Pre-colonial Flashcards
After the Negritos, what was the second group of people who migrated by sea to the Philippines 3,000 to 8,000 years ago?
Answer: Indonesians
The Indonesian people came into two waves. The first one, the ‘Indonesians A’, became the ancestors of the Ilongot people of the Sierra Madres. Both groups introduced the ‘kaingin’ system of farming which is still practised today in the forested areas of the Philippines.
Foreign influences were evident on most aspects of Filipino culture - the Philippine languages, for example. Now, from which Asian language do these words came from, ‘alam’, ‘hukom’, and ‘salamat’?
Answer: Arabic
‘Alam’ means ‘know’. ‘Hukom’ is a judge and ‘salamat’ means ‘thanks’. These words were possibly brought by the Arab merchants and traders who came to the country in the 9th century.
What is considered the earliest form of writing in the Philippines?
Answer: Baybayin
This alphabet, often incorrectly referred to as ‘alibata’, consists of 17 letters of which three are vowels and fourteen are consonants.
Who first introduced the Islamic religion in the Philippines?
Answer: Makhdum
Mahdum (or Mudum or Makhdum) was an Arabic scholar who visited the island of Sulu in Mindanao in 1380 converting the natives there to Islam. After his death, Rajah Baginda, a prince, continued propagating the Islamic faith to the people of Sulu first started by Makhdum.
Who commanded a large Chinese fleet, sent by Emperor Yung Lo of the Ming dynasty in 1402 to trade with the country at the same time establish colonies along the coast towns of the archipelago?
Answer: Cheng Ho
The fleet consisted of more than sixty ships and had visited the islands of Mindoro and Sulu, Lingayen in the Pangasinan province and the Manila Bay.
What province was in the earlier times became known far and wide as the ‘provincia de Comintang’?
Answer: Batangas
Comintang (or kumintang), originally a war song, became the love song of the ancient Filipinos. When sung, it is accompanied by dancing to the sound of the early musical instruments.
Marriage among the Filipinos in the past was long and complicated. You had to render services to the prospective bride’s family, for example, by chopping wood or fetching water from a ‘balon’ for days or months or years! If you were lucky enough to be accepted, what did you call of the gift you were required to give to the girl’s parents?
Answer: Bigay-kaya
It was sab-ong in Ilocano. The gift either consisted of a piece of land, a cow or pieces of gold. Bigay-suso was a kind of bribe given to the girl’s mother.
Who was the Supreme Being of the ancient Filipinos who, they believed, had created the universe?
Answer: Bathala
Bathala is the highest deity and the lord of all the creation. Lalahon is the goddess of harvest while Sidapa is the god of death. The prayers and sacrifices offered to the gods were performed by the ‘babayins’ or ‘katalonas’.
While most of the children of the ancient times were taught at home, there existed formal schools in the Panay Island of Visayas. What were these schools called?
Answer: bothoan
Here the Panay children were taught arithmetic, reading, religion and writing.
Where was the landing spot of the 10 Bornean datus who had escaped (along with their families) from the rule of their sultan, Makatunaw of Borneo?
Answer: San Joaquin, Panay Island
The 10 datus (chieftains) purchased land on which they could settle in from Marikudo. They were led by Datu Puti. Datu Puti later returned to Borneo via the Palawan route. Datu Balensusa and Dumangsol established their settlement in Batangas while the rest of the datus settled in Panay.
are the ones who lead the barangays and their power is based ontheir wealth, number of slaves and popularity
Datos (The Chiefs)
people who does not pay tax or tribute to the Dato but accompany him during the war at their own expense.
Maharlika (Nobles)
people who have their own houses and family and serve their masters and they cannot be slaves nor be sold.
Aliping namamahay
those who doesn’t have property of their own which means that they only live with their master and is responsible in cultivating his master’s land.
Slaves
The other life is referred to as “____” which they believe is a paradise or village of rest.
Maca
place of punishment, grief and affliction which they call ____ which was a “place of anguish”
Casanaan
Spaniard term for the natives of the archipelago; Racially discriminating and connotes a hierarchy
Indio
Discoverer of Spratly Islands
Tomas Cloma
A group of people ruled over by one datu to whom they owe allegiance, living on sea coasts or riverbanks
Barangay
Other term for Barangay
Balangay
Define the barangay as the smallest political unit
Tagalogs
Name given by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos to the islands of Leyte and Samar after the Spanish prince Felipe
Filipinas
Evolved name of the early colony of the Philippines
Las Islas Filipinas
Term used by Pedro Chirino to distinguish those living in Filipinas
Filipinos
Austronesian language
Tumataban, tumarampok, ayuey
were considered the noble and ruling class, with privileges and responsibilities to protect the community and maintain peace and order.
refer to the native nobility who were granted privileges and titles by the Spanish authorities in exchange for their loyalty and service.
Maharlika
refer to the free commoners who were not part of the ruling or noble class. They were the middle class and had some privileges, such as owning land, but did not have the same status or power as the Maharlika.
During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, the term was used to refer to the native warriors who were conscripted by the Spanish authorities to fight in their armies. They were given some privileges, such as exemption from tribute and forced labor, but were still considered inferior to the Spanish soldiers.
Timawa
considered the highest class and were accorded with great respect and prestige. They were the ruling class and had significant power and influence over the community. Thus title was often inherited, and only certain families were considered to be part of this class.
Maginoo
refer to the native nobility who were given privileges and titles by the Spanish authorities in exchange for their loyalty and service. The Spanish also used the term to distinguish the native nobility from the commoners and the lower classes.
Maginoo
a term from the Philippines that refers to a slave or servant who lived in a space between the wall and the roof of a house. hey were called “_______” because they were considered the lowest among the slaves or servants and were relegated to this space, which is usually hot and uncomfortable.
Aliping sagigilid
This term has its roots in the pre-colonial Filipino society where there were different classes of people, and some were considered as lower class or slaves.
Aliping sagigilid
another term from the Philippines that refers to a slave or servant who lived in the household of their master. This term has its roots in the pre-colonial Filipino society, where there were different classes of people, and some were considered as lower class or slaves.
Aliping namamahay
hey were responsible for performing household chores and assisting their masters in their daily activities. They were not allowed to leave the household without permission, and their movements were often restricted.
Aliping namamahay
the highest rank of nobility; and they were considered to be powerful and influential members of their communities. responsible for maintaining peace and order in their territory, as well as for leading their people in times of war or conflict.
Gat/Lakan
They were often served by a council of advisors and were expected to be wise and just rulers.
Gat/Lakan
refers to a person who was considered a slave or servant during the pre-colonial era. In the social hierarchy of pre-colonial Filipino societies, the “___” were at the bottom and had few or no rights.
Alipin
was the head of a community or barangay (village), and their authority was based on their ability to lead their people and maintain peace and order in their territory.
Datu
they had already established a complex and sophisticated maritime culture. They built and sailed various types of boats, including the lepa and the vinta, which were used for trading and fishing. They also had a barter system in place, exchanging goods such as pearls, shells, and marine products for other items that they needed.
Badjaos
were organized into different political units, such as sultanates and datuships, each with its own ruling elite. They had their own system of laws and governance, and their society was characterized by strong familial ties and respect for elders.
Badjaos
___known for their fierce resistance against Spanish colonization. ___were skilled farmers, fishermen, and traders. They had a rich oral tradition, with epic poems and songs that told the stories of their ancestors and heroes. ___known for their intricate and colorful textiles, which were made using the ikat weaving technique. They also had a rich mythology and belief system, with spirits and deities believed to inhabit their environment.
Kalingas, Mandayas, Bagobos
