Spanish period Flashcards
The Hispanic Period had started in the Philippines in 1500s. Who was the first Governor of the Philippines?
Answer: Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
In 1572, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi became the first Governor of the Philippines and established a government together with Augustinian and Dominican friars.
For how many years did Spanish rule last in the Philippines?
Answer: 333
The Spaniards occupied the Philippines from 1565 to 1898, exactly 333 years. Spanish rule ended after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which withdrew Spain from the Philippines, Guam, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Raja Lakandula and Raja Sulayman revolted against Governor Guido de Lavezaris, because of the abuses by the Spaniards. What is the revolt called?
Answer: Manila Revolt
The successor to Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, Governor-General Guido Lavezaris, had sequestered all the properties of the Rajahs. The revolt failed because of the loyalty of the Spanish and Filipino troops to the Governor-General.
Which one of these Philippine revolts during the Hispanic period lasted longest?
Answer: Dagohoy Revolt
The Dagohoy Revolt of 1744-1829 was the longest in the history of the Philippines. Francisco Dagohoy was mourning for his dead brother, when a Spanish priest refused to give the latter a Christian burial. He called his supporters all over Bohol to fight against the injustice. Twenty Governor-Generals tried to stop the Boholanos (resident of Bohol) from rebelling but they failed. Unfortunately, Dagohoy died in 1827 (cause of death unknown) and the revolt had ended as Dagohoy’s supporters making their last stand. Victory went to the Spaniards, under Governor General Mariano Ricafort.
Other details (by revolt and years): Palaris Revolt - 3 years, Parang and Upay revolt - 13 years, Camerino revolt - 4 years.
In 1762-1763 the most popular revolt took place in Ilocos. Diego and Gabriela Silang had defended Ilocos from the Spanish authorities. Identify the relationship of the Silangs.
Answer: husband and wife
The Silang revolt took place during the British invasion of the Philippines. In 1763, the revolutionary leader Diego Silang was killed by his friend, Miguel Vicos; and his wife Gabriela Silang (the “Joan of Arc” of Ilocos) continued the revolt for her husband’s death. The Ilocanos were defeated and Gabriela was executed by the Spaniards, ending the Silang Revolt.
The Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule took seventeen months to quell. The root of this revolt came from this kind of order The One, this author described was a ___________.
Answer: Religious Order
Apolinario “Hermano Pule” de la Cruz had started his own religious order named “Confradia de San José” (Spanish for “Confraternity of Saint Joseph”) which was banned by the Spanish authorities. In June 1840, Hermano Pule and his supporters fought against the Spaniards, but they still failed. The Pule Revolt ended with the execution of de la Cruz in 4th of November, 1841.
Which of these priests was executed by Governor-General Rafael de Izuquierdo in 1872?
Answer: all of them were executed
Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo had the three priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (also known as “Gomburza”) garotted at Cavite in February 17, 1872.
Additional info: Jose Rizal’s “El Filibusterismo” (“The Reign of Greed”) was dedicated to these priests in 1891, almost two decades after the execution.
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal is Philippines’ national hero because of his large contribution to independence during the 19th century. What was his main weapon against the Spaniards?
Answer: Pen
The proverb “the pen is mightier than the sword” was used with reference to novelists like him. His many literary works include the novels “Noli Me Tangere” (“Touch Me Not”), “El Filibusterismo” (“The Reign of Greed”), and the poem “Mi Ultimo Adios” (“Farewell, Beloved Country”).
Jose Rizal and other Illustrados (Spanish for Filipino intellectuals) had established this group of propaganda writers. The name of this progressive society newspaper against Spain was _______________.
Answer: La Solidaridad
La Solidaridad (“The Solidarity”) was created in Barcelona, Spain on 13th December, 1888. These Illustrados used the pen to express their freedom of speech against the corrupt Spanish rulers.
Some of the Propaganda writers were Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo Del Pilar, Antonio Luna, Jose Ma. Panganiban, among others.
July 1892: La Liga Filipina (Spanish for “The Philippine League”) was established by Dr. Jose Rizal in Tondo, Manila.
Answer: true
La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League) was created to establish a civil organization for peace and unity. It became inactive four days after Rizal was secretly arrested and exiled to Dapitan. Later, the organization was divided into two: The Katipunans (“Freedom”, a group of revolutionary men) and the Cuerpo de Compromisarios (“Body of Delegates”, a group that supported La Solidaridad/The Solidarity).
Andres Bonifacio talked personally to Rizal during the later’s exile in Dapitan.
Answer: No
Ex-La Liga Filipina (Spanish for “The Philippine League”) member and Katipunan (“Freedom” in FIlipino) founder, Andres Bonifacio, and his chancellors had decided to persuade Dr. Rizal to join the Katipunans. The Katipunan group sent Pio Valenzuela, Dr. Rizal’s friend, for the group’s appeal but Rizal refused to engage in violence.
Filipinos remembered Dr. Jose Rizal as the patriot of the masses. He was executed by the Spanish authorities in Luneta (Bagumbayan by then), Manila in December 30, 1896. Which of these capital punishments was used to execute him?
Answer: Shooting
During the Spanish period, the garotte and shooting were the most common methods of execution in the Philippines. In Dr. Rizal’s case, he was shot by the firing squad on the morning of 30th December, 1896 for treason (against Spain).
The massive raid in the printing press of “Diario de Manila” (Spanish for “The Newspaper of Manila”) had alarmed the Katipunan members due to the arrest of their several comrades. After the second general meeting, these men decided to tear up this important document. Which of these was it?
Answer: residence certificates
The cause of “Cry of Pugadlawin” (The word “cry” here means a rallying call or signal and “Pugadlawin” means hawk’s nest in Filipino): The Katipunan existence was revealed by Teodoro Patiño to his sister and later told to a priest about the organization. The Spanish authorities had arrested and executed several Katipunan members after the raid on the printing press.
As the sign of commitment to the Katipunans, Bonifacio and the large group of Katipuneros tore up a “cedula” (Spanish for residence certificate) in Pugadlawin, Balintawak. The Katipunans dominated the first battle in Calookan with the small victory but they retreated in Mandaluyong, then in Balara after the Spanish reinforcements had defeated the forces of the revolutionaries.
The Tejeros Convention happened in which Philippine province?
Answer: Cavite
Bonifacio was in negotiations aimed at uniting the Katipuan factions in Tejeros, Cavite. He was invited by Magdalo to settle the governorship of the country, but Magdalo settled for revolutionary government and Magdiwang (“Celebrate” in Filipino) agreed to retain Katipunan.
The Spanish-American War brought an end to Spanish rule. In May 1898, the Americans, under Commodore George Dewey won “The Battle of ______ ______”.
Answer: Manila Bay
“The Battle of Manila Bay” had lasted only few hours during 1st of May 1898. The USS Olympia and the fleet of ships under U.S. Navy’s Asiatic Squadron Commander, Commodore George Dewey had dominated the Manila Bay. The battle lasted only a few hours till the Spanish fleet under Admiral Patricio Montojo was defeated.
The Americans also helped the Filipinos to free the rest of the country. Emilio Aguinaldo came back from exile in Hong Kong and declared independence in Cavite on 12th June 1898.
Prince Henry of Portugal is also known as ___
Henry the Navigator
lifespan of Henry the Navigator
1394-1460
In 1445, Henry the Navigator appealed to ___
Pope Nicholas V
What did Henry the Navigator promise?
spread the Christian faith to non-believers
What did Pope Nicholas V issue?
papal bull
papal bull that gave Portugal title to all African territories that has been acquired and will be acquired in the future
Romanus Pontifex
What would happen if one would go against the Portugal’s right?
would be excommunicated from the church
adventurous entrepreneur and navigator
persuaded the king and queen to fund his expedition to locate a western route to Asia
Christopher Columbus
Who were the people that Christopher Columbus persuade to fund his expedition?
King Ferdinand II of Aragon
Queen Isabella of Castile
King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile is from the Kingdom of ___
Spain
Where is Christopher Columbus from?
Italy
lifespan of Christopher Columbus
1451-1506
Why did the Spain sponsor Columbus?
in return for the gold, spices, and riches that he might find
spreading of Christianity
Why did the Portugal not sponsor Columbus?
thought he was a fool
believed Columbus had miscalculated the distance of the trip
series of papal bull that confirmed Spain’s title to Columbus’ discovered lands
Inter Caetera
Who issued the papal bull “Inter Caetera”?
Pope Alexander VI
Papal Bull “Inter Caetera” is also known as “__ __ __”
Doctrine of Discovery
What is the papa bull “Inter Caetera”?
established a demarcation line
Where is the demarcation line established by the “Inter Caetera” located?
One hundred (100) leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands
What is the demarcation line established by the “Inter Caetera” for?
assigned Spain exclusive right to acquire territorial possessions and trade in all lands WEST of that line
assigned Portugal dominion over all of undiscovered lands EAST of the line
When was the papal bull “Inter Caetera” issued?
May 4, 1493
First Bull
recognized King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella’s title to Columbus’ discovered new land area and new people
Second Bull
conversion of the native inhabitants to Christianity
an agreement between Spain and Portugal’s monarchies to settle conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other later 15th century voyagers
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World by drawing an imaginary in the Atlantic Ocean about ________
370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands
When was the Treaty of Tordesillas agreed?
A
June 7, 1494
Where was the manuscript of the Treaty of Tordesillas placed?
parchment
How many piles does the Treaty of Tordesillas have?
4 Piles (8 sheets)
Measurements of the sheets of the Treaty of Tordesillas
330mm x 250mm
organized the first circumnavigation of the globe
born from a family whose father was a minor member of the Portuguese nobility
Fernão de Magalhães (Portuguese) or
Fernando de Magallanes (Spanish)
What did Ferdinand Magellan discover when he organized the first circumnavigation of the globe?
Strait of Magellan
Guam
Mariana Islands
Philippine Islands
Where did Ferdinand Magellan enlist?
7th Portuguese India Armada
How long did Ferdinand Magellan remain in the 7th Portuguese India Armada?
8 years
Who rejected Ferdinand Magellan multiple times?
King Manuel I of Portugal
named as a co-captain alongside Magellan by the time they received the letter of authorization
A
Ruy de Faleiro
Where was Ruy de Faleiro born?
Covilhã, Portugal
Who were the people that Ruy de Faleiro served as a page alongside Magellan?Who were the people that Ruy de Faleiro served as a page alongside Magellan?
Queen Eleanor
King John II
What was Magellan and Faleiro’s proposal?
Sail westward, around South America to seek a new commercial route to the Spice Islands of Makulu
