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UH72 / Aeromed > Altitude physiology > Flashcards

Altitude physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the first 4 layers of the atmosphere ?

from ground

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

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2
Q

What are the 3 physiological zones of the atmosphere ?

A

Efficient zone
Up to 10.000’ but no human symptoms
Deficient zone
Above 10.000’ require oxygen, small effects on humans
Space equivalent zone
50.000’ and above, serious effects on the body (blood can boil)

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3
Q

At what altitude is atmospheric pressure halfed ? and what happens to volume ?

A

18.000’

Double the volume

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4
Q

What’s the function of the circulatory system ?

A

**
Blood transportation
**

Transport to cell
Transport waste to removal sites
Assist body temperature regulation

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5
Q

Which components of the circulatory system carries oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ?

A

Arteries = Oxygen
Veins = Deoxygen

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6
Q
A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

Where in the lung does gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

What causes hypoxia at altitude

A

lack of pressure gradient to drive oxygen to the blood

(blood oxygen saturation decreases)

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9
Q

What’s the difinition of hypoxia ?

A

State of oxygen deficiency in the blood cell and tissue - sufficient to cause impairment of funtion

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of hypoxia ?

A

Hypoxic
Hypemic
Stagnant
Histotoxic

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11
Q

What’s hypoxic hypoxia ?

A

Reduction of Po2 in the lungs ( at high ALT )

With increased ALT The partial pressure of the oxygen in ambient air gets lower and the lungs can’t transfer the oxygen effectively to the blood

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12
Q

What’s Hypemic hypoxia ?

A

Inability of the blood to accept oxygen in adequate amounts / the bloods reduced ability to carry oxygen

( even if there is enough oxygen and Po2 - the body Can’t transport it. Causes: O2 interference, hemorrage, anemia etc.)

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13
Q

What can Carbon monoxide in the cockpit cause ?

A

Posining and hypemic hypoxia

Cause adequate amounts of oxygen cannot be accepted (blocked)

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14
Q

What’s stagnant hypoxia ?

A

Oxygen carrying is adequate but circulation isn’t (G-fores, pressure points, standing too long = blood pulling)

blood flow is compromised - sufficient oxygen can’t get to the tissue

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15
Q

What’s histotoxic hypoxia ?

A

Inability of the tissue cell to accept or use oxygen

(alcohol, cyanide, narcotics)

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16
Q

Will breathing more oxygen help with histotoxic hypoxia ?

A

No

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17
Q

What’s the first sign of hypoxia ?

what you see in others

A

Hyperventilation

18
Q

How can you prevent hypoxia ?

A

Limit time altitude
pressure cabin
minimize DEATH
100% O2

19
Q

What the stages of hypoxia ?

A

ICDC

Indifferent stage
Compensatory stage
Disturbance stage
Critical stage

20
Q

What happens at the compensatory stage ?

A

Breath faster, less efficient

21
Q

What happens at the disturbace stage ?

A

Euphoria, blurred vision, decrease memory

22
Q

What happens at the indifferent stage ?

A

Decrease night vision @4000’, color perception

23
Q

What’s TUC short for ?

A

Time of useful consciousness

24
Q

What happens at the critical stage ?

A

Loss of consciousness and death (above 20.000’)

25
Q

What happens to TUC when RD (rapid decompression)

A

Halfed

26
Q

Define hyperventilation

A

An excessive rate og respiration (above 20 breaths per minute)

27
Q

What happens when hyperventalation ?

A

An excesive loss of the amount of CO2 in the blod

28
Q

How to tell difference between hyperventilation and hypoxia ?

A

Below 10.000 ft - assume hyperventilation
above = hypoxia

29
Q

What’s the right corrective action of hyperventilation ?

A
  • Control breathing
  • Check oxygen
30
Q

Cyanosis is only a symptom for ____ not ____ ?

A

Hypoxia not hyperventilation

31
Q

Can muscle cramps occur as a symptom of hypoxia ?

A

No - only hyperventilation

32
Q

How to prevent abdominal gas

A

Avoid gas producing food and carbonated drinks

33
Q

What is treatment/corrective actions when experiencing ear and sinus blocks on descent

A
  1. Stop descent and attempt valsalva
  2. Try to climb to an pressure equal altitude
  3. Descend slowly and clear frequently
34
Q

Should you valsalva on ascent

A

no - only valsalva on descent

35
Q

Which gas expands more ?
(Wet or dry)

A

Wet

36
Q

Why does evolved gas dysbarism occur ?

A

Reduction of pressure (henrys law) until equilibrium

37
Q

What are the 2 types of decompression sickness

A

Type 1) N2 bubbles trapped In the bend of joints and under skin

Type 2) N2 bubbles block pulmonary vessels - feels like suffocation + Central nervous system (bubbles trapped at brain og spine - paralysis/visual/weakness)

38
Q

What is DCS ?

A

Decompression sickness

39
Q

What are predisposing factors for DCS ?

A

Rate of ascent
Altitude
Body fat content
Age

40
Q

What’s de-nitrogenation for ?

A

flights over 18.000’
(Breathing 100% oxygen for 30 minuts)

UH72 / Aeromed (10 decks)

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