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Spain - East+ south Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

In what DO is Urgell sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Garrigues
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Segria
  • Vall del Riucorb
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2
Q

When does Pla de Bages DO been upgraded?

A

2006

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3
Q

Who’s the first winemaker in Spain to introduce Stainless steel tank into to vinification room? When?

A

Miguel Torres, in Priorat, alongside René Barbier
in 1960.
Helps to give up the more new technologies to follow.

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4
Q

What is the ageing requirement for Noble in Alicante DO?

A

18 mth in wood

Añejo: 24 mth in wood
Produced from recommended grapes and non fortified
14% ABV

Blanco: Moscatel de Alejandría, Airén, Subirat Parent, (Malvasia), Chardonnay, Macabeo, Merseguera, Planta fina de Pedralba, Sauvignon blanc, Verdil
Tinto: Monastrell Garnacha Tintorera (Alicanté Bouschet), Garnacha Tinta (Gironet), Bobal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Tempranillo

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5
Q

What style of wines can be produce in Place de Bages DO?

A

1: Blanca / Blanc
2: Rosado / Rosat
3: Tinta / Negre
4: Vino de Aguja / Vi d’Agulla (semi-sparkling, 1-2.5 bars of pressure)
5: Vino Espumoso / Vi Escumós: min. 3.5 bars of pressure, made by the traditional method
6: Vino Rancio / Vi Ranci: Oxidized wine
7: Mistela (fortified)
8: Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolç Natural: Vino de Licor, min. must weight of 255 g/l (fortified)

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6
Q

Explain the following

Vi de Finca

Vi de Paratge*

Vi de Vinya Classificada*

Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada*

Velles Vinyes

A

1: Vi de Finca (Single vineyard, independent of Vi de Vinya): 100% Sourced from designated parcel. Only allowed for wines that also qualify for Catalan “Vi de Finca”.
2: Vi de Paratge: 100% Sourced from a single zone.
3: Vi de Vinya Classificada: Quality vineyard designation given to single parcel wines by the Consell.
4: Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada*: Top-Quality vineyard designation given to single parcel wines by the Consell.
5: Velles Vinyes: Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted prior to 1945 (75 year old vines).

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7
Q

What is “Tinas”? Where is it in use?

A

Large wooden vat use in Castilla la Mancha mainly (Ribera del Jucar)
5,000 to 20,000 Liters capacity

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8
Q

Can sparkling wine be made in the Penedes DO?

A

Yes
1: Vino Aguja / Vi d’Agulla: (semi-sparkling, 1-2.5 bars of pressure)

2: Classic Penedès: Sparkling wine made by traditional or ancestral method from organic grapes, min. 3.5 bars of pressure
* Classic Penedès: min. 15 months prior to disgorgement (all wines are technically “Reserva”)
* Reserva3, Reserva4, etc. to Reserva15 can be used on the label to indicate a longer lees aging period of 3 to 15 years.
* Ancestrale Method: min. 15 months. Wines aged on lees for 4 years or more can be release without disgorgement with “No Dejorhat” or “No Degollat”.

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9
Q

Where are the sub-zones:

Arganda, Navalcarnero, San Martin de Valdeiglesias

A

Vino de Madrid DO

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10
Q

Where is Montsant DO located?

A

Within the border of Tarragona

- Catalunya - Spain

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11
Q

Where is Ribera del Jucar DO located in?

A

Eastern Castilla la Mancha autonomia

DO est: 2003

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12
Q

Is Rosato wine allow in Priorat? White? Vino Dulce Natural?

A

Yes all are allowed. Grenache Blanc, Macabeu, and PX dominate.

Vi dulce natural/Vi Ranci require a min abv of 15% and a min must weight of 320g/l

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13
Q

Where is Almansa DO located? What style of wine can be produce here?

A

Castilla la Mancha
DO: 1966

-Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
Blanco “Fermentado en Barrica”
Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)

Sweetness Designations:
Seco: max. 4 g/l residual sugar
Semiseco: 4-12 g/l residual sugar
Semidulce: 12-45 g/l residual sugar
Dulce: min. 45 g/l residual sugar

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14
Q

Where is Méntrida DO located?

What GV are in use here?

A

Northern Castilla la Mancha - West of Madrid

  • blanco: Albillo, SB, Macabeo, Chardonnay, Verdejo
  • Tinto: Garnacha, Tempranillo, CS, PV, Syrah, Merlot
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15
Q

What is Vino Dulce de Uva Sobremadurada? Where can you find it mainly?

A

Sweet fortified wine made from overripe grapes:

Cataluya: Penedes mainly

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16
Q

What are the main grapes of La Mancha DO?

A

Airen / Chardonnay

Cencibel, CS, Garnacha

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17
Q

What are the white grapes varieties of Emporda DO?

A

white: Garnatxa Bianco, makaber, Moscatel de Alexandria + Chardo, GW, Muscat PG, SB, Xarel-lo, Picapoll

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18
Q

What is Vino Espumoso “classic” From Penedes DO?

What’s No Dejorhat” or “No Degollat?”

A

A sparkling wine made only in Traditional method

Wines aged on lees for 4 years or more can be release without disgorgement in the ancestrale method.

Aged for a min of 15 mth OTL

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19
Q

What are the authorised white GV in Penedes DO?

A

Macabeu, Xarel-lo, Parellada, Subirat Parent (Malvasia), Moscatel d’Alexandria, Malvasia de sitges, Chardonnay, SB, Riesling, GW, Chenin Blanc

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20
Q

How many villages are allow to produce Priorat DOCa?
Precise the denomination if it comes from single village?
Regulations?

A

12 villages in totals

  • Name of the village must be follow by “Vi De Vila” on the label.
    • Must include at least 60% of recommended varieties
    • or 50% if only one is present
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21
Q

who was the first winemaker to believe in Priorat region? When? How?

A

René Barbier in 1979.

He convince Alvaro Palacios to plant and grow french and native grapes in Llicorella soil of Gratallops.

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22
Q

Who are the 2 biggest sparkling wine productions houses in the world?

A

1st: Frexeinet
2nd: Cordoniu

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23
Q

What is the main Grape variety of Murcia Area? What other can be mention behind this principal grape?

A

Monastrell, Drought resistant grape occupes nearly 80% of the vineyard production
- Petit Verdot, or Garnacha are also present

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24
Q

What is the soil type of Priorat?

A

mix of Llicorella (black slates) and rocky schist

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25
Q

Is irrigation allow for Cava DO vines?

A

Yes, since 1996 in lower quality (Baja Penedes)

- on sandy / alluvial soil

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26
Q

Where is Terra Alta Located?

A

Cataluyan - Spain
along the Ebro River, inland
– off the coast

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27
Q

Why priorat find international’s fame in a shorter time?

A 
Christopher Cannan (bordeaux base importeur), offer a tasting of René Biarbier's Clos Mogador to Robert Parker in late 1990. 
The enthusiasm of Parker gone easily around the world
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28
Q

What are the yields regulations for Ucles do?

A

Red Grapes:
Vines > 40 years of age: 5,000 kg/ha (en vaso), 8,000 kg/ha (trellis)
Vines > 15 years of age: 6,500 kg/ha (en vaso), 9,500 kg/ha (trellis)
Vines > 6 years of age: 8,000 kg/ha (en vaso), 11,000 kg/ha (trellis)
Red Vines under 6 years of age may not produce Uclés DO wines

70 liters/100 kg

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29
Q

What are the 2 DO of located in Balearic Island?

What GV?

A
  • Pla I Llevant DO
  • Binissalem Mallorca
    • Manto Negro, Callet, Fogoneu, Tempranillo, Monastrell, CS and Syrah
    • Moll (Prensal Blanco), Macabeu, Moscatel, Parellada + international grapes
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30
Q

Where is Los Balagueses DO located?

When does it been upgraded to Vino de Pago?

A

Utiel-Requena DO - Valencia

2011
Syrah and Grenache grapes

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31
Q

What are the ageing requirement for Ribera del Jucar?

A

Vino Tradición Tinto: either min. 2 months in barricas (225L - 330L capacity) or min. 4 months in “Tinas” (Large wooden vats of 5,000L - 20,000L capacity)
Crianza (Tinto only): Wines must be aged for a min. 2 years, including at least 6 months in wood
Reserva (Tinto only): Wines must be aged for a min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in wood

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32
Q

In what DO is Segria sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Garrigues
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Urgell
  • Vall del Riucorb
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33
Q

What is Vimblanc? Where does it produced?

Min aging for Garnacha de tarragona?

A

Liquor wine made from overripes grapes

Tarragona DO - Catalunya
15-18% ABV

Garnatxa de Tarragona: min. 2 years
Garnatxa de Tarragona: min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in oak - crianza

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34
Q

Where are the sub-regions:

Tierra Barros, Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja, Montánchez, Matanegra, Cañamero

A

Ribera del Guadiana DO?

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35
Q

What is the biggest wine region (appellation) in Europe?

A

La Mancha: more than 160,000 Ha

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36
Q

What DO in castilla la Mancha has some yielding regulation depending the age of the vine?

A

Ucles DO

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37
Q

What is the only DOCa of Catalunya?

A

Priorat DO

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38
Q

What is the min ageing requirement for Rancio wine in Plain de Bages DO?

A

Straight: 1 year in oak
Crianza: 4 years included 3 y. in wood

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39
Q

What region introduced the Giropalette? What is it?

A

Cava was the first one to use it. Then Champagne took over the process

– Mechanical “remuage”

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40
Q

What is the sweetness range of La Mancha DO?

A
  • Secco: 4 g/L max
  • Semisecco: 4-12 g/L
  • Semidulce: 12-45 g/L
  • Dulce: min 45 g/L
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41
Q

Name the al DO of Catalonia?

A
  • Alella DO
  • Catalunya DO
  • Cava DO
  • Conca de Barbera DO
  • Coster del Segre DO
  • Emporda DO
  • Montsant DO
  • Penedes DO
  • Pla de Bages DO
  • Tarragona DO
  • Terra Alta DO
  • Priorat = DOCa
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42
Q

Where does the Priorat name comes from?

A

From the Priorato di Scala Dei

= “A carthusian monastery founded where a boy’s vision of angel ascending to Heaven”

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43
Q

What is the smallest sub-region of Costers del Segre? Is also the most famous?

A

Raimat

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44
Q

Are international GV allow to be use in Penedes DO?

A

Yes:

CS, CF, Syrah, Merlot, PN

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45
Q

What are the DOs of Castilla la Mancha Autonomia?

A
  • Almansa DO
  • La Mancha DO
  • Manchuela DO
  • Mondéjar DO
  • Méntrida DO
  • Ribera Del Júcar DO
  • Uclés DO
  • Valdepeñas
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46
Q

If you read “Reserva Superior” on a label of Conca de Barbera wine. What does it mean?

A

Can be only use for Vino espumoso

- Wine must spent at least 24 mth OTL prior disgorgement

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47
Q

What trellising system are authorised in Cava DO?

A

En Vas = Bush vine

En Espatllera = Trellis
– Cordon simple ou double or Vara i Polze (simple ou double)

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48
Q

Where is Emporda DO located? Explain it?

A

Blanco
Rosado
Tinto
Garnatxa de l’Empordà: Vi de Licor, designated “rubí” if made with Garnatxa Negre, or “ambre” if made with Garnatxa Blanca, may be labeled “vi dolç natural” with a min. must weight of 270 g/l

Moscatell de l’Empordà: Vi de Licor, may be labeled “vi dolç natural” with a min. must weight of 270 g/l

Vino de Aguja, Vi d’Agulla (semi-sparkling)

Vino Espumoso, Vi Escumós
Mistela (Blanca/Tinta)

Vi de raïms sobremadurat: Vi de Licor made from over-ripe grapes (Blanco only)

Garnacha del Empordà:

Crianza min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in oak
Reserva: min. 5 years, including at least 4 years in oak
Gran Reserva: min. 8 years, including at least 6 years in oak

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49
Q

What is the DO of Extremadura?

A

Ribera del Guadiana DO

subzones: Tierra Barros, Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja, Montánchez, Matanegra, Cañamero

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50
Q

In what DO is Raimat sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Garrigues
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Segria
  • Vall del Riucorb
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51
Q

How long time must a “Tinto Roble” Manchuela DO be aged for?

A

2 mth in wooden barrels: no bigger than 600L barrels

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52
Q

What is Vino de Aguja?

Where does it produce?

A

Semi sparkling wine

In Catalunya within the Emporda DO

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53
Q

Explain vino espumoso of Vino de Madrid DO?

A

Traditional Method: 9 mth OTL min

Can be produced only from Albillo, Torrontes, Viura, Garnacha Tinta, Tinto Fino, Parellada, Malvar

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54
Q

Can Montsant be produce varietally?

A

Yes,

with classic 85% law regulation

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55
Q

How is Planta Fina de Pedralba call in South Africa?

Where does it originate from?

A

From Valencia DO
Dry - aromatic white wines

In south Africa call Kanaān

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56
Q

What are the reg grapes of Alella DO?

A

Garnatxa negre as recommended

+ CS? Garnatxa Peluda, Merlot, Monastrell, PN, Samso, Sumoll, Syrah, Ull de Llebre

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57
Q

What is the min ageing for vino espumoso in Alella DO?

A

9 mouth OTL made in Traditional method only

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58
Q

What are recommend white grapes for Costers del Segre DO?

A

Chardonnay, Garnatxa B, Macabeu, Moscatel d’Alexandria, Parellada, Riesling, SB, Subirat Parent (Malvasia), GW, Pansa Blanca (Xarel-lo)

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59
Q

Name the 5 “original” clos of Priorat?

A
  • Clos Mogador
  • Clos Erasmus
  • Clos Dolfi
  • Clos de L’obac
  • Clos Martinet
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60
Q

What are the main GV of Conca di Barbera DO?

A

CF, CS and Garnatxa Negre + PN, Monastrell, Merlot, Sarah, Trepat, Ull de Llebre, Samso

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61
Q

How long must be age a wine label as Tinto roble in Penedes? Barrica?

A

These mentions doesn’t required any length in oak ageing.

However, the time in oak must be stated on the label

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62
Q

Can “Blanco” wines of Almansa DO be aged as Reserva / Gran Reserva ?

A

No, only for red wine
- Crianza wh: 18 mth incl 6 in wood

Tinto: Crianza: 24 mth in total with 6 in wood min
Reserva: 36 mth incl 12 in wood
Gran Reserva: 5 years i total with 18 mth in wood

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63
Q

What is Garnatxa de l’Emporda?

A

Garnatxa de l’Empordà: Vi de Licor, designated “rubí” if made with Garnatxa Negre, or “ambre” if made with Garnatxa Blanca, may be labeled “vi dolç natural” with a min. must weight of 270 g/l

Garnacha del Empordà: min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in oak

Garnacha del Empordà: min. 5 years, including at least 4 years in oak

Garnacha del Empordà: min. 8 years, including at least 6 years in oak

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64
Q

Where is Bullas DO located?

A

Murcia Autonomia

Spain

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65
Q

Min % and primary grape for the following

Alicante tinto
Fondillon (max rs)
Yecla espumosso
Jumilla monastrall timti
con mención especifica
Bullas tinto
Bullas espumosso

A

Alicante tinto 80% monastrall
Fondillon (max rs) 100% monastrall 40gl
Yecla vino espumosso tinto 85%
Jumilla monastrall tinto 85%
con mención especifica 100% bobal (utiel-requena)
Bullas tinto 60% monastrall
Bullas espumosso 65% monastrall

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66
Q

Name the particular soil type of Priorat

A

Llicorella: Black slates

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67
Q

Where is Malvasia de Sitges found in spain (mostly?) Where is it historically found? What is ‘Subirat Parent?’

A

Penedes / Cava - sometimes made into a fortified wine.

Malvasia in Peneds

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68
Q

What are the min yield allow for Cava DO?

A
  • 12 tons / Ha

100L of must/ 150Kg of grapes

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69
Q

What DO is share between Murcia and Castilla la Mancha?

A

Jumilla

Core of the DO is located into Murcia.

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70
Q

In what DO are these sub-regions and their respective styles of wine made?

  • Alto Turia
    • blanco seco
  • Clariano
    • Bl, Ro, Ti: dry
  • Valentino
    • Bl, Ro, Ti, Vino de Licor
  • Moscatel de Valencia
    • Vino Dulce, Vino de licor
A

sub regions of Valencia DO

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71
Q

What are the main Grapes of Utiel Requena?

A

Bobal + Tempranillo, Garnacha, CS, Merlot, Syrah

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72
Q

What is the min must weight for Vino Dulce Natural in Montsant DO?

A

272 g/l

  • Fortified wine
  • 15-18% ABV
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73
Q

Where is Pla des Bages DO located?

A

Northern Catalunya
Spain
More inland than Alella DO

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74
Q

How long time must be aged a vino Roble in La Mancha DO?

A

60 days min in wood (no bigger than 600L)

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75
Q

Where is El Terrerazo DO located?

When does it been upgraded to Vino de Pago?

A

Utiel-Requena DO - Valencia

2010
Bobal and Merseguera grapes

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76
Q

What are:

  • Urgell
  • Garrigues
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Segria
  • Vall del Riucorb
A

sub-zone of Costers del Segre

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77
Q

Can wines from Alicante be produce as sweet version?

A

Yes,

  • Any wine as Seco, Semiseco, Dulce
  • Also produce Fondillon, Moscatel de Alicante
  • Vino Rancio / Vino Noble
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78
Q

What is the maximum pressing yield allow in Jumilla?

A

70L of must / 100 Kg of grapes harvested

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79
Q

What type of vine training is used in Jumilla?

A
  • “Extensive”: dry farming: En Vaso only

- “Intensive”: with irrigation: en Vaso or Trellised

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80
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Cava?

A

Same regulation as Champagne AOP

  • Brut Nature: 0-3 g/L
  • Extra Brut: 0-6 g/L
  • Brut: 0-12 g/L
  • Extra Dry: 12-17 g/L
  • Dry: 17-32 g/L
  • Semi Dry: 32-50 g/L
  • sweet: 50+ g/L
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81
Q

Is international grapes allow in Priorat?

A

Yes, Cab Sauv, Syrah, Carignan are now planted.

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82
Q

What is Vi de Raïm sobremadurat?

where can we find it?

A
  • Emporda DO - Catalunya

- Vin de Licor made from over-ripe grapes = only for vino bianco base in Garnatxa

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83
Q

Name three producers of corpinnat / name 2 cava Paraje calificado

A

Llopart/Gramona/Recaredo

Juve y Camps La Capella / Cordonieu Els Trou Nou / Alta alella valcirera

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84
Q

Name the 2 “clos monopoles” of Priorat?

A
  • René Barbier’s clos Mogador

- Alvaros Palacios: Clos Erasmus

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85
Q

What are the white recommended varieties of Valencia DO?

A

Merseguera, Macabéo, Malvasia, Moscatel de Alejandria, PX, Planta Fina de Pedralba, Chardonnay

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86
Q

What is the soil type of Jumilla DO? Why is famous for?

A

Sandy soil

Keep away the phylloxera from the area until 1980 (100 years after other region of Spain)

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87
Q

Where is Vera de Estenas DO located?

When does it been upgraded to Vino de Pago?

A

Utiel-Requena DO - Valencia

2014
Bobal grapes

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88
Q

Where is Ucles DO located?

When does the DO been established?

A

Northern Castilla la Mancha (East of Madrid)

2005

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89
Q

A wine made of 100% dried Pansa is called what and is from where? Also, what is the color and style of the wine?

A

xaREL-LO
Vimblanc
15-18% ABV
white vi di licor
Monstant DO

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90
Q

What are the 3 DO of Murcia Autonomia?

A
  • Jumilla DO
  • Yecla DO
  • Bullas DO
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91
Q

What variety can be use only for rose wines in Cava DO?

A

Trépat

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92
Q

What are the authorised white GV of Priorat DOCa?

A

Garnaxta Bianca, %acabeu, PX, Chenin Chenin Blanc, Moscatell d’Alexandria, Moscatell de Gran petit, Xarel-lo, Pacapoll, Viognier

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93
Q

What are the recommended red GV of Priorat?

A

Garnatxa, Samso (Carignan)

+ autorised: Garnatxa Peluda, CS, CF, Ull del Llebre, Syrah, Merlot, PN, Picapoll Negre

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94
Q

What is the particularity of Cava DO when compared with other DO of Spain?

A

Only DO in Spain use for a type of wine rather than a region / delimitation

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95
Q

Organize these DO’s by the most to least amount of monastrall that must be present in red wines.

Alicante / bullas / Jumilla

A

Jumilla / Alicante / Bullas

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96
Q

What is the primary grape for Yecla Espumoso rose and red?

A

Monastrall 85%

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97
Q

Where are grapes sourced for high quality Cava?

A 
in high Penedes
= Higher altitude 
= lower temperature
= Limestone / Slates soil
= More acidity / Less sugar in grapes
= more elegant, less full wine
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98
Q

Name 5 important and / or iconic Cava producers

A
  • Freixenet (biggest)
  • Cordoniu: 2nd biggest
  • Recaredo: smaller scale, high qlt
  • Gramona
  • Juve Camp
  • Llopart
  • Pere Ventura
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99
Q

name the recommended red grapes for Costers del Segre?

A

CS, Samsó, Garnatxa Negre, Merlot, Monastrell, Syrah, Ull del Llebre, Trepat, PN

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100
Q

Give the synonym of the Pansa Blanca GV?

A

Xarel-lo

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101
Q

Where is Jumillia DO located?

A

Murcia / Castilla la Mancha Autonomias

Spain

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102
Q

When does Penedes been awarded as DO?

A

1960

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103
Q

How was the vine controlled in Catalunya in middle Ages?

A

The Monastery of Scala Dei, directed by Carthusian Monks, was over control of vineyard (especially around Priorat area)

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104
Q

What is the biggest production for Trepat grape grow for Cava ?

A

Conca de Barbera DO: Warmer region

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105
Q

Where is Malvar a local variety?

A

In Madrid Region

White grape produce medium bodied wine and retain a great level of acidity

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106
Q

In what DO is Pallars Jussà sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Garrigues
  • Urgell
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Segria
  • Vall del Riucorb
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107
Q

What is the minimum RS for Vino Naturalmente Dulce in La Mancha DO?

A

45 g/L

produce from dried grapes with min must weight of 300 g/L

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108
Q

What are the ageing regulations of Priorat DOCa?

A

Follow the Spanish national requirements

Vi de Guarda: 12 mth in oak min (tinto only)

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109
Q

In what DO is Val del Riucorb sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Garrigues
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Segria
  • Urgell
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110
Q

What are the 3 main varieties of Cava DO? What are the authorised?

A
  • Recomanded: Parellada, Macabeu, Xarel-lo
  • Authorised wh: Chardonnay, Malvasia
  • Authorised red: PN, Monastrell, Garnatxa Negre, All del Llebre, Trepat (only for rose)
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111
Q

What is the min ageing for Costers del Segre DO Vino Espumoso ? Vino Espumoso “Reserva Superior”?

A

Espumoso: 9 mth OTL

Reserva Superior: 24 mth OTL

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112
Q

What is the synonym of Tempranillo in Catalunya?
Carignan?
Grenache noir?

A
  • Ull del Llebre
  • Samso
  • Lledoner Negre
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113
Q

What are the ABV requirement in Cava DO? Still wine and finish wine?

A 
Base wine (still): 9.5 - 11,5% ABV
Cava finish (after 2nd fermentation): 10,8 - 12,8% ABV
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114
Q

Where is Yecla DO located?

A

Murcia

South east Spain

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115
Q

What is “Vino de Pueblo” wine? Where can you fin it? When does it been introduced?

A

In Priorat DOCa.
New village category created in 2009.
= Estate grown wines from 12 villages

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116
Q

What are the authorised GV of Penedes Tinto?

A

Ull de Llebre, Garnatxa Negre, Samso, Monastrell, CS, CF, PN, Syrah, Merlot

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117
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Utiel Requena DO?

What traditional red wine technique are they known for?

A

Bobal: local red full body grape

Doble Pasta = Wines macerated and fermented in twice the normal amount of grape skin and pulp

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118
Q

What GV are grow in Vino de Madrid DO?

A

branco: Malvar, Albillo, Airen, Viura, Torrontes, Parellada, Moscatel de Grano Menudo

Tinto: Tinto Fino, Garnacha Tinta, Merlot, CS, Syrah

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119
Q

How did Champagne take influence from Cava?

A
  • Usage of the Giropalette, and mechanisation of bottling and disgorgement lines
  • Champagne region adjust their sweetness levels to those in place in Cava
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120
Q

Explain Roble and Tonel in a Tarragona DO label?

A

This designation doesn’t have any requirement.

However, length of oak ageing (no bigger than 330L) must be precise on the label

121
Q

What is the purpose of the the Doble Pasta? Name 2 places and 2 grapes where is it a local speciality ?

A

In Utiel-Requena DO/Alicante/Yecla/Jumilla

Bobal/Monastrall

Produce from the Bobal grape often.
Used to concentrate weak blend, and ebbing away the rising production of grape concentrate in this region.

122
Q

What is the GV of Vimblanc in Montsant?

Explain it

A

100% Pansa Blanca (Xarel-lo)
must be produce from dried grape
- Fortified wine (vi de Licor)

123
Q

How long must a Tinto Roble of Almansa DO be aged?

A

3 months min in oak in a 500 liters capacity max

124
Q

What are the Varieties of Mondéjar DO?

A
  • Blanco: Malvar, Makaber, Torrontes, SB, Moscatel, Verdejo

- Tinto: Cencibel, CS, Merlot, Syrah

125
Q

Can wine be produced and labelled as varietal in Penedes DO?

A

Yes, if the stated GV present a min of 85% of the total blend

126
Q

What is the local name of Xarel-lo grape variety in Alella DO?

A

Pansa Blanca

127
Q

What does mean “Cava” in Spanish / Catalan language?

A

= Cellar

As the wine spent a long time into cellar to be age, winemaker choose this work as “Brand name recognition”

128
Q

How long have Priorat “clos” wines been produced cooperatively?

A

from 1989 to 1991.
then separated as different producers.
2 are still monopoles

129
Q

When does Manchuela DO been established?

Where is it located?

A

2000

Castilla la Mancha

130
Q

How do you call the long skin maceration wines of Vino de Madrid?

A

Sobremadre: traditional process, use for white and red wines up to 180 days

131
Q

What is the northern most appellation of Spain?

A

Bizkaiko Txakolina 43 degrees N

Emporda DO 42 degrees N
Across the border: Banyuls in France

132
Q

What is Sobremadre wines? Where is it a speciality?

A

Vino de Madrid DO
Traditional vinification
Long skin maceration of 180 days
(Tinto / Blanco)

133
Q

Where is Mondéjar DO located?

A 
Castilla la Mancha
DO established in 1997
Blanco (dry to sweet)
Blanco "fermentado en Barrica)
Rosato
Tinto
134
Q

What are the requirement for Vino Noble in Alicante? Vino Añejo?

A

Noble: 18 mth in wood
Añejo: 24 mth in wood

  • Must be produce from Garnacha Tinta and/or Tempranillo
  • 14% ABV
  • May be non fortified
135
Q

What is the main GV of Jumilla? Why?

Name some other varieties allow here too

A

Monastrell
= Dry and hot climate aver a sandy soil

Garnacha, Cencibel, CS, PV, Syrah, Merlot,

Airen Macabeo, Malvasia, PX, Chardonnay, SB, Moscatel de grano Menudo

136
Q

When does Priorat been award DOCa?

A

DOCa: 2009

2000 as DOQ by Catalan authorities

137
Q

What is the winemaker begin the DOCa of Priorat?

A

René Barbier ‘s project

138
Q

What are the recommended varieties by regions of Vino de Madrid DO?

  • Arganda:
  • Navalcarnero:
  • San Martin de Valdeiglesias:
A
  • Arganda: Malvar / Tinto Fino
  • Navalcarnero: Malvar / Garnacha Tinta
  • San Martin de Valdeiglesias: Albillo / Garnacha Tinto
139
Q

What are the GV of Valdepeñas DO? Where is it located?

A

South of “La Mancha DO”, in Castilla la Mancha autonomía

  • Airen, Macabeo, SB, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Verdejo
  • Cencibel, CS, Garnacha, Merlot, PV, Syrah
140
Q

What style of wine is produced in Manchuela DO?

A

Blanco / Blanco Barrica: Anillo, Chardonnay, Macabeo, Verdejo, Pardilllo, Viognier, Muscat PG

Tinto / Tinto Barrica: Bobal, Cencibel + CS, Syrah, Merlot, Moravia Dulce, Garnacha…

Rosato
Sparkling wine

141
Q

Where is sat La Mancha DO?

A

Meseta plateau

vast, dry, arid plateau cover the central spain

142
Q

How long time must a Gran Reserva Cava DO spent on the lees?

A

30 mouth min

143
Q

What are the regulation for Utiel Requena DO “Superior wines”? Min vine age for “Alta Expresión?”

A

Superior (blanco/rosado/tinto): at least 85% preferred varieties
Blanco/Rosado Superior: 11%
Tinto Superior: 11.5%

35 years old

144
Q

How long time must a wine of Valdepeñas labeled Roble spend in Barrel (min)?

A

Roble: Wines must be aged for a min. 45 days (Blanco) or 90 days (Tinto) in Bordeaux barrels

145
Q

What are the min ageing for Vin Rancio in Tarragona? Garnatxa de Tarragona

A

Vin Rancio:

  • Min 1 year in oak
  • Crianza: min 4 years incl. 3 in oak

Garnatxa de Tarragona:
- 2 years min
Crianza: 3 years incl. 1 in oak

146
Q

What are the ageing requirement for Utiel Requena DO in Reserva? Gran Reserva? Madurado?

A

Reserva:
Tintos: min. 36 months with 12 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Blancos/Rosados: min. 24 months with 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)

Gran Reserva:
Tintos: min. 60 months with 18 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
Blancos/Rosados: min. 48 months with 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)

Madurado (blancos/tinto): max. 6 months in oak (max. 600 liter capacity)

147
Q

Name some importante Cava de Paraje? With their producers

A

Can Sala

148
Q

In what DO is Garrigues sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Urgell
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Artesa del Segre
  • Segria
  • Vall del Riucorb
149
Q

What are the DO Pagos of Castilla La Mancha?

A
  • Dominio de Valdepusa: 2003
  • Finca Elez: 2003
  • Guijoso: 2005
  • Dehesa del Carrizal: 2006
  • Campo de la Guardia: 2009
  • Florentino: 2009
  • Casa del Blanco: 2010
  • Calzadilla: 2011
150
Q

What is the main variety grow in Yecla?

A

Monastrell

+ Macabeu, Airen, Merseguera, Charlo, SB

151
Q

Where is Priorat DOCa situated?

A

In Cataluña, within the Montsant DO area

152
Q

What are red recommended varieties of Valencia DO?

A

Garnacha, Tempranillo, Monastrell, Tintorera, CS, Merlot

153
Q

What DO change its name in 2002 from “Falset”?

What umbrella was it previously?

A

Montsant DO

was a sub-zone of Tarragona prior 2002

154
Q

What type of wine can be produced under Montsant DO?

A 
Blanco
Rosato
Tinto
Vino Rancio
Mistela
Garnaxta di Montsant (fortified)
- Vino dulce natural (fortified, with hight sweetness)
- Vimblanc: Vi de Licor - 100% Pansa from dried grapes
155
Q

Where is Alella DO located?

A

Northern Catalunya

156
Q

Where can Cava can it be produce?

A
  • Catalunya (85% of the all production)
  • Aragon
  • La Rioja
  • Navarra
  • Valencia
  • Somontano
  • Basque County
  • Extramadura (only 1 winery)
157
Q

What are the white grapes of Binissalem DO? Blending requirement?

A

Min 50% Moll or Moscatel either

+ Parellada, Chardonnay, Macabeo

158
Q

What are the authorised white varieties of Utiel Requena?

A

Planta Nova (Tartan), Macabéo, Merseguera, Chardonnay, Sauv Bl

159
Q

What are the 2 DO within the borders of Tarragona?

A
  • Montsant DO

- Priorat DOCa

160
Q

When is the first “Clos” vineyard been produced? How does it been produced?

A

1989: first commercial vintage

Been produced cooperatively as first effort between few winemakers

161
Q

Under what appellation was the “clos project” in Priorat released under?

A

Vino de la Mesa

162
Q

Explain Alella DO?

A

Northern Catalunya - Spain

  • Blanco: Pansa Blanca, Garnatxa
  • Tinto / Rosado
  • Vino Rancio: Garnatxa
  • Mistela (blanco only)
  • Vino Aguja
  • Vino espumoso (traditional method)
  • Vino de Licor
163
Q

What is the newest adding in Cava DO?

Explain it?

A

Cava de Paraje

top end quality cava, age for a min of 36 mth OTL. Often a lot more.

164
Q

What is the historical region of Cava DO?

A

Penedes DO in Catalunya

Especially San Saturnin d’Anoia

165
Q

What are the sub zones of Alicante DO?

A
  • l’Alacanti
  • L’Alcoià
  • Alto Vinalopó
  • Medio Vinalopó
  • Bajo Vinalopó
  • La Marina Alta
  • La Marina Baja
  • El Comtat
166
Q

Where is Conca de Barbera located?

A

Spain - Catlunya

High land of Penedes DO

167
Q

How long time must a Cava Reserva DO spent on the lees?

A

15 mouth min pre 2021 / 18mo post 2021

168
Q

What are the red grapes varieties of Emporda DO?

A

Garnatxa Negre, Samsó (Carignan) + CS, CF, Merlot, Monastrell, Ull del Llebre (Temp), Syrah, Garnatxa Peluda

169
Q

What are the ageing requirement for Cava DO?

A

Cava: min 9 mth OTL
Reserva: 15 mth OTL 18 mth post 2021
Gran Reserva: 30 mth OTL
- Cava de Paraje: 36 mth OTL

170
Q

What is the min ABV req for Priorat DOCa?

A
  • Blanc / Rosat: 13% ABV
  • Negre: 13,5% ABV
  • Vi Ranci / Mistella / Vi Dolç Natural: 15% ABV
171
Q

What s the min must weight for Moscatell de l’Emporda?

A

270 g/L

172
Q

What style of wine can be produce in Bullas DO?

A
  • Bianco: Macabéo base
  • Rosada / Tinto: 60% Monastrell min
  • Vino de Licor: 100% Monastrell
  • Vino Espumoso: Trad method / 9 mth OTL / 65% Monastrell
173
Q

Can white white use the “classic ageing rules” in Valdepeñas?

A

No, does not allow to use terms Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva

174
Q

Where is Coster del Segre DO located?

A

Spain - Catalunya

North of Montsant, West of Conca di Barbera

175
Q

How long time must a Cava DO spent on the lees?

A

9 mth minimum

176
Q

What wine is Valencia Focus?

A

Neutral dry white wine produce from the Merseguera grape

177
Q

What are the DO of Valencia autonomia?

A
  • Valencia DO
  • Utiel-Requena DO
  • Alicante
178
Q

What are the white grapes of Alella DO?

A
  • Pansa Blanca (Xarel-lo), Garnatxa blanca

+ Chardonnay, Chenin, Macabey, Moscatell, Malvasia, Parellada, Picapoll Blanc, SB

179
Q

How long time must a Paraje Cava DO spent on the lees?

A

36 mouth min

180
Q

What does Miguel Torres introduce to Spain in 1960’s?

A

The stainless steel fermentation
First in Catalunya in Priorat with Rene Barbier.
Then involve the all technologic way in all Spain.

181
Q

In what DO is Artesa del Segre sub zone located?

A

Costers del Segre
in Cataluña - Spain

Other subregions:

  • Garrigues
  • Pallars Jussà
  • Raimat
  • Urgell
  • Segria
  • Vall del Riucorb
182
Q

What are the first registration about Cava? Who the first one to produce it?

A

1872: Joseph Raventos: worker in Cordoniu family introduced traditional method spk wine
1880: Phylloxera crisis: switch vineyard plantation from Monastrell to white grapes (Parellada / Xarel-lo)
1959: First apparition of the term Cava on Spanish sparkling wine

183
Q

What are the 4 bodegas of Cava in Extremadura?

A
  • Bodega Via de la Plata
  • Bodegas Romale (Cava Viña Romale
  • Bodegas Lopes Morenas
  • Bodegas Marcelino Diaz (Cava Puerte Palma)
184
Q

What type of wine can be produce in Ribera del Júcar DO?

A

Blanco (Seco to Dulce) / Blanco “Fermentado en Barrica”

Rosado: Seco to Dulce
Tinto: Dry only

185
Q

What are the ageing for Vino Rancio in Alicante?

A

2 years min in wood or glass containers.

Must be stored in the sun

186
Q

What is the sweetness range of Almansa DO?

A
  • Secco: 4 g/L max
  • Semisecco: 4-12 g/L
  • Semidulce: 12-45 g/L
  • Dulce: min 45 g/L

Production of still white / red / Rose wines

187
Q

Where is Binissalem Mallorca DO located

A

Balearic islands.

  • Tinto Negre: 50% min Manto Negre
  • Banco: 50% Moll or Moscatel either
  • Vino espumoso: 50% Moll for white // Rose: from any grapes
188
Q

What is the min ageing for Fondillón wine? Where is it a speciality?

A

Alicante: oxidised sweet wine from overripe monastrell grapes
Un-fortifed wine

Must be age for a min of 10 years

189
Q

What are the red varieties use in Cava DO?

A

PN, Monastrell, Garnatxa Negre, Trepat

190
Q

What are the GV of Ribera del Júcar DO?

A

White: Moscatel de Grano Menudo / SB

Red: Cencibel, Bobal, CS, CF, Merlot, Syrah, PV

191
Q

What are the vino di Pago of Valencia Region? Where are they located?

A

El Terrerazo: 2010 -
– Utiel Requena DO
(Bobal, Merseguera)

Los Balagueses: 2011
– Utiel Requena DO
(Syrah, Grenache)

Vera de Estenas: 2013
– Utiel-Requena DO

Chozas Carrascal

192
Q

When has Emporda DO been established?

A

1975

193
Q

What style of wine can be produced in Conca de Barbera DO?

A 
Blanco
Tinto
Rosado
Vino de Licor (fortified)
Vino Rancio
Vino Dulce Natural (Fortified)
Mistela
Vino De Aguja (semi sparkling)
Vino Espumoso: Traditional method
194
Q

What are the recommended white grapes of Alicante DO?

A

Merseguera, Airen, Macabeo, Moscatel de Alejandria

195
Q

What are varieties of Ucles DO?

A

blanco: Verdejo, Chardonnay, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, SB, Macabeo
- Tinto: Cencibel, CS, Merlot, CS, Syrah

196
Q

Why is Alicante DO know for?

A

Fondillon = Solera style, oxidative no-fortified dessert wine produce from overripe Monastrell grapes

197
Q

When does Montsant DO been awarded as it own appellation?

What name was it before?

A

2002

- Was previously a subregion of Tarragona; called “Falset”

198
Q

What 2 producers saved and perpetuating the production of Malvasia de Sitges?

A

Vega de Ribes

Charity Hospital de Sant Joan Baptista

199
Q

What is the min ageing for vino Rancio in Alella?

A
  • 1 year min for a straight.

- 3 years for a Crianza

200
Q

Where is Pla i Llevant DO located?

What style of wine?

A

Balearic island

Blanco / Tinto / Rosato
Vin de Licor
Vino Aguja (semi sparkling)
Vino Espumoso

201
Q

Dominico de Valdepusa? Where and What?

A 
Vino de Pago DO
Castilla la Mancha - Spain
Since 2003
Cab Sauv base wines
Owned by Marques de Griñon (Rioja based winery)
202
Q

Finca Elez? What and where?

A 
Vino de Pago DO
Castilla la Mancha - Spain
Pago DO since 2003
Cab Sauv / Chardonnay base wines
owned by Manuel Manzaneque
203
Q

What is the vino de Pago owned by Marques de Griñon?

A

Dominico de Valdepusa
Castilla la Mancha
2003

204
Q

Pago Guijoso? What and Where?

A

Vino de Pago of Castilla la Mancha - Spain
Since 2005
CS / Chardonnay based wines
owned by Sancez Muliterno

205
Q

Dehesa del Carrizal? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago DO of Castilla la Mancha
Since 2006
CS / Chardonnay base wines

206
Q

Arinzano? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago of Navarra (Terra Estella) - Spain

Since 2007

207
Q

Prado de Irache? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago of Navarra DO: Valdizarbe

2008

208
Q

Otazu? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago of Navarra: Valdizarbe

2009

209
Q

Campo de la Guardia? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago of Castilla la Mancha
Since 2009
Syrah / CS / Merlot / PV blend
Owned by Fausto Gonzàles (Martúe winery)

210
Q

Pago Florentino? What and Where?

A

Vino de Pago of Castilla la Mancha DO
Since 2009
Cencibel base wines

211
Q

Casa del Blanco? What and where?

A 
Vino de Pago of Castilla la Mancha DO
Since 2010
CS, Syrah, Temp blend
Chardo / Muscat / Grenache bl
owned by Bas Garcia Family
212
Q

Pago Calzadilla? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago of Castilla la Mancha DO
2011
Temp, Garnacha, CS, Syrah blend

213
Q

Pago Aylés? What and where?

A

Vino de Pago of Aragón (Cariñena DO)

2011

214
Q

What are the DO of Andalousia?

A 
Candado do Huelva DO
Jerez-Xerez-Sherry DO
Granada DO
Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda
- Malága
- Sierras de Málaga
- Montilla Morilles
215
Q

Who’s adorn the logo of La Mancha DO Consejo Regulador?

A

Don Quixote: Erran knight who discover the region of La Mancha

216
Q

What producer of Méntrida DO adopted some illegal practices of drip irrigation?

A

Marques de Griñon - owner of the Pago Dominio de Valdepusa

217
Q

When did Valdepeñas receive its owned DO?

A

1932: over than 40 years prior its big neighbour La Mancha
know as “Valley of Rocks”
Cencibel and Airen are the main GV

218
Q

What is the particularity of the soil in Valdepeñas?

A

higher concentration of chalk bedrock: allow more water retention in this arid climate

219
Q

Who’s the leading winemaker of Extremadura? Specialised in Cava production?

A

Bodega Inviosa

220
Q

What is most wine used for in extremeadura?

A

Distilled for production of the Aguardente for the Sherry wines.

221
Q

Why is Andalousia having a strong culture of fortified wines?

A

In the end of XVth century: under the power of colonial era: America
= need wines able to travel across the globe
= adding alcohol to save the wine
1519: Ferdinand Magellan spent more money in sherry than weapons

222
Q

What was the nickname of Sherry in British marques during the XVI th century?

A

“Sack”

223
Q

What are the 3 town of Sherry? How is it call?

What is particular for those 3 cities?

A
  • Sanlucar de Barrameda
  • Jerez de la Frontera
  • El Puerto de Santa Maria

– “Golden Triangle”
= all wines must be shipped from on of this 3 cities

224
Q

Name the all communes of production of Sherry wines?

A
  • Jerez de la Frontera
  • Sanlucar de Barrameda
  • El Puerto de Santa Maria
  • Chipiona
  • Rota
  • Trebujena
  • Puerto Real
  • Chiclana de la Frontera
  • Lebrija
225
Q

What is the town of sherry production located in Seville province?

A

Lebrija

226
Q

What are GV of Sherry wines? Name them by order of importance?

A

Palomino (= Listán)
Pedro-Ximénez
Moscatel

227
Q

What is the other name of the Palomino?

A

Listán

228
Q

What is Listán?

A

Palomino synonym

229
Q

What are the 3 soils type of Sherry DO? What grapes are most suitable to each?

A
  • Albariza: white chalky soil= Palomino
  • Barros: clay soil: lower-lying vineyards
  • Arenas: sandy soil / Coastal vineyards: Moscatel grapes
230
Q

What is the specificities of the “Albariza” soil? Why is it so important in that particular region?

A

Sherry DO - Andalousia
White chalky soil
- respond like a water sponge: high water retention, very friable,

231
Q

What are the 2 mains rivers of Sherry DO area?

A
  • Guadalquivir river

- Guadalete river (smaller one, south of Jereez de la Frontera)

232
Q

Name 3 of the most important Pago vineyards of Jerez de la Frontera?

A
  • Macharnudo (largest pago in Jerez)
  • Añina
  • Carrascal
233
Q

What clone of Muscat is Moscatel from sherry region?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

234
Q

Where is most of the Moscatel wines come from in Sherry?

A

From the coastal vineyard sit on Arena soil: Near Chipiona

235
Q

What is “Soleo”?

A

drying process use in Sherry area for sweet version:

Grapes are left to dry out in sun over a esparto grass mats prior pressing. Occurs between 1 to 3 weeks

236
Q

What is the largest Pago vineyard of Sherry?

A

Macharnudo

237
Q

How is call the drying process in Sherry for PX and Moscatel grapes? How long time does it take place for?

A

“Soleo”: grapes are left over esparto grass mats in the sun for 1 to 3 weeks time

238
Q

What is the first utility of the Moscatel and PX grapes in Sherry production?

A

uses as sweetener into a dry version.

Pale cream, Medium and cream sherry like

239
Q

What is the trellising system of sherry called?

A

Vara y Pulgar (Stick and Thumb)

every years one stick is in production and on other in rest)

240
Q

What are the max yield requirement in Jerez?

A

Jerez Superior: 80 Hl/Ha

anywhere else in the region: 100 Hl/Ha

241
Q

How was the traditional method of crushing/pressing in Sherry wines?

A

The “Pisadores” (laborers) were wearing a “zapatos de Pisar” (Cowhide boots with angled nails on the sole)
They were walking on the grape to extract the juice.

242
Q

What is Pisadores?

A

Laborers call in Sherry production

243
Q

Explain what is “Zapatos de Pisar?

A

classical boots wear by Pisadores in Andalusia for crossing grapes for the sherry production. Pisadores was historical

244
Q

what are the pressing yield for a Sherry / Palomino grape?

What is the main issue of the Palomino grape prior pressing?

A

72,5 Liter of must for 100 Kg of grapes

Sensible to oxidation, must be pressed quickly

245
Q

What is “Most de Yema”?

A

Name of the must (pressing juice) in Sherry wine production

246
Q

What are the 3 level of press cuts for must in Sherry wine production?

A

Must = Mosto de yema

  • Primera yema= free run juice (60/70%) higher quality juices
  • Segunda yema: Press wine
  • Mosto Prensa (poorest quality press wine: use for distillate
247
Q

Is it often in Sherry wine acidified? What is desfangado?

A

Yes, palomino is a low acidic grape

In older times, producers adhered “yeso” (plastic) and combined with cream of Tartar: produced tantric acid

more recently, add directly tantric acid into the must prior fermentation

decanting off the tartaric solids prior to fermentation

248
Q

Explain the traditional method of acidification in Sherry wine production?

A

In older times, producers adhered “yeso” (plastic) and combined with cream of Tartar: produced tantric acid

249
Q

Term for must clarification in sherry wines?

A

Desfangato: racking system

250
Q

What 2 particular stages of fermentation in Sherry?

A
  • Tumutuous fermentation: hot and vigorous initial phase: up to 1 week
  • Lenta: or slow fermentation: last remaining sugar are fermented over weeks in high t°
251
Q

What are 2 classifications in Sherry after fermentation? Explain them?

A

Palo: marked by a /
– more refines must, will be fermented up to 15-15,5% ABV for fino and manzanilla wines

Godura: marked by a circle
– heavier wine style,, then fortified up to 17-18% and for
Oloroso

252
Q

What is “Mitad y Mitad?”

A

mixture of grape spirit and mature sherry used for the fortification of newly fermented wine.

Avoid shocking the young wine

253
Q

What is the name of the mixture used in sherry for fortification of new wine?

A

Mitad and mitad

mixture of grape spirit and old sherry. softer fortification

254
Q

Explain biological ageing in Sherry?

A

ageing use for Fino and Manzanilla

  • wines are aged under a layer of yeast (“flor del vino”)
  • 2 years of ageing min
  • the flor protect against oxydation
255
Q

Name the particular wind occurring into the sherry wine production (especially for ageing)

A

Poniente: humid air, temperate climate helps yeast flor to be stronger and alive

256
Q

What are pre-requis of a good development for the Fino sherry’s flor?

A
  • Wine must be dry
  • particular ABV strength: 15-15,5%
  • flor must be in contact with oxygen
257
Q

When does the yeast layer of fino / Manzanilla is the stronger?

A

during spring and automn: thicker white color

in winter and summer, can grow in grey color, and finer

258
Q

Explain Sobretablas?

A

Intermediate stage of Fino / Manzanilla sherry

  • resting time after fortification. Wine stay in 600L american butts here for 6 mth to 1 year.
  • Then reclassified
259
Q

How is name the resting time happens for fino / Manzanilla prior the biological ageing?

A 
Sabretablas: 6 mth to 1 year of ageing: 
End of this period, wine will be monitored in 5 difference style: 
- Palma: finest wines
- Palma Cortado
- Palo Cortado
 - Rayas
- Dos Rayas: vinegar
260
Q

Explain classification “Palma” in Sherry?

Name other levels of classification?

A

fine and delicate sherry happens after the sobretablas. Will follow its biological ageing to become Fino or Manzanilla

  • Palma Cortada
  • Palo Cortado
  • Raya
  • Dos Rayas
261
Q

Explain classification “Palma Cortada” in Sherry?

Name other levels of classification?

A

slightly more robust than a fino sherry. Will forward its ageing as oxidative to become Amontillado sherry

  • Fino
  • Palma Cortada
  • Palo Cortado
  • Raya
  • Dos Rayas
262
Q

Explain classification “Palo Cortado” in Sherry?

Name other levels of classification?

A

A rare style of wine. Show exceptionally good, great character, and fuller bodied fino. To stop the flor, wine will be aged at up to 17/18% to start an oxidative ageing

  • Fino
  • Palma Cortada
  • Palo Cortado
  • Raya
  • Dos Rayas
263
Q

Explain classification “Raya” in Sherry?

Name other levels of classification?

A

Sherry with a lesser quality flor at the end of the Sobretablas. Will be discarded into Oloroso Solera.

  • Fino
  • Palma Cortada
  • Palo Cortado
  • Raya
  • Dos Rayas
264
Q

Explain classification “Dos Rayas” in Sherry?

Name other levels of classification?

A

Lowest quality sherry. Does not reach the level to forward as dry sherry, will be sweeter to hide its flavours, or either as vinegar.

  • Fino
  • Palma Cortada
  • Palo Cortado
  • Raya
  • Dos Rayas
265
Q

What are the min alcohol levels for a sherry?

A

Fino / Manzanilla: 15 - 15,5% ABV

Amontillado / Palo Cortado / Oloroso: 17-18% ABV

266
Q

What is the ageing for a sherry? When does it change? What was it before that?

A

Prior 2010: 3 years of ageing min before bottling

After 2010: 2 years min before bottling

267
Q

Explain the Solera System? Where is it largely used?

A

Sherry wines

  • The New wines (new Añada) enter by the top level (1st Criadera)
  • Every years some wine (1/3) is draw off the last level for bottling. (= solera)
  • This level is finally refilled with some wine from the level up. and so forth (Criadera)
268
Q

How is call the action of moving wine from one criadera to the criadera down?

A

Trasiegos

269
Q

What is “Trasiegos”?

A

Is the action of moving sherry from one level (criadera) to an other one down.

270
Q

How much new sherry wine is needed for every litres of final sherry draw off the Solera?

A

1L of final sherry = 3 liters of new sherry to top up on the first level.

271
Q

How long time is wine kept in a solerat?

A

A minimum of 2 years,
The average is more around 3/4 years. Then, some wineries keep then for more than 14 years or either longer: Gonzales’s Byass as one from 1847.

272
Q

What is the particular molecule present is Fino sherry than give this salty tang?

A

Acetaldehydes

273
Q

What are the differences between a Fino and a Manzanilla sherry?

A

Manzanilla:

  • Can be only produce in the town of Sanlucar de Barrameda.
  • Vineyards and cellars are located closer to the sea (= windier and more salty notes)
  • Harvest occurs almost a week earlier
  • wines are lighter, and lower fortified.
  • Solera process going faster
274
Q

What is the Manzanilla Pasada?

A

A Fino-Amontillado like style from the region of Sanlucar de Barrameda.

275
Q

What are the residual sugar for vino Generoso de Licor in Sherry? How are they sweetened?

A

Dry: 5-45 g/l residual sugar
Medium: “Dry” 5-45 g/l, “Sweet” 45-115 g/l residual sugar. Usually produced from Amontillado
Pale Cream: 45-115 g/l residual sugar, usually produced from Fino
Cream: 115-140 g/l residual sugar, usually produced from Oloroso

Blended with vino Dulce Natural or Concentrated must

276
Q

What is the RS regulations content for Dry Sherry?

A

5-45 g/L RS

Sweetened by blending vino Dulce Natural or Concentrated must

277
Q

What is the RS regulations content for Pale Cream Sherry?

A

45-115 g/L
Made from a Fino sherry
Sweetened by blending vino Dulce Natural or Concentrated must

278
Q

What is the RS regulations content for Medium Sherry?

A

Medium: “Dry” 5-45 g/l, “Sweet” 45-115 g/l residual sugar. Usually produced from Amontillado

279
Q

What is the RS regulations content for Cream Sherry?

A

115 - 140 g/L

Made from a Oloroso sherry
Sweetened by blending vino Dulce Natural or Concentrated must

280
Q

What parallel are the canary islands on?

A

28th

281
Q

Name three clones of Malvasia? What one is the most planted across the Canary Islands? What one is native to the Lanzarote?

A

Malvasia de sitges
Malvasia Candia
Malvasia di Lipari (most across the Canary Islands)
Malvasia Branca de São Jorge
Malvasía Volcánica (Lanzarote)

282
Q

Name three red grapes authorized/recommended for use in on gran Canaria/white?

A

Listan Negro, Negramoll, Listan Prieto, Bastardo, Sumoll

Listan Blanco, PX, Torrontes, Malvasia, Moscatel

283
Q

Vino Dulce Clásico of Lanzarote is made of ?

A

Sunned Moscatel or malvasia

284
Q

Three trellising systems employed on the Canary Islands

A

en vasso / parral / cordon trenzado / Guyot

285
Q

What are suertes?

A

Small plots owned by farmers on tenerife producer often source from.

286
Q

Valle de la Orotava, and Ycoden-Daute-Isora in the north, and Abona and Valle de Güímar in the south are DO’s where?

A

Tenerife - Canary Islands

287
Q

Where are europe’s highest vineyards?

A

Abona DO - Tenerife - Canary Islands

288
Q

What is a Hoyo? Where is it used?

A

pits dug deep enough to penetrate a layer of subsoil that can carry sufficient moisture for the plants. The hoyos are quite wide, measuring as large as 10 meters in diameter to 5 meters in depth, and each hoyo houses just one or two vines.

Lanzarote

289
Q

What is a Zanjas? Where is it used? What is a Zocos?

A

Younger vineyards on Lanzarote might opt instead for the linear zanjas, a series of trenches similarly protected by rows of stone mounds.

The stone walls that line a hoyo or zanjas to further protect from wind.

290
Q

What is vino de tea? Where is it made?

A

a rancio style in any hue aged in 500-liter pine casks. Wines come from the northern sub zone (Norte de la Palma) of the island. Must spend a minimum 6 months in Canary Pine (Pinus Canariensis) vessels.

291
Q

Name two Balearic Islands? Where is DO production exclusively?

A

Mallorca / Ibiza / Formentera / Menorca

Mallorca (Mediterranean climate)

292
Q

The ___________________ range shields Binissalem’s vines from cold northerly winds.

A

The Serra de Tramuntana range shields Binissalem’s vines from cold northerly winds.

293
Q

name two red and white grapes produced on Mallorca.

A

Manto negro / Callet

Moll (Prensal Blanc) / Muscat of Alex

294
Q

Contraviesa-Alpujarra is a subregion where? Main grape?

A

Granada DO 2021
Vijiriego

295
Q

where did phyloxera enter spain?

A
296
Q

What is Els noms de la terra?

A

priorat doq classification

297
Q

Make three producers of the barrio de la estación

A

Muga / La Rioja alta / Lopez / CUNE

298
Q

Name three grapes from the costa del sol

A

Palomino / Muscat of Alex / Pedro x

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