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France - Champagne & Sparkling Wine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of the Montagne de Reims?

A 
Sillery	
Puisieulx
Beaumont-Sur-Vesle	
Verzenay	
Mailly-Champagne	
Verzy (added after 1985)
Louvois	
Bouzy	
Ambonnay
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2
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of the Vallée de la Marne?

A

Aÿ

Tours-sur-Marne

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3
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of the Côte des Blancs?

A 
Choilly
Oiry
Cramant
Avize
Oger
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
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4
Q

What are the four ‘other’ Champagne grape varieties?

A

Petit Meslier
Arbane
Pinot Blanc Vrai
Pinot Gris

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5
Q

What are the four authorised pruning methods of Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat
Guyot (single and double)
Chablis
Vallee de la Marne (Meunier only, not allowed for Grand Cru)

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6
Q

What are the two types of chalk found in Champagne?

How does this differ from the Côte de Bar?

A

Belemnite - younger soil, on slopes, retains acidity
Micraster - older soil, valley floor

> Belemnite is all right, micraster is a disaster!

Kimmeridgean soil - clay and limestone

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7
Q

Why does chalk soil cause chlorosis?

A

Prevents uptake of iron, copper and magnesium

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8
Q

What is the minimum amount of time between tirage and degorgement?

A

12 months (ie. aged on the lees minimum 12 months - the rest of the time can be aging in bottle on cork)

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9
Q

What is the maximum amount of a harvest that may be sold as vintage Champagne?

A

80%

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10
Q

What is the élevage requirement for NV Champagne?

A

15 months

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11
Q

What is the élevage requirement for vintage dated Champagne?

A

36 months

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12
Q

What is the minimum amount of pressure for a quality traditional method sparkling wine produced in the EU?

A

3.5 bars

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13
Q

What is the traditional basket press of Champagne called?

A

Coquard

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14
Q

What is blocage?

A

A portion of each Champagne harvest that is put aside (reserve wines)

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15
Q

What are the matriculation numbers found on Champagne and what do they mean?

Hint: There are seven.

A

NM (Négociant Manipulant): A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses. Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all.

RM (Récoltant Manipulant): A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards.

CM (Coopérative Manipulant): A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand.

RC (Récoltant Coopérateur): A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label.

SR (Société de Récoltants): A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.

ND (Négociant Distributeur): A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make.

MA (Marque d’Acheteur): A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label.

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16
Q

What are the Crémants of France?

A 
Crémant d'Alsace AOP
Crémant de Bourgogne AOP
Crémant de Loire AOP
Crémant du Jura AOP
Crémant de Die AOP
Crémant de Limoux AOP
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

Crémant de Savoie is also allowed, and is a designation within Vin de Savoie AOP

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17
Q

From which region is Crémant de Die sourced?

A

Rhône Valley

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18
Q

From which region is Crémant de Limoux sourced?

A

Languedoc

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19
Q

How long is Seyssel Mousseux aged in the bottle? Which region is it from?

A

Minimum 9 months

Savoie

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20
Q

What does the matriculation number CM mean?

A

CM (Coopérative Manipulant): A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand.

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21
Q

What does the matriculation number RC mean?

A

RC (Récoltant Coopérateur): A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label.

22
Q

What does the matriculation number SR mean?

A

SR (Société de Récoltants): A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.

23
Q

What does the matriculation number ND mean?

A

ND (Négociant Distributeur): A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make.

24
Q

What does the matriculation number MA mean?

A

MA (Marque d’Acheteur): A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label.

25
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Brut Nature?

A

0 - < 3g/L

26
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Extra Brut?

A

0 - < 6g/L

27
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Extra Sec or Extra Dry?

A

12 - 17g/L

28
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Sec or Dry?

A

17 - 32g/L

29
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Demi Sec?

A

33 - < 50g/L

30
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Doux?

31
Q

What are the RS levels for Champagne Brut?

A

0 - < 12g/L

32
Q

What is rendement de base?

A

An indicative average yield not to exceed

(Each year a rendement butoir is set based on the conditions of that harvest. This will always be higher than the rendement de base, and lower than the rendement de plafond. For most AOP’s it is also stagnant, but can easily be changed by arrêté ministériel (decree). For Champagne, this change happens each harvest as they also set reserve contributions each harvest. )

Lets assume you are a producer in an appellation that has a rendement de base of 45 hl/ha, and a rendement plafond of 60 hl/ha, and your rendement plafond was set at 55hl/ha. Lets say you own 10 ha of vineyards and you harvest 570 hl, then you could produce 550 hl of wine under that AOP, and the other 20 hl needs to be sent do the distillery. If you produce 610hl, then sending 70 hl to the distillery won’t solve your problems. Your entire production must be bottled as a vin de table as you would lose your rights to the AOP that year.

33
Q

What is rendement plafond?

A

An absolute ceiling for a producer’s yield. If they go over this, they automatically lose the right to label any wine they produce that vintage with an AOP.

(Each year a rendement butoir is set based on the conditions of that harvest. This will always be higher than the rendement de base, and lower than the rendement de plafond. For most AOP’s it is also stagnant, but can easily be changed by arrêté ministériel (decree). For Champagne, this change happens each harvest as they also set reserve contributions each harvest. )

Lets assume you are a producer in an appellation that has a rendement de base of 45 hl/ha, and a rendement plafond of 60 hl/ha, and your rendement plafond was set at 55hl/ha. Lets say you own 10 ha of vineyards and you harvest 570 hl, then you could produce 550 hl of wine under that AOP, and the other 20 hl needs to be sent do the distillery. If you produce 610hl, then sending 70 hl to the distillery won’t solve your problems. Your entire production must be bottled as a vin de table as you would lose your rights to the AOP that year.

34
Q

What are the volumes of Champagne piccolo, demi and bottle?

A

187mL
375mL
750mL

35
Q

What are the volumes of Champagne magnum, jeroboam, methusalah?

Quarter Bottle (Piccolo)	187 ml
Half Bottle (Demi)	375 ml
Bottle	750 ml
Magnum	1.5 L (2 bottles)
Jeroboam	3 L (4 bottles)
Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989)	4.5 L (6 bottles)
Methuselah	6 L (8 bottles)
Salmanazar	9 L (12 bottles)
Balthazar	12 L (16 bottles)
Nebuchadnezzar	15 L (20 bottles)
Solomon	18 L (24 bottles)
A

1.5L (2 bottles)
3L (4 bottles)
6L (8 bottles

36
Q

Which Champagne bottle size was discontinued in 1989?

A

Rheoboam - 4.5L (6 bottles)

37
Q

What are the volumes of Champagne salmanazar, balthazar, nebuchadnezzar and solomon?

A

9L (12 bottles)
12L (16 bottles
15L (20 bottles)
18L (24 bottles)

38
Q

By what name is the 18L Champagne Salomon called in Bordeaux?

39
Q

What is the name of an 18L Champagne bottle?

40
Q

What is the name of a 15L Champagne bottle?

A

Nebuchadnezzar

41
Q

What is the name of a 12L Champagne bottle?

42
Q

What is the name of a 9L Champagne bottle?

A

Salmanazar

43
Q

What is the name of a 6L Champagne bottle?

A

Methusalah

44
Q

What is the name of a 3L Champagne bottle?

45
Q

Are Pierre Péters and Larmandier-Bernier in the Special Club?

A

No - but they used to be.

Pierre Péters left in 1981, Larmandier-Bernier in 1996

46
Q

Name five Special Club producers

A 
Pierre Gimonnet et Fils
Gaston Chiquet
José Michel et Fils
Vazart-Cocquart
Larmandier Père et Fils
Duménil
Paul Bara
Salmon
47
Q

What is Special Club?

A

Made by members of the Club Trésors de Champagne
Must be a vintage prestige cuvée
Must be a RM producer
Club Trésors will declare a vintage, producers can decide if they will make a wine that year, will be tasted and approved
Identical bottle and label

48
Q

Name two premiers cru from Côte des Blancs.

A

Cuis

Vertus

49
Q

Name two premiers cru from Vallee de la Marne.

A

Dizy

Mareuil-sur-Aÿ

50
Q

Name all nine premiers cru from Côte des Blancs.

Producers?

A

Cuis - Gimmonet

Pierry - JM Sélèque

Vertus - Larmandier-Bernier, Duval-Leroy, Doyard, Jacquart,Veuve Fourny

Bergères-les-Vertus

Étréchy

Grauves

Val-de-Marais (Coligny)

Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny

Voipreux

51
Q

Name all seven premiers cru from Vallee de la Marne.

Producers?

A

Dizy (Gaston Chiquet, Jacquesson)

Mareuil-sur-Aÿ (Billecart-Salmon, Philiponnat)

Cumières (Georges Laval)

Hautvilliers

Champillon

Mutigny

52
Q

When the Échelles des Crus was still in use, there were two villages rated 99%. What were they?

A

Mareuil-sur-Aÿ - Clos des Goisses located here

Tauxières-Mutry

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