Language

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

system that relates sounds or gestures to meaning

Question 2

Elements of spoken language

Answer 2

1. Phonology
2. morphology
3. semantics
4. syntax
5. Pragmatics

Question 3

Phonology

Answer 3

sounds of language

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

rules of meaning

Question 5

Semantics

Answer 5

study of words and their meaning

Question 6

Syntax

Answer 6

rules that specify how words are combined in a sentence

Question 7

Pragmatics

Answer 7

how people use language to communicate effectively

Question 8

Phonemes

Answer 8

building block sounds of language

-infants can hear phonemes that are not in their language -Sucking test

Question 9

Infant directed speech

Answer 9

may help children learn language

• infants can identify individual words
• Adults speak slowly and with exaggerated pitch/volume

Question 10

Cooing

Answer 10

2 months

vowel like sounds

Question 11

babbling

Answer 11

speech like sound that has no meaning
6 months
influenced by the speech they hear

Question 12

intonation

Answer 12

8-11 months

Question 13

first words

Answer 13

1st birthday

Question 14

Gestures

Answer 14

symbols children start to use around the time that they begin to talk

Question 15

Naming explosion

Answer 15

-Learning new words much more rapidly than before

18 months

Question 16

Fast Mapping

Answer 16

Children ability to connect new words to their meanings

Question 17

How does rapid word learning happen?

Answer 17

1. Joint attention
2. Constraints on word names
3. Sentence cues
4. Cognitive growth

Question 18

Joint attention

Answer 18

Pointing and naming with the child

Question 19

Constraints on word names

Answer 19

-A word refers to a whole object
-If other things in the area have a word, its not assigned to them
-

Question 20

Sentence Cues

Answer 20

-ing=action

Question 21

Cognitive Factors

Answer 21

-Naming explosion coincides with rapid cognitive development

Question 22

Naming error: Underextensions

Answer 22

defining a word too narrowly

Question 23

Naming error: overextensions

Answer 23

defining a word too broadly

Question 24

Phonological memory

Answer 24

the ability to remember speech sounds breifly

Question 25

Referential style

Answer 25

vocabularies consist mainly of words that name objects, persons or actions

Question 26

Expressive Style

Answer 26

vocabularies include any social phrases that are used as a single word
“go away”

Question 27

Word learning is encouraged by:

Answer 27

Speaking with children frequently

• Naming objects
• Reading and asking open ended questions

Question 28

TV

Answer 28

No evidence that it increases word learning

-benefits are greatest when children watch with adults

Question 29

Bilingual

Answer 29

Children are often more skilled at switching back and forth between tasks

Question 30

Other symbols

Answer 30

18 months, children understand photos are representations of objects

• 3 year olds understand the relation between scale models and objects
• later learn charts, graphs and musical notation

Question 31

Telegraphic speech

Answer 31

“sentences” of only words related to the direct meaning

Question 32

Grammatical morphemes

Answer 32

words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatical

Question 33

Over-regularization

Answer 33

Applying rules to words that are exceptions to the rules

Question 34

Acquisition: Linguistic

Answer 34

Inborn

Critical period up to 12 years

Question 35

Brocas area

Answer 35

Region of the left cortex active in combining words into meaningful sentences