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SDEN3 English > Spain & Portugal > Flashcards

Spain & Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Spain have?

What’s their annual production?

A

Spain:
1 million ha

35-40 million hl per year

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2
Q

Where is Spain in the list of top producing countries in Europe?

A

Spain is the 3rd biggest wine country of Europe.

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3
Q

What are the two most important grape varieties in Spain?

A

Most important grape varieties in Spain:

Tempranillo
Garnacha

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4
Q

What is red wine called in Spain?

A

Vino Tinto

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5
Q

What’s the highest classification of origin in Spain?

A

DOCa: Denominación de Origen Calificada

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6
Q

What is DOP in Spain?

A

Spain DOP:
Denominación de Origen Protegida
Guaranteed origin and the wine complies with rules.

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7
Q

What does IGP stand for in Spain?

A

Indicación Geográfica Protegida
Country wine with geographical origin

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8
Q

What are Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva in Spain?

A

Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva are classifications for wines that have aged on oak.

The requirements for aging time differs per appellation (DOP/DOCa).

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9
Q

What is Joven?

A

Joven means young, and the term is used for young wines without or with very little oak aging.

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10
Q

What is Cava?

A

Cava is a Spanish sparkling wine made with the traditional method. Most Cava comes from Catalonia, and is a blend of grapes from different vintages.

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11
Q

What grapes are used for Cava?

A

Cava is made from:
Macabeo
Parellada
Xarel-lo
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

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12
Q

How many months of bottle aging do the following types of Cava get?

Cava
Cava Reserva
Cava Gran Reserva

A

Bottle aging:

Cava: at least 9 months
Cava Reserva: 15-30 months
Cava Gran Reserva: at least 30 months

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13
Q

What wines fall under DO Catalunya?

A

DO Catalunya can be red, white and rosé wines from all of Catalonia.

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14
Q

Where is Penedès located?

How many hectares of vineyards does it have?

A

Penedès is located in Catalonia, Spain.

15.000 ha

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15
Q

Which important Spanish producer comes from Penedès?

Where are the vineyards located in Penedès?

A

Important producer from Penedès:
Miguel Torres

The vineyards in Penedès are located in the cooler central and higher located parts, against the mountains.

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16
Q

What wines is made in Penedès?

From which grapes?

A

Penedès:
White, red, rosé, sparkling

Red:
Ull de llebre (=tempranillo)
Garnacha and other local and international varieties

White:
Local Macabeo
Parellada, Xarel-lo and international varieties

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17
Q

What is Clàssic Penedès?

A

Cava from Penedès

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18
Q

Name 2 Spanish DOCa’s.

A

Rioja

Priorat

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19
Q

Where is Priorat located?

How many hectares of vineyards do they have?

A

Priorat:
Catalonia, Spain

2200 ha

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20
Q

What soil type does Priorat have?

What climate does Priorat have?

What classification does Priorat have?

A

Priorat has a poor soil of weathered slate (licorella) with a mineral accent

Priorat has a warm and dry climate

The classification is DOCa

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21
Q

What wine is made in Priorat?

From what grapes?

What characterizes wines from Priorat?

A

Red wine

Grapes:
Cariñena (Carignan Samsó)
Garnacha
Syrah

Characteristics:
Powerful, bold, intensive (mineral) notes

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22
Q

What do the following Spanish terms mean:

Bodega
Vino blanco
Vino rosado
Vino tinto

A

Bodega = winery

Vino blanco = white wine

Vino rosado = rosé wine

Vino tinto = red wine

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23
Q

Where is Somontano located?

What does Somontano mean?

How many hectares of vineyards does Somontano have?

A

Somontano:
North of Spain, at the foot of the Pyrenees

Meaning: under the mountains

4000 ha

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24
Q

What is the cilmate and soil type of Somontano?

A

Somontano has a continental climate with enough rainfall

The soil is red/brown sandstone and clay

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25
Q

What wines come from Somontano?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics for the wines?

A

Somontano:
Red, white, rosé

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Garnacha, Syrah

Chardonnay

Modern style, fresh & fruity

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26
Q

What aging time is required for these Rioja classifications, on oak barrels and in the cellar?

Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva

A

Crianza: at least 1 year on oak barrel and 2 years in cellar

Reserva: at least 1 year on oak barrel and 3 years in cellar

Gran reserva: at least 2 years on oak barrel and 5 years in cellar

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27
Q

Where is Rioja located?

Name the 3 zones of Rioja?

A

Rioja is located in the north of Spain

3 zones:
Baja
Alta
Alavesa

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28
Q

What climate does Rioja have?

How many hectares of vineyards?

A

Rioja has a land climate

65.000 ha

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29
Q

What wines are made in Rioja?

What red grapes can be found?

A

Rioja:
75% red, 15% rosé, 10% white

Druiven:
Tempranillo
Garnacha
Graciano

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30
Q

Name the 2 wine styles of Rioja with their characteristics

A

Traditional: Full-bodied, smooth, vanilla notes, American oak

Modern: Powerful, fresh, fruity with mineral notes

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31
Q

Name 7 synonyms to Tempranillo and where they are used

A

Tempranillo synonyms:

Cencibel: La Mancha, Valdepeñas
Tinta de Toro: Toro
Tinta del País / Tinto Fino: Ribera del Duero
Ull de Llebre: Penedès
Aragonez / Tinta Roriz: Portugal

32
Q

Where is Ribera del Duero located?

How many hectares of vineyards does Ribera del Duero have?

What climate does Ribera del Duero have?

What’s a famous producer in Ribera del Duero?

A

Ribera del Duero is located in north of Spain

22.000 ha

Dry continental climate

Vega Sicilia

33
Q

What wine is made in Ribera del Duero?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Red

Tinto Fino / Tinta del País = Tempranillo
Garnacha

Powerful, oak aged wines with intense aromas

34
Q

Where is Rueda located?

How many hectares of vineyards do they have?

A

Rueda is located in mid-west Spain

13.000 ha

35
Q

What climate does Rueda have?

What are some characteristics of the vineyards in Rueda?

What climate does Rueda have?

A

Rueda has a continental climate, hot summers, cold winters.

The vineyards are located on plateaus with low vines to protect from the wind.

Calcareous soils

36
Q

What wines come from Rueda (percentage)?

What grapes are used in Rueda?

A

95% white

Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc, Macabeo

37
Q

What 2 characteristic wines can be found in Rueda, which one is the most common?

A

Rueda:

Fresh & fruity style (

Rueda Fermentado & Barrica: with oak aging, more structure and nutty aromas

38
Q

From what grapes are the following wines made (percentages)

DO Rueda
DO Rueda Verdejo
DO Rueda Sauvignon Blanc

A

DO Rueda: at least 50% Verdejo

DO Rueda Verdejo: at least 85% Verdejo

DO Rueda Sauvignon Blanc: at least 85% Sauvignon Blanc

39
Q

Where is Rías Baixas located?

How many hectares of vineyards does Rías Baixas have?

A

Rais Baixas is located in north west Spain, by the coast, directly above Portugal.

4000 ha

40
Q

What’s the climate and soil type of Rías Baixas?

A

Rías Baixas has a relatively cool climate, with plenty of rain. The soil is rich in granite.

41
Q

What wine comes from Rías Baixas (percentage)?

Made from what grapes?

A

95% white

Albariño

42
Q

Where is La Mancha located?

How many hectares do they have?

A

Middle of Spain, on a high plateau

200.000 ha

43
Q

What climate and soil type does La Mancha have?

A

La Mancha has a land climate, very hot summers, cold winters, 350 mm rain.

The soil of La Mancha is calcareous.

44
Q

What wines come from La Mancha?

From which grapes?

A

La Mancha:
Red wine, also white as base wine for brandy

Red grapes:
Cencibel (Tempranillo)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Syrah

White grapes:
Airén
Chardonnay

45
Q

What are some characteristics for red wines from La Mancha?

A

Red wines from La Mancha:

Without oak ageing: full-bodied, soft, smooth with ripe fruit

With oak ageing: full-bodied, ripe fruit, vanilla and sweet spices

46
Q

Where is Valdepeñas located?

What climate and soil does Valdepeñas have?

A

Valdepeñas is located in Spain, below La Mancha

Valdepeñas has a warm land climate, and the soil consists of clay, loam and chalk

47
Q

What wines come from Valdepeñas?

From which grapes?

A

Valdepeñas:
- Red wine and white Airén wine for distillates

Red grapes:
Cencibel (tempranillo)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Petit Verdot

White grapes:
Airén

48
Q

What 4 characteristic types of wine come from Valdepeñas? What are some characteristics of these?

A

Vino Tinto: simple, light red, fruity

Crianza: red fruit & vanilla notes from a short oak aging

Reserva: smooth, some red fruit, clear vanilla notes from oak aging

Gran Reserva: Full-bodied, rich, dried fruit, vanilla, sweet spices, soft

49
Q

Describe the aging requirements (oak barrels and total cellar time) for the following wines from Valdepeñas:

Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva

A

Crianza: at least 6 months on oak and 2 years total cellar time
Reserva: at least 12 months on oak and 3 years total cellar time
Gran Reserva: at least 18 months on oak and 5 years total cellar time

50
Q

Where is Jerez located?

How many hectares of vineyards does Jerez have?

A

South-west Spain. Between Jerez de la Frontera, El Puerto de Santa Maria and Sanlúcar de Barrameda (el triangúlo)

10.000 ha

51
Q

What climate and soil type does Jerez have?

A

Jerez has a warm land climate and gets cooled by the Atlantic Ocean.

The soil is called Albariza, it’s bright white and very calcareous

52
Q

What wines come from Jerez?

What grapes are used?

What are two famous wine styles from Jerez?

A

Jerez:
Sherry and white wine

Grapes:
Palomino Fino
Pedro Ximénez
Moscatel

Fino: with flor
Oloroso: without flor (oxidative)

53
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Portugal have?

What’s their annual production?

On what spot is Portugal in the list of wine producing countries in Europe?

A

195.000 ha

6,5 million hl per year

4th wine country in Europe

54
Q

Where is Minho/Vinho Verde located?

What climate and soil type does Minho have?

A

North west Portugal

34.000 ha

Mediterranean with influences from the ocean

Granite soils

55
Q

What wines come from Minho/Vinho Verde?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Minho/Vinho Verde:
White wine

Grapes:
Alvarinho
Loureiro
Trajadura

Tense, dry, apple, mineral notes, a slight sparkle,
Cold fermentation on steel

56
Q

What are the quality classifications of Portugal?

A

Classifications of Portugal:
DOP: Denominaçâo de Origem Protegida
Guaranteed origin and the wine complies with rules

IGP: Indicaçâo Geografica Protegida
Country wine with geographical origin
(traditional classification VR, Vinho Regional)

57
Q

Where is Douro located?

How many hectares of vineyards does Duoro have?

A

North of Portugal

45.000 ha

58
Q

What climate and soil type does Douro have?

What are some characteristics of the vineyards?

A

Douro has a land climate with hot, dry summers and cold winters.

The soil type is schist (a type of slate).

The vineyards are located at a high altitude with steep terraced slopes.

59
Q

What wines come from Douro?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Douro:
Port (red, white, rosé)
Red wine
White wine

Red grapes:
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Tinta Barroca
Tinto Cão

Mostly with oak ageing

60
Q

What does the term Vintage mean on a bottle of port?

A

Vintage on a bottle of port means 3 years oak ageing. It’s the top among port wines. Stable and mostly ready to drink after 10 years. From one vintage.

61
Q

What does the term Colheita mean on a bottle of port?

A

Colheita means from one vintage, at least 7 years oak ageing. Tawny style.

62
Q

What do the following terms mean in Portugal?

Colheita
Quinta
Vinho Branco
Vinho Rosado
Vinho Tinto

A

Colheita = vintage
Quinta = winery or farm
vinho branco = white wine
vinho rosado = rosé wine
vinho tinto = red wine

63
Q

Where is Dão located?

What climate and soil type does Dão have?

A

Dão is located in mid-northern Portugal

The climate is warm and dry with rain in the winter. The soil is sand on a foundation of granite.

64
Q

What wines come from Dão?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics for the wines from Dão?

A

Dão:
Red and white

Red grapes:
Touriga Nacional

Steady and robust

65
Q

Where is Bairrada located?

What is the climate there?

A

Bairrada:
Mid-northern Portugal

There is a lot of influence from the ocean, cold and humid. There is a risk of mildew and insufficient ripening.

66
Q

What wines come from Bairrada?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of the wines from Bairrada?

A

Bairrada:
Red wine

Baga
Touriga Nacional
+ international varieties

Steady, full-bodied, powerful

67
Q

Where is Alentejo located?

What is the climate and soil type there?

A

Alentejo:
Southeast Portugal

The climate is sunny, warm and dry, irrigation is needed.

The soil is schist or granite, locally clay and chalk

68
Q

What wines come from Alentejo?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Alentejo:
Red and white wine

Red grapes:
Aragonez (Tempranillo)
Trincadeiro
Alicante Bouschet

The wine styles vary from smooth and ripe to steady and oaked

69
Q

Where is Madeira located?

How many hectares of vineyards does Madeira have?

What is the climate?

What soil type does Madeira have?

A

Madeira is an island that belongs to Portugal, but is located 700 km from the coast of west Africa

600 ha

The climate is subtropical and very humid

The soil is fertile and volcanic

70
Q

What wine comes from Madeira?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Madeira:
Madeira (fortified wine)

Red grapes:
Negra Mole
Sercial
Verdelho
Boal
Malmsey (Malvasia)

Dry to sweet, always with remarkably high acidity

71
Q

How does the fermentation of Madeira happen (2 types)?

A

Simple (rainwater) Madeira - warmed in tanks, at least 3 months on 50 degrees (Estufa method)

Quality Madeira - fermented in oak barrels in warm areas or in the sun (Canteiro method)

72
Q

What is the Estufa method?

A

The fermentation method used for simple rainwater Madeira, warmed in tanks at least 3 months at 50 degrees

73
Q

What is the Canteiro method?

A

The fermentation method used for quality Madeira, aged in oak barrels in warm areas or in the sun.

74
Q

From what grape is the driest Madeira made?

A

Sercial

75
Q

From what grape is the sweetest Madeira made?

A

Malmsey

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