spanish colonial policies Flashcards
spanish east indies
PH, carolinas, marianas
why didn’t filipinos want to resettle from their barangays?
their livelihood is in the barangay; they don’t want to leave their dead ancestors
who headed the synod of manila?
juan de plasencia
what was the use of the open space in plaza complexes?
festivities; celebrations; so the spanish could oversee what the filipinos did there
what was the name for the sound of the bell?
bajo el son de la campana
what were the uses for the bell of the church?
if you hear the bell, you are still inside the plaza; military use (signals warning)
what was the social ranking based on?
ethnicity or religion
peninsulares
full-blooded spanish born in iberian peninsula
insulares
full-blooded spanish born in colonies (called filipinos)
principalia/principales
native aristocracy; nobility; don/doña
indios
natives; non-spanish christians
chinos infieles
non-christians
what appointments did the king of spain make?
political and religious
real patronato
royal patronage
how did the king help the real patronato?
gave financial assistance; appointed members
first name of the council of the indies
real y supremo consejo de indios
second name of the council of the indies
ministerio de ultramar (ministry of the colonies)
how many members were in the ministerio de ultramar?
6-8 members
what was the compilation of the laws of the ministerio de ultramar called?
recopilacion de las leyes de los reynos de indios
how were governador capitan-generals appointed?
through shortlist from council of indies
from what social ranking were the governador capitan-generals?
peninsulares
duties of governador capitan-general
administrative, military (naval shipyard in Cavite), economic, judicial, ecclesiastic
ticket meaning one is allowed to trade in galleon trade
boletas
monopoly stores of spanish in the PH
estancos
judge of the royal audiencia
oidor
salary of vice-real patron
40,000 pesos annually
cumplase
the power to veto
2 types of checks and balances
residencia - within 6 months after the term; visita - anytime
what type of province was alcadia?
pacified provinces; had a civil government
what type of province was corregimiento?
unpacified provinces; had an military government
what were the requirements for alcalde mayor and corregidor?
appointed by the king; peninsulares; lawyers
duties of alcalde mayor and corregidor
oidor; system of taxation, peace, and order
salary of alcalde mayor and corregidor
2000 pesos annually
indulto de comercio
license to trade
what were alcalde ordinarios in charge of?
ciudades
what were gobernadorcillos in charge of?
pueblos
difference between alcalde ordinario and gobernadorcillo people
alcalde ordinario - spanish; elected
gobernadorcillo - non-spanish (native)
what were cabeza de barangays in charge of?
barrios
cabeza de barangay nationality
non-spanish (native)
requirements for gobernadorcillo and cabeza de barangay
25 years old; fluent in spanish; no criminal records; principalia citizen
duties of cabeza de barangay
drafting of laborers; collecting tax
term for taxpayers list (collection of age, civil status, and qualifications of citizens)
padron
compilation of surnames
catalogo alfabetico de apellidos
who made the compilation of surnames and what was his position?
narciso claveria - gobernadorcillo
taxation system
encomienda
what did the spanish use taxes for?
replenish the royal treasury; maintain the colonies; helpl the church; fund the military
encomendar
to entrust; permit to collect taxes
encomendero
collector; peace and order, protection
how much of the total revenue goes to the tax collectors?
1/4
basic tax
8 reales = 1 peso per family per year
cedula personal
new taxation system for 18 year olds and above
who was exempted from paying tax?
people who were not married
who were the collectors in the encomienda de la corona/realenga?
gobernadorcillo, cabeza de barangay
what are the characteristics of the encomienda de la corona?
near port; agricultural; well-populated
how much of the revenue from encomienda de la corona went to the king?
100%
enco of the encomienda de la corona
king of spain; royal treasury
who were the collectors of the encomienda de particular?
soldiers
how much of the revenue from encomienda de particular went to the enco?
1/4
enco of the encomienda de particular
former spanish gov’t officials; colonial treasury
who were the 2 filipinos that became encos of encomienda de particular?
francisco liwag and juan de macapagal
enco of ecclesiastical encomienda
religious orders/institutions
where was the ecclesiastical encomienda?
pineda (pasay city)
name of military tax in luzon
vinta
name of military tax in visayas
falúa
name of military tax in mindanao
donativo de zamboanga
forced sale
bandala system
what happened in forced sale?
farmers were forced to sell their produce to the gov’t; gov’t only gave promissory notes
why did the government impose the bandala system?
to increase funds for wars against other European explorers
forced labor for men
polo y prestacion personal
what happened in forced labor for men
community forced labor; construction of galleons and infrastructures
requirement for men in forced labor
16-60 years old; polistas
how many days of work was forced labor for men?
40 days; became 15 in 1884
exemptions from forced labor for men
principalia, students, soldiers, sick
falla
1 1/2 reales; fee if you cannot do polo
forced labor for women
polo y servicio personal
what was the kind of forced labor for women?
domestic forced labor
