Special Children

Question 1

Gifted

Answer 1

> 130 IQ

• More mature, fewer emotional problems
• More satisfied with relationships, careers, life

Question 2

Intelligent thinking

Answer 2

Convergent

Arriving at ONE correct answer

Question 3

Creative Thinking

Answer 3

Divergent thinking

-Can be encouraged by encouraging children to take risks with ideas and think of alternatives

Question 4

Intellectual disability

Answer 4

• Range of abilities and interpersonal qualities
  1. Deficits in intellectual functioning
  2. Concurrent deficits or impairments in adaptive functioning
  3. Prior to age 18

Question 5

Adaptive functioning

Answer 5

How effectively individuals can cope with everyday life

Question 6

Types of adaptive behaviour

Answer 6

1. Conceptual skills (language, reading, money)
2. Social Skills (obeying laws, interpersonal)
3. Practical Skills (eating, dressing, everyday)
4. Occupational skills (Maintaining a safe environment)

Question 7

ID and IQ

Answer 7

-No longer just based on IQ

Question 8

ID Prevalence

Answer 8

1-3%

• 2x as many males
• More prevalent in low SES and minority groups
• Severe levels are equal across race and economic status

Question 9

Risk Factors for ID

Answer 9

1. Biomedical issues
2. Social (poverty, domestic abuse, no prenatal care, lack of adequate stimulation)
3. Behavioural (parental drug use, immaturity, neglect)
4. Educational (parental cognitive deficits, delayed diagnosis, inadequate family support)

Question 10

Genetic factors for ID

Answer 10

• Fragile X syndrome = inherited ID

- Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes (abnormality of chromosome 15)

Question 11

Genetics: Downs Syndrome

Answer 11

• Failure of the mothers 21st pair of chromosome to separate in meiosis
• Trisomy 21

Question 12

Genetics ID

Answer 12

Single-gene conditions

• too little or too few chemical that are necessary during development
• 3-7% of severe cases
• PKU, untreated

Question 13

Neurobiological Influences of ID

Answer 13

• Adverse biological conditions: infection, trauma, accidental poisoning
• FASD/Teratogens

Question 14

Specific Learning Disorder (DSM A)

Answer 14

Difficulty learning and using academic skills… presence of at least one of the following for 6 months

1. Inaccurate/slow reading
2. Little meaning of what is read
3. Difficulty with spelling
4. Difficulty with written expression
5. Difficulty mastering number sense, facts, calculation
6. Mathematical reasoning

Question 15

Specific Learning Disorder (DSM B)

Answer 15

Affected academic skills

• Below expected for age
• Significant performance interference
• Confirmed by clinical assessment,
• Begin during school age
• Not better accounted for by ID or others

Question 16

SLD Specifiers for Severity

Answer 16

Mild
-1-2 domains, cope well when provided with accommodation
Moderate
-One or more, some support required for some of the day
Severe
-Several domains, unlikely to learn skills without intensive on-going support

Question 17

SLD Specifiers

Answer 17

1. With reading impairment
2. With impairment with written expression
3. Impairment in mathematics

Question 18

Developmental dyslexia (SLD)

Answer 18

-Difficulty in reading INDIVIDUAL words

Question 19

Impaired reading comprehension (SLD)

Answer 19

-Difficulty in reading words that have been read successfully

Question 20

Mathematical Learning Disability

Answer 20

-Difficulties with math

Question 21

Learning Disability Course

Answer 21

Lifelong

Question 22

Cause of SLDs

Question 23

SLD comorbidity

Answer 23

• ADHD

- Difficulties in phonological awareness

Question 24

Prevention/Treatment

Answer 24

• No meds
• Education and psychosocial methods only
• Brief window of opportunity for successful treatment

Question 25

Instructional methods

Answer 25

• Direct instruction
• Early interventions must address PHONOLOGICAL AND VERBAL ABILITIES
• Efective reasding instruction

Question 26

Adaptations

Answer 26

• calculator
• speech to text
• read to student aloud
• extra time
• note taker