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France Flashcards

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1
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does France have?

A

785.000 ha

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2
Q

How many hectoliters of wine does France produce per year?

A

France produces 45 million hectoliters of wine per year.

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3
Q

What does AOP and IGP mean on French wine labels?

A

AOP: Appellation d’Origine Protégée
Guarantee of origin, the wine complies to certain rules.

IGP: Indication Geographique Protégée
A country wine with a geographical origin.

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4
Q

What is the percentage of white and red wine that Alsace produces?

A

90% white
10% red

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5
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Alsace have?

A

Alsace has 15.600 hectares of vineyards.

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6
Q

How many hectoliters of wine does Alsace produce per year?

A

Alsace produces 1 million hectoliters of wine per year.

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7
Q

What climate does Alsace have?

A

A relatively warm climate with many hours of sun, which gives the wines very rich and ripe aromas.

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8
Q

What soil type does Alsace have?

A

A variation of sandstone, chalk, clay, granite and slate.

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9
Q

Where are the best vineyards of Alsace located?

A

The best vineyards of Alsace are facing south and south east, at an altitude of between 200 and 400 meters.

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10
Q

What is the name of the mandatory type of bottle in Alsace?

A

Flûte d’Alsace

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11
Q

What are the most famous grape varieties of Alsace? (7)

A

Pinot Gris
Gewurtztraminer
Pinot Blanc
Riesling

Upcoming: Silvaner, Muscat

Red: Pinot Noir

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12
Q

How is a dry wine labelled in Alsace?

A

Sec

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13
Q

What does Vendanges Tardives mean?

A

Late harvest

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14
Q

What does SGN mean?

A

Selection des Grains Nobles, a sweet wine made from grapes with Botrytis Cinerea (noble rot).

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15
Q

What are Alsace blends called?

A

Edelzwicker or Gentil

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16
Q

What is crémant d’Alsace?

A

A sparkling wine from Alsace, made with the traditional method.

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17
Q

How many grand cru vineyards does Alsace have?

A

51

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18
Q

From which grapes do grand cru wines have to be made in Alsace?

What is the exception?

A

Riesling
Gewurtztraminer
Pinot Gris
Muscat

Exception: Grand cru Zotzenberg, made from Silvaner

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19
Q

What grape varieties can be found in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir
Chardonnay

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20
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Burgundy have?

A

30.000 hectares of vineyards.

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21
Q

How many hectoliters of wine does Burgundy produce per year?

A

1,4 million hectoliter per year.

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22
Q

How many percent of the following wines are produced in Burgundy?

Red & rosé
White
Crémant de Bourgogne

A

28% red & rosé
62% white
10% Crémant de Bourgogne

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23
Q

How many grand cru’s are in Chablis?

What are the characteristics of those?

A

7 grand cru climats (vineyards) in Chablis.

They have the best sun exposure, and thick kimmeridge soils.

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24
Q

How many premier cru’s are in Chablis?

What are the characteristics of these?

A

40 premier cru climats in Chablis.

The sun exposure varies, and they have good kimmeridge soils.

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25
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Chablis have?

A

5200 hectares of vineyards

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26
Q

What are the characteristics of Chablis grand cru wines?

A

Chablis grand cru:
Dry,
rich,
powerful,
complex,
often oak aged,
need time before they’re ready to drink

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of Chablis premier cru wines?

A

Chablis premier cru:
Dry,
fresh,
medium bodied,
complex,
with and without oak aging

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28
Q

What are the characteristics of Chablis wines?

A

Chablis:
Dry,
fresh,
light,
young,
unoaked

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29
Q

What are the 2 subregions of Côte d’Or?

A

Côte de Nuits
Côte de Beaune

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30
Q

What climate does Burgundy have?

A

Burgundy has a semi continental climate.

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31
Q

What is the soil type of Côte d’Or?

A

Varied, firm clay soils, loose sandy soils, rich in chalk with good drainage.

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32
Q

What determines the quality of the vineyards in Burgundy? (3)

A

The composition of the soil
The steepness of the slopes (côtes)
The sun exposure of the slopes

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33
Q

Where are the premier cru and grand cru vineyards located in Burgundy?

A

On slopes at an altitude between 150 and 400 meters.

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34
Q

Where are the vineyards for the “normal” Burgundy wines located?

A

At an altitude below 150 meters.

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35
Q

Where are the vineyards for light Burgundy wines located?

A

At an altitude above 400 meters.

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36
Q

Name 5 grand cru’s from Côte de Nuits (from north to south)?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot
Vosne-Romanée
Nuits-Saint-Georges

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37
Q

Name 2 famous producers and their origin in Côtes de Nuits?

A

Château du Clos Vougeot from Vougeot

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti from Vosne-Romanée

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38
Q

What type of wines are primarily made in Côtes de Nuits?

A

Côtes de Nuits = Red wines

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39
Q

What type of wines are primarily made in Côtes de Beaune?

A

Côtes de Beaune = White wines

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40
Q

Name the classifications of Burgundy from top to bottom.

A

Grand cru
Premier cru
Village (e.g. Saint Veran)
Village (e.g. Côtes de Nuits Villages)
Bourgogne (from the entire region)

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41
Q

Name the 5 most important designations of origin of Côtes de Beaune from north to south.

A

Aloxe-Corton
Pommard
Volnay
Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet

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42
Q

What type of wines are primarily made in Côte Chalonnaise?

From which grapes?

A

White, red, sparkling

Chardonnay & Pinot Noir

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43
Q

What type of wines do primarily come from Mercury?

What are the characteristics of these wines?

In what region is Mercury located?

A

Primarily red, also some white.

The wines are medium bodied, fruity.

Mercury is located in Côte Chalonnaise in Burgundy.

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44
Q

Where is Mâconnais located?

What type of wines come from Mâconnais?

What grapes can be found there?

A

Mâconnais is located in Burgundy.

Primarily white wines, also some red.

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Gamay

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45
Q

Where is Pouilly-Fuissé located?

What grapes can be found here?

A

Pouilly-Fuissé is located in Mâconnais, Burgundy

Chardonnay

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46
Q

From what area in Mâconnais do the best white wines come from?

A

Pouilly-Fuissé

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47
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Beaujolais have?

A

Beaujolais has 19.000 hectares of vineyards.

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48
Q

What percentages of red and white wines come from Beaujolais?

A

Beaujolais:
95% red
5% white

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49
Q

How many hectoliters of wine does Beaujolais produce per year?

A

Beaujolais: 1 million hectoliter

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50
Q

What climate does Beaujolais have?

A

Beaujolais transitions the cooler north and the warmer south. It has a moderate semi continental climate with Atlantic and mediterranean influences.

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51
Q

What type of soil does Beaujolais have?

A

Pulverized granite mixed with clay, sand and chalk.

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52
Q

How many cru’s are in Beaujolais?

Where are these cru’s located?

A

There are 10 cru’s in Beaujolais.

These cru’s are located in Haut-Beaujolais, the northern part of the region.

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53
Q

Wat is vinification Beaujolaise?

What is vinification Beaujolaise?

A

Macération semi-carbonique

Macération = infusion
semi = partly
carbonique = with carbon dioxide

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54
Q

Name the classifications of Beaujolais from top to bottom.

A

Crus du Beaujolais (terroir wines from the best granite soils)
Beaujolais Villages (vineyards in the north)
Beaujolais & Beaujolais Nouveau or primeur (wines from the entire region)

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55
Q

Name 4 cru’s of Beaujolais from north to south.

In what part of Beaujolais are these cru’s located?

A

Saint-Amour
Moulin-à-Vent
Fleurie
Morgon

The cru’s are located in the north of Beaujolais.

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56
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Jura have?

A

2000 hectares

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57
Q

How many hectoliters of wine does Jura produce per year?

How many percent is this of the total French wine production?

A

87.000 hectoliter per year

0,2% of the total French wine production

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58
Q

What wines come from Jura?

What grapes are grown in Jura?

A

White, red, sparkling

White:
Chardonnay,
Savagnin

Red:
Pinot Noir,
Trousseau,
Poulsard

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59
Q

Name 2 specialty wines from Jura and describe them.

A

Vin Jaune: yellow wine, looks like sherry, has fermented under a yeast layer

Vin de Paille: Straw wine, sweet, made from grapes that have dried on straw mats (hence the name)

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60
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Savoie have?

What is their annual production?

A

1900 hectares

117.000 hectoliter per year

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61
Q

What type of wine is made in Savoie?

From which grapes?

How are 75% of the wines from this region sold?

A

White, red, sparkling

White grapes:
Jacquère
Altesse

Red grapes:
Gamay
Mondeuse

Sold as Vin de Savoie

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62
Q

How many percent red, rosé and white is produced in Rhône?

A

Rhône:
79% red
14% rosé
7% white

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63
Q

How many hectares of vineyard does Rhône have?

What is their annual production?

A

Rhône:
70.000 hectares

3 million hectoliter per year

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64
Q

Name 3 important appellations in the northern Rhône.

A

Côte-Rôtie

Condrieu

Hermitage & Crozes-Hermitage

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65
Q

Where are the vineyards primarily located in the northern Rhône?

A

Primarily on the west side, on very steep slopes.

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66
Q

What soil types can be found in the northern Rhône?

A

Granite, gneiss, schist.

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67
Q

What is the climate in northern Rhône?

A

Semi continental transitional climate

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68
Q

What grape varieties can be found in the northern Rhône?

A

Red:
Syrah

White:
Viognier,
Marsanne,
Roussanne

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69
Q

What is the most northern cru of Rhône?

A

Côte-Rotie

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70
Q

What does Côte-Rotie mean?

What grapes can be found here?

What are some characteristics of the wine?

A

Toasted slope

Syrah + 20% Viognier

Powerful, complex, rich terroir wines with mineral notes.

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71
Q

What grapes are used in Condrieu?

What are characteristics of Condrieu wines?

A

Viognier

Aromatic, rich, complex wines with low acidity.

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72
Q

What appellations are located on the east side of the northern Rhône?

A

On the east side of northern Rhône you will find:

Hermitage
Crozes-Hermitage

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73
Q

What is the biggest appellation of the northern Rhône?

A

Crozes-Hermitage

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74
Q

What grapes can be found in Hermitage and Crozes-Hermitage?

A

Red: Syrah + maximaal 15% Marsanne and/or Roussanne

White: Marsanne, Roussannne

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75
Q

What are some characteristics of a red Hermitage?

A

Powerful, complex, rich terroir wine with intense aromas of black fruit. Good aging potential.

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76
Q

What are some characteristics of a red Crozes-Hermitage?

A

Variation of medium bodied, fresh, fruity wines to powerful, robust ones.

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77
Q

What are the characteristics of white wines from Hermitage and Crozes-Hermitage?

A

Perfumed, complex wines with mineral notes. Can age well.

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78
Q

Where does the southern part of Rhône start?

A

South of Montélimar.

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79
Q

How are the vineyards planted in southern Rhône?

A

On hills and slopes.

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80
Q

What soil types can be found in southern Rhône?

Name a famous one?

A

Big variation in soil types, chalk content is high.

Famous: Galet Roulés (terraces of round stones on red clay).

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81
Q

What climate does southern Rhône have?

A

Mediterranean climate with warm to hot summers.

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82
Q

What is the most important grape of southern Rhône?

A

Grenache Noir

83
Q

What are the most important appellations of southern Rhône? (3)

A

Châteauneuf-du-Pape

Beaumes-de-Venise

Gigondas

84
Q

What is the pruning method of vines that are close to the ground in Châteauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Gobelet (French), bush vine or goblet shape.

85
Q

What grapes can be found in Châteauneuf-de-Pape?

What are characteristics for wines from this appellation?

A

Grapes in Châteauneuf-de-Pape:
Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Cinsault

Characteristics:
Powerful, rich, complex, warm wines. Firm when young, soft when matured/ready to drink.

86
Q

What grapes can be found in Beaumes-de-Venise?

What is a famous wine from this area?

A

Beaumes-de-Venise
White grapes - Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

Red grapes - Primarily Grenache and Syrah

Famous wine: Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

87
Q

What are characteristics for white wines from Beaumes-de-Venise?

And for red wines from the same area?

A

White wines from Beaumes-de-Venise:
VDN, dessert wine, sweet, perfumed with aromas of muscat grape

Red wines from Beaumes-de-Venise:
Steady, fruity, herbal/spicy notes

88
Q

What grapes can be found in Gigondas?

What are characteristics for wines from this region?

A

Grapes in Gigondas:
At least 50% Grenache + 15% Syrah en/of Mourvèdre

Characteristics:
Steady, full bodied wine with aromas of berries and herbal/spicy notes

89
Q

Beschrijf van top naar bodem de classificaties van de zuidelijke Rhône.

Describe the classifications of southern Rhône from top to bottom.

A

Cru
Côtes du Rhônes Villages + village name
Côtes du Rhônes Villages
Côtes du Rhône
IGP wines

90
Q

How many hectares of vineyards are in Provence?

How many hectoliter of wine does Provence produce per year?

A

Provence:

38.000 hectares

2 million hectoliter per year

91
Q

How many percent of the wine from Provence is dry rosé?

A

80% of the wine from Provence is dry rosé.

92
Q

Name 2 appellations from Provence.

A

Côtes de Provence
Bandol

93
Q

What type of wines come from Provence?

What grapes can be found there?

A

Provence:
Red, rosé, white

Red grapes:
Grenache,
Cinsault,
Mourvèdre

White grapes
Rolle (Vermentino)

94
Q

What wines come from Bandol?

What grapes can be found in Bandol?

A

Bandol (Provence):
Red, rosé

Grapes:
Mourvèdre,
Grenache,
Cinsault

95
Q

How many hectares of vineyards are on Corsica?

What is the annual production on Corsica?

What is the best AOP of Corsica?

A

Corsica:

6000 hectares

350.000 hectoliter wine per year

AOP Patrimonio

96
Q

What type of wines are made on Corsica?

What grapes can be found there?

A

Wines on Corsica:
Red, rosé, white

Red grapes: Nielluccio

White grapes: Rolle (Vermentino)

97
Q

What AOP has the best reputation on Corsica?

A

AOP Patrimonio

98
Q

Give the percentages of red, white and rosé from Loire.

A

Loire:

50% White
25% Red
25% Rosé

99
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Loire have?

What is the annual production?

A

Loire:
55.000 hectares

3 million hectoliter per year

100
Q

What is the western part of Loire called?

A

Val de Loire

101
Q

What climate does Val de Loire have?

What soil type does Val de Loire have?

A

Sea climate

A variation of granite, slate, chalk-rich clay and sand.

102
Q

What are the most important areas of Val de Loire from west to east? (8)

A

Val de Loire:

Muscadet
Anjou
Savennieres
Coteaux du Layon
Saumur
Vouvray
Chinon & Bourgueil
Touraine

103
Q

What type of wine comes from Muscadet?

What grapes comes from there?

What are characteristics of this wine?

What is a specialty of this region?

A

White wine

Melon de Bourgogne

Dry, light, fresh, green apple, saline, unoaked

Muscadet sur Lie

104
Q

What wine comes from Savennières?

From what grapes?

What soil is important here?

What wine styles can be found here?

Name a famous producer?

A

Savennières:
Chenin Blanc
White, dry, half dry and sweet
Volcanic slate soil

Everything from bone dry to sweet

Famous producer:
Clos de la Coulée de Serrant

105
Q

What wine comes from Coteaux du Layon?

From what grapes?

A

Coteaux du Layon:
White, sweet with Botrytis

Chenin Blanc

106
Q

What type of wine comes from Saumur?

From which grapes?

A

Saumur:
White, red and sparkling

White grapes:
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc,
Chardonnay (sparkling)

Red grapes:
Cabernet Franc

107
Q

What is Saumur Blanc?

A

Saumur Blanc:
Dry, fresh white wine, 100% Chenin Blanc

108
Q

Where does the most famous red wine from Saumur come from?

A

Saumur-Champigny

109
Q

What type of wine comes from Vouvray?

From which grapes?

Wine style?

A

Vouvray:
White, red, sparkling

White:
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay (sparkling)

Red:
Cabernet Franc

Dry as well as sweet Chenin Blanc wines have high acidity and can age well.

110
Q

What wine comes from Chinon & Bourgueil?

From which grapes?

Wine style?

A

Chinon & Bourgueil:
Red

Breton (Cabernet Franc)

Medium bodied, fruity, sometimes with paprika notes and fresh acidity.

111
Q

What type of wine comes from Touraine?

From which grapes?

Wine style?

A

Touraine:
White, rosé, red

White
Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc

Red
Cot (Malbec)
Cabernet Franc
Gamay

Dry, fresh, light Sauvignon Blanc de Touraine

112
Q

What is the eastern part of Loire called?

A

Centre-Loire

113
Q

What climate does Centre-Loire have?

What soil type?

A

Centre-Loire has a semi continental climate.

Soils are rich in chalk and clay with flint (silex).

114
Q

What’s the most important grape of Centre-Loire?

A

Sauvignon Blanc (80%)

115
Q

What wines come from Sancerre?

From which gapes?

What’s an important soil type here?

What are characteristics of these wines?

A

Sancerre:
Primarily white, but also red and rosé

Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir

The soil is rich in chalk with kimmeridge

White wines are refined, fresh, citrus, green herbs, mineral
Red wines are light, fresh, fruity, strained

116
Q

What wines come from Pouilly-Fumé?

From what grapes?

What are characteristics of these wines?

A

Pouilly-Fumé:
White

Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir

Cool climate wines: dry, fresh and fruity

117
Q

What wines come from Menetou-Salon?

From what grapes?

What are characteristics of these wines?

A

Menetou-Salon:
White and red

Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir

White: dry, fresh and light
Red: light, fresh and fruity

118
Q

How many hectares of vineyards does Champagne have?

What’s the annual production?

A

33.000 hectares

2,7 million hectoliter per year

119
Q

What climate does Champagne have?

What soil type?

A

Cool continental climate

Calcareous

120
Q

What grapes can be found in Champagne?

A

Chardonnay, pinot noir, pinot meunier

121
Q

What is liqueur de dosage / liqueur d’expédition?

What is its purpose?

A

A mixture of wine and sugar which is used to top up the bottle after the yeast has been removed (degorgement).

The dosage determines if the champagne becomes brut or demi-sec.

122
Q

Name 3 important areas in Champagne.

A

Montagne de Reims

Côtes de Blancs

Vallée de la Marne

123
Q

What grapes are used in Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
Chardonnay

124
Q

What grapes are used in Vallée de la Marne?

A

Primarily Pinot Noir, also Pinot Meunier

125
Q

What grapes are used in Côtes de Blancs?

A

On the southeastern slopes - Chardonnay

Also Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier

126
Q

What do the following terms mean in Champagne:

blanc de noirs

blanc de blancs

A

blanc de noirs - white champagne from blue grapes, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier

blanc de blancs - champagne with only chardonnay

127
Q

What do the following terms mean in Champagne?

Grand cru?

Millésimé

A

Grand cru: Grapes from the best slopes, there are 17 villages with grand cru

Millésimé: Champagne from one vintage year

128
Q

How much sugar is allowed in Brut Nature (or dosage zéro) champagne?

What does it taste like?

A

Max 3 gram/liter

Tastes strained and bone dry

129
Q

How much sugar is allowed in in Extra Brut champagne?

What does it taste like?

A

Max 6 gram/liter

Tastes strained and dry

130
Q

How much sugar is allowed in Brut champagne?

What does it taste like?

A

Max 12 gram/liter

Tastes dry

131
Q

Hoeveel suiker per liter heeft en hoe smaakt champagne demi-sec?

How much sugar is allowed in Demi-sec champagne?

What does it taste like?

A

32 to 50 gram/liter

Tastes half sweet

132
Q

How many hectares of vineyard does Languedoc-Roussilon have?

What’s the annual production?

How many percent is that of the total French wine production?

A

225.000 hectares

13 million hectoliter per year

30% of the total production in France

133
Q

What is the biggest viticultural area in France?

A

Languedoc-Roussilon

134
Q

What climate does Languedoc-Roussilon have?

What soil type does Languedoc-Roussilon have

A

Mediterranean climate with a lot of sun

Soil type varies, sandstone, chalk, slate

135
Q

What is a specialty in Roussilon?

A

Vin Doux Naturel (VDN)

136
Q

What is Vin Doux Naturel?

A

A sweet wine that is created by interrupting the fermentation by adding alcohol. Therefore it contains a big amount of residual sugar.

137
Q

What types of Vin Doux Naturel are there? (2)

A

Fruity, unoaked

Oxidative with long oak aging

138
Q

What are the highest and second highest classifications of Languedoc Roussilon?

A
  1. A specific area, for example Minervois
  2. AOP + own name, e.g. AOP Côtes du Roussilon Villages
139
Q

What do AOP Languedoc and AOP Côtes du Roussilon mean?

What type of wines can this be?

A

Made from traditional grape varieties, coming from the area.

White, red, rosé.

140
Q

What does IGP Pays d’Oc mean for wines from Languedoc-Roussilon?

What type of wines is this?

A

Free choice of grapes, coming from the area.

White, red, rosé.

141
Q

What does the classification Vin de France mean (from Languedoc-Roussilon?

What type of wines is this?

A

Free choice of grapes and free choice of origin.

White, red, rosé.

142
Q

Noem 3 wijngebieden in Langeudoc

Name 3 wine regions in Languedoc.

A

Corbières

Minervois

Limoux

143
Q

What is the biggest individual appellation of Languedoc?

What type of wines are made here?

A

Corbières

90% red, also white and rosé

144
Q

What grapes are used in Corbières?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Corbières:
Primarily Carignan and Grenache, also Syrah and Mourvedré

The wines are rustic, spicy with mediterranean herbal notes

145
Q

What type of wines comes from Minervois?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Minervois:
95% red, also white and rosé

Primarily Syrah, also Mourvedré and Grenache

The wines are full bodied, ripe tannins, soft

146
Q

What is Limoux specialised in?

A

Limoux:
Sparkling and still white wine

147
Q

Why is Limoux a suitable location for sparkling and still white wines?

A

The high altitude of the vineyards and the influence from the Atlantic ocean provides cooling.

148
Q

What grapes are used in Limoux?

A

Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
Mauzac

149
Q

Name 2 famous wines from Limoux

A

Crémant de Limoux - sparkling wine made primarily from Chardonnay using the traditional method

Blanquette de Limoux - sparkling wine made from Mauzac, also using the traditional method

150
Q

Name 3 wine regions in Roussilon

A

Rivesaltes

Banyuls

Côtes du Roussilon Villages

151
Q

What 2 types of Vin Doux Naturel come from Rivesaltes?

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes

Rivesaltes

152
Q

What are some characteristics of Muscat de Rivesaltes?

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes:
Sweet wine
15-18% alcohol
Made from the grape Muscat à Petit Grains
Clear aromas of Muscat grapes

153
Q

What are some characteristics of Rivesaltes?

A

Rivesaltes:
Sweet wine
At least 15% alcohol
Made from Grenache grapes (blanc, noir, gris)
Available as white, red and rosé

154
Q

What is the most famous Vin Doux Naturel from Roussilon?

From what grapes is it made?

A

Banyuls, made from Grenache

155
Q

What type of wines come from Côtes du Roussilon Villages?

From which grapes?

What are characteristics of these wines?

A

Côtes du Roussilon Villages:
Red

Grenache
Syrah
Mourvèdre
Carignan

Fruity with spicy garrigue aromas and mediterranean herbs. Mostly smooth

156
Q

Name 4 AOP’s from Sud-Ouest?

Name the IGP from Sud-Ouest?

A

AOP’s Sud-Ouest:
Bergerac
Cahors
Madiran
Jurançon

IGP: Côtes de Gascogne

157
Q

What is a special appellation from Bergerac?

What are characteristics of these wines?

A

Monbazillac

Sweet wines, made from grapes with botrytis

158
Q

What type of wines come from Bergerac?

Made from which grapes?

A

Bergerac:
Red, dry and sweet white

Red:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc

White:
Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc

159
Q

What are the characteristics of white wines from Bergerac?

A

Bergerac white wines:
Dry and fresh

160
Q

What are characteristics of red wines from Bergerac?

A

Bergerac red wines:
Fruity Bordeaux style

161
Q

What special wines come from Bergerac?

A

Sweet white wines made from overripe or botrytis grapes.

162
Q

What type of wines come from Cahors?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Cahors:
Red

Malbec / Cot
Tannat
Merlot

Firm, deep red wines with fruity and spicy aromas

163
Q

What type of wines come from Madiran?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Madiran:
Red

At least 50% Tannat
Fer Servadou
Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

Fruity, spicy Bordeaux style wine

164
Q

What is passerilage?

A

Grapes that have dried on the vine.

165
Q

What wines come from Jurançon?

Made from which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Jurançon:
Dry and sweet white

Gros Manseng
Petit Manseng

Dry, fresh white wine, perfumed aromas of peach

166
Q

What is a specialty of Jurançon?

A

Sweet, soft, aromatic white wines from dried grapes.

167
Q

What grapes can be found in Côtes de Gascogne?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Côtes de Gascogne:
Colombard
Ugni Blanc
Folle Blanche / Picpoul

Light, fresh, fruity, simple

168
Q

How many hectares of vineyard does Bordeaux have?

What’s the annual production?

A

112.000 hectares

5 million hectoliter per year

169
Q

How many percent of the wine from Bordeaux is red?

How many wineries does Bordeaux have?

A

88% red wine

12.000 wineries

170
Q

What is the climate in Bordeaux?

What is the soil type in Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux has a moderate warm sea climate.

The soil is gravel, sand and clay.

171
Q

What do you know about the plant density in Bordeaux?

A

High plant density (on average 6000 vines per hectare, can be up to 10.000 vines per hectare)

172
Q

What is the name for the left bank of Bordeaux?

A

Left bank = Rive gauche

173
Q

What is the name for the right bank of Bordeaux?

A

Right bank = Rive droite

174
Q

How many liter is a barrique in Bordeaux?

A

225 liter

175
Q

Name the left bank regions of Bordeaux from north to south.

A

Left bank Bordeaux, north to south:

Médoc
Haut-Médoc
Pessac-Léognan
Graves
Sauternes

176
Q

What type of wine comes from Médoc and Haut-Médoc?

From which grapes?

A

Red

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc

177
Q

What are croupes graveleuses?

A

Sloping gravelly hilltops in Haut-Médoc.

178
Q

What type of wines come from Graves and Pessac-Léognan?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Graves & Pessac-Léognan:
Red and white

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon

Dry, often oaked

179
Q

What specialty comes from Sauternes and Barsac?

From what grapes?

A

Sweet white wine with noble rot

Sauvignon blanc
Sémillon

180
Q

Name 3 Premier Grand Cru Classé wineries in Haut-Médoc.

Where are they located?

A

Haut-Médoc:
Lafite Rothschild
Mouton Rothschild
Latour

Pauillac

181
Q

Name a Premier Grand Cru Classé winery in Margaux.

A

Chateau Margaux

182
Q

Name a Premier Grand Cru Classé winery in Pessac-Léognan.

A

Pessac-Léognan:
Haut-Brion

183
Q

Name a famous winery in Sauternes.

A

Sauternes:
Premier Cru Supérieur
Château d’Yquem

184
Q

Name the classifications of left bank Bordeaux from top to bottom.

A

Left bank Bordeaux:

Premier Grand Cru Classé - winery classification

Grand Cru (Classé) - winery classification

Cru Bourgeois - winery classification

From a particular village - e.g. Pauillac

From a part of a region - e.g. Médoc

Bordeaux Superieur - grapes from the entire region + extra requirements

Bordeaux - grapes from the entire region

185
Q

What grapes can be found in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Entre-Deux-Mers:

Sauvignon Blanc

Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon

186
Q

What are some characteristics of white wines from Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Dry, fresh, fruity

187
Q

What are some characteristics of red wines from Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Fruity, smoother and simpler than Médoc
AOP Bordeaux

188
Q

Noem 7 wijngebieden aan de rechteroever in Bordeaux

Name 7 wine regions on the right bank of Bordeaux.

A

Saint-Emilion
Pomerol
Blaye
Bourg
Fronsac
Lalande-de-Pomerol
Côtes de Bordeaux

189
Q

What type of wines come from Saint-Emilion?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Saint-Emilion:
Red

Merlot, Cabernet Franc

Complex, refined, mostly a bit smoother than Médoc

190
Q

What type of wines come from Pomerol?

From which grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

Name a famous wine from this area.

A

Pomerol:
Red

Merlot, Cabernet Franc

Complex, usually more powerful than Saint-Emilion

Petrus, 100% Merlot

191
Q

What type of wines come from Blaye?

From which grapes?

A

Blaye:
Red and dry white

Bordeaux blend

Colombard
Ugni blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon
Muscadelle

192
Q

What type of wines come from Bourg?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Bourg:
Red

Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon

Medium bodied, fruity, smooth

193
Q

What type of wines come from Fronsac?

From what grapes?

A

Fronsac:
Red

Primarily Merlot
Also Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon

194
Q

What type of wines come from Lalande-de-Pomerol?

From what grapes?

What are some characteristics of these wines?

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol:
Red

Primarily Merlot, also Cabernet Franc

Mostly lighter and less complex than Pomerol

195
Q

What is Côtes de Bordeaux?

A

A regional AOP for red wines on the right bank of Bordeaux.

196
Q

For which wines is the AOP Premières Côtes de Bordeaux valid?

A

AOP Premières Côtes de Bordeaux:
White sweet wines from Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle.

197
Q

What type of wines are included in Côtes de Bordeaux?

A

Côtes de Bordeaux:
Red, Bordeaux blend

198
Q

What is a famous winery from Pomerol?

A

Chateau Petrus

199
Q

What is a famous winery from Saint-Emilion?

A

Premier Grand Cru Classé A:
Château Cheval Blanc

200
Q

What is micro-oxygenation / microbullage?

A

Small amounts of oxygen are inserted into the wine, causing the tannins to soften and making the wine less rigid.

201
Q

What grapes can be found in Anjou?

What are the wine styles of Anjou?

A

Anjou:
Chenin Blanc

Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon,
Gamay
Grolleau

From dry to sweet in all colours

202
Q

Name 6 village appellations of Haut-Médoc from north to south.

A

Village appellations Haut-Medoc, north to south:

Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Listrac
Moulis
Margaux

203
Q

Name 7 appellations on the right bank of Bordeaux.

A

Saint-Émilion
Pomerol
Lalande-de-Pomerol
Fronsac
Bourg
Côtes de Bordeaux
Blaye

204
Q

Name 2 famous wineries from the right bank of Bordeaux.

A

Château Cheval Blanc
Château Pétrus

SDEN3 English (11 decks)

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