Spacial disorientation Flashcards

1
Q

*

What’s spatial disorientation ?

A

Pilot’s erroneous perception of position, attitude or motion in relation to gravitational vertical and the earth’s surface

how to define the difference from orientation illusion (gravitational + earth surface)

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2
Q

*

What’s orientation illusion ?

A

False perception of position or motion caused by the misidentification of orientation information

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3
Q

What’s DVE

A

“Degraded visual enviroment”

brownout

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4
Q

Which flight conditions are most known for causing spatial disorientation ?

A

Hovering or flying at night with a lack of visual cues

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5
Q

What’s the 3 types of spatial disorientation ?

A

1 Unrecognized
2 Recognized
3 Incapacitating

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6
Q

What two “modes” does the visual system consist of and what are the used for ?

A

Focal vision ( object recongnition and identification, allows us to see colors )

Ambient (peripheral) vision ( Detect attitude, motion & cues - enviroment)

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7
Q

What’s the 3 systems intergrated to maintain equilibrium and balance ?

A

Visual, vestibular & somatosensory systems

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8
Q

Which sensory system get’s you into most trouble in aviation

A

Vestibular system

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9
Q

What’s the function of the vestibular system ?

A

Visual tracking
Moving head but eyes staying focused
Reflex information
Body reaction unconscious
orientation without vision
Walking to bathroom at night in the dark

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10
Q

What’s the functions of the semicircular canals ?

vestibular system

A

Detects change in both speed and direction

Detects yaw, pitch and roll

Contains fluid

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11
Q

What are the functions of the otolith organs

A

Change in speed without change in direction (tænk børster der tilter)

(stimulated by gravity and linear movements)

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12
Q

Which type of inertia force is the otolith organs sensitive to ?

A

Linear (change in speed)

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13
Q

What’s the somatosensory system

A

The system that reactes to sensations resulting from force or pressure (skin, muscels ect.)

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14
Q

Why can’t you rely only on the somatosensory system ?

A

Because the feeling of a 90 degree bank in the dark can’t detect if it’s to the right or left

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15
Q

What’s vection and what kind of illusion is it ?

A

Induced motion

Falsely perceived motion

(sensory illusion)

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16
Q

What do you use the abbreviation ICCHAFFSS for ?

A

Sensory illusions within the aviation enviroment

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17
Q

What does ICCHAFFSS stand for ?

A

Induced motion
Confusion with ground lights
Crater illusion
Height persption illusion
Autokinesis
False horizon
Fasination/fixation
Structural illusion
Size distance illusion

18
Q

What’s the “confusion with ground light” problem ?

A

Mistake groundlight for starts or starts for groundlight

19
Q

What’s the problem with “Crater illusion”

A

Sensation that you are landing into a crater (caused by search light)

20
Q

What the problem with “Height persption illusion”

A

DVE - pilot loses sight of ground
Pilot misjudge altitude

21
Q

What the problem with “autokinesis” ?

A

Primary occurs at night and pilot can see things (stars) move if visually ficating on it for some seconds

( at night you can loose sight of aircrafts, lights, in the sky )

22
Q

What’s the problem with “Size-distance-illusion” ?

A

If you are used to land at a wide runway and have to land at a narrow - you think that you are too high

23
Q

What sensation can an upsloping runway give ?

A

What you are too high

you see more of the runway which gives you the sendation of being high

24
Q

What illusion/understanding can fog/haze give to an object?

A

That it’s further away

25
What visual illusion can be caused by tall wavy grass ?
induced motion
26
What's the 2 vestibular illusions and where in the ear does each happen?
**Somatogyral** (semicircular canals) & **somatogravic** (Otolith organs)
27
Which is the most common form of spacial disorientation ?
**The Leans** Occurs when a pilot fails to perceive angular motion *You can find yourself in a bank withour knowing about it*
28
What's this most deadly illusion, and why?
Coriolis illusion (type 3 SD) May occur during prolonged turns
29
How can you prevent coriolis illusion ?
Not moving head rapidly in a turn
30
Name the somatogravic illusions
G - Excess Occurs when sustained G of > 1G Change in magnitude Pilot overbanks Elevator Up or downshit of aircraft Pilot erroneously corrects
31
What are somatogravic illusions caused by ?
Caused when changes in gravity or linear acceleration and deceleration stimulate the otolith organ
32
How to prevent SD ?
Training Fly either VMC & IMC Trust instruments Avoid DEATH factors Aircrew coordination
33
Name the 3 dynamics of SD ?
Visual dominance Vestibular suppresion Vestibular opportunism
34
Which of the vistibular systems can cause Coriolis and the leans
The semicircular canals
35
Which vestibular illusion come from a stimulence in the semicircular canals ?
Somatogyral
36
Which vestibular illusion come from a stimulence of the otolith organs ?
Somatogravic
37
Which somatogravis illusions are there are what are they caused by ?
G-exess (can cause overbank - false pitch sensation) Elevator (may pitch nose down because +Gz gives a climb sensation) Caused by otolith organs
38
What type of SD would the coriolis illusion most likely cause ?
Type 3
39
Name the somatogyral illusions
The leans Graveyard spin Coriolis
40
Whats the most dangerous SD type?
Type 1 (unrecognized)
41
What is DVE
Degraded visual environment is a State of reduced visibility
42
What SD risk factors can be readily and continually assessed?
Task saturation Meteorological conditions conducive to DVE Decreasing flight visibility Lack of visual cues