determining the buildable portions of the site

Answer 19

Slope Analysis

Question 20

This is expressed graphically in terms of a slope profile, a silhouette of a slope drawn to known proportions with distance on the horizontal axis and elevation on the vertical axis

Answer 20

Slope Form

Question 21

Four (4) basic slope forms that are detectable on contour maps

Answer 21

1. Straight
2. S-shaped
3. Concave
4. Convex

Question 21

Four (4) basic slope forms that are detectable on contour maps

Answer 21

1. Straight
2. S-shaped
3. Concave
4. Convex

Question 22

The angle at which soil can be safely inclined and beyond which it will fail

Answer 22

Angle of repose

Question 23

A map of a portion of the earth that describes the shape of the earth’s surface by contour lines

Answer 23

Topographic Map

Question 24

This is prepared to visually express slope patterns on the topographic map

Answer 24

**Slope Map**

Question 25

When rocks are broken down (weathered) into small fragments and carried by wind, water, ice and gravity. Energy for this process is solar and gravitational.

Answer 25

**Soil Erosion**

Question 26

Four (4) factors to consider in forecasting erosion rates

Answer 26

1. **Vegetation** 2. **Soil Type** 3. **Slope Size and Inclination** 4. **Frequency and Intensity of Rainfall**